Concepções de professores paranaenses sobre a natureza do conhecimento científico: permanências e rupturas

Apresenta resultados de pesquisa com professores de química da rede pública de ensino do Estado do Paraná no Brasil. Estudamos as concepções desses docentes sobre a natureza do conhecimento científico e identificamos rupturas e permanências da visão geral que docentes têm sobre ciência. Aplicamos questionário a 62 professores com questões sobre a ciência e sua natureza. A maioria dos professores revela visões de ciência empírico-indutivista. Indicam a melhoria das atividades didáticas exclusivamente pela inserção de experimentos guiados pelo método científico. Este trabalho aponta para a necessidade de inserirmos na formação de professores a história e filosofia da ciência no intuito de melhorar a concepção docente sobre a ciência

Survival Rate dan Total Akumulasi Biomassa Permukaan dari Lima Jenis Pohon yang Digunakan dalam Eksperimen Restorasi pada Lahan Gambut Bekas Terbakar di Area Transisi Cagar Biosfer Giam Siak Kecil-bukit Batu Desa Tanjung Leban, Bengkalis, Riau

Biosphere Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu reserve was based on managed zonations as a multi-benefit management approach. This region has a fairly large carbon stocks stored in its natural peat swamp forest ecosystems. How ever the general condition of the peat swamp forest in the landscape Biosphere Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu currently has suffered damage, especially in the buffer and transition zones. The threat to the existenceof protected areas are not only coming from forest fires factors alone, but also from encroachment and illegal logging. Therefore, is requires a recovery effort. This research aims to determine the survival rate and to estimate above ground biomass accumulation of the main tree species of peat swamp forest which was used to restore the burnt-peat. Estimate total biomass accumulation on the surface using allometric equations. Result of this research prove that the type of Jelutung (Dyera polyphylla) has the best survival rate among the values of other types (98%), while the species Pisang-pisang (Mezzettia parviflora) have a survival rate of 35%. Total above ground biomass accumulation on thehighest level found in Jelutung (Dyera polyphylla) it was 499.015 kg/ha/year, while the lowest total above ground biomass accumulation found in Meranti batu (Shorea uliginosa) 88.867 kg/ha/year

Kekerabatan Bulbophyllum dan Vanda di Pekanbaru Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi

Bulbophyllum and Vanda are tropical orchids that are widely distributed in many regions inIndonesia, as well as in Pekanbaru, Riau. These genera have their own beauty with uniquemorphological characters, therefore they attract most people especially orchid lover. Thisresearch aimed to identify the species of Bulbophyllum and Vanda in Pekanbaru and todetermine their relationship based on their morphological characters. One hundred eighteencharacters were scored from 10 orchid species, these characters were then analyzed usingNTSyst 2.02. The result identified five Bulbophyllum species (B. vaginatum, B. medusa,B.machrantum, B. echinolambium and B. coroliferum) and five Vanda species (V. teres, V.dearei, V. limbata, V. tricolorand V. sumatrana). The similarity coefficient was rangedfrom 0.24-0.72. The dendogram was mainly divided into two groups (A and B). Group Aconsisted of all Vanda species while B consisted of all Bulbophyllum species

Diabetes immersion training as teaching method to medical practitioners

Este estudo avaliou a eficácia do método de ensino teórico e prático sobre diabetes e a atitude de profissionais médicos quanto à realização de controle glicêmico intensivo. Participaram de um curso de imersão em diabetes, com dois dias de duração, 48 médicos-residentes de clínica médica ou endocrinologia. Os participantes receberam treinamento de monitorização de glicemia capilar, técnicas de aplicação de insulina e contagem de carboidratos, sendo orientados a se portarem como diabéticos e a seguir prescrição médica individual. Foram avaliados através de questionários. No questionário de conhecimentos, observou-se um aumento significante de 12% no índice de acertos entre o início e o final do curso (61,2% e 73,2%, respectivamente, com p < 0,0001). Antes do curso, 70,8% dos participantes diziam ter dificuldades na contagem de carboidratos e 89,6%, na automonitorização glicêmica. Após a experiência prática, 82,9% dos participantes encontraram dificuldades na realização de contagem de carboidratos e 80,8%, na automonitorização; 40,4% fizeram uso de todas as medicações prescritas e 36,1% monitorizaram todas as glicemias. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que esse tipo de curso é eficaz para a aquisição de conhecimentos e contribui com a sensibilização do profissional médico quanto às dificuldades cotidianas enfrentadas pelo portador de diabetes melito na aderência às recomendações.This study evaluated the effectiveness of theoretical and practical teaching method in diabetes and doctors' position about feasibility of intensive blood glucose control. Forty-eight internal medicine or endocrinology residents participated in a two-day diabetes immersion course. The participants received training on self-blood glucose monitoring, techniques of insulin administration and carbohydrate counting. They were also instructed to behave as patients with diabetes and to follow individual medical prescription. They were assessed through questionnaires. In knowledge assessment, a significant increase of 12% was observed between the beginning and the end of the course (61.2% and 73.2%, respectively, with p < 0.0001). Before the course, 70.8% and 89.6% of the participants believed there were complications in performing carbohydrate counting and blood glucose monitoring, respectively. After the experience, 82.9% of them had difficulties in carbohydrate counting and 80.8% in self-monitoring; 40.4% took all medications prescribed and 36.1% monitored blood glucose correctly. These results show that the methodology of this course is an effective way to disseminate knowledge and that it contributes to doctors becoming more sensitive to daily problems faced by patients with diabetes melito concerning the acceptance of medical recommendations

Toward a Neutral Single-Component Amidinate Iodide Aluminum Catalyst for the CO₂ Fixation into Cyclic Carbonates

A new iodide aluminum complex ({AlI(κ⁴-naphbam)}, 3) supported by a tetradentate amidinate ligand derived from a naphthalene-1,8-bisamidine precursor (naphbamH, 1) was obtained in quantitative yield via reaction of the corresponding methyl aluminum complex ({AlMe(κ⁴-naphbam)}, 2) with 1 equiv of I₂ in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature. Complexes 2 and 3 were tested and found to be active as catalysts for the cyclic carbonate formation from epoxides at 80 °C and 1 bar of CO₂ pressure. A first series of experiments were carried out with 1.5 mol % of the alkyl complex 2 and 1.5 mol % of tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as a cocatalyst; subsequently, the reactions were carried out with 1.5 mol % of iodide complex 3 as a single-component catalyst. Compound 3 is one of the first examples of a nonzwitterionic halide single-component aluminum catalyst producing cyclic carbonates. The full catalytic cycle with characterization of all minima and transition states was characterized by quantum chemistry calculations (QCCs) using density functional theory. QCCs on the reaction mechanism support a reaction pathway based on the exchange of the iodine contained in the catalyst by 1 equiv of epoxide, with subsequent attack of I⁻ to the epoxide moiety producing the ring opening of the epoxide. QCCs triggered new insights for the design of more active halide catalysts in future explorations of the field