50 research outputs found
A Tabletop X-Ray Tomography Instrument for Nanometer-Scale Imaging: Integration of a Scanning Electron Microscope with a Transition-Edge Sensor Spectrometer
X-ray nanotomography is a powerful tool for the characterization of nanoscale
materials and structures, but is difficult to implement due to competing
requirements on X-ray flux and spot size. Due to this constraint,
state-of-the-art nanotomography is predominantly performed at large synchrotron
facilities. Compact X-ray nanotomography tools operated in standard analysis
laboratories exist, but are limited by X-ray optics and destructive sample
preparation techniques. We present a laboratory-scale nanotomography instrument
that achieves nanoscale spatial resolution while changing the limitations of
conventional tomography tools. The instrument combines the electron beam of a
scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the precise, broadband X-ray detection
of a superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter. The
electron beam generates a highly focused X-ray spot in a metal target, while
the TES spectrometer isolates target photons with high signal-to-noise. This
combination of a focused X-ray spot, energy-resolved X-ray detection, and
unique system geometry enable nanoscale, element-specific X-ray imaging in a
compact footprint. The proof-of-concept for this approach to X-ray
nanotomography is demonstrated by imaging 160 nm features in three dimensions
in a Cu-SiO2 integrated circuit, and a path towards finer resolution and
enhanced imaging capabilities is discussed.Comment: The following article has been submitted to Physical Review Applie
Harmful Elements in Estuarine and Coastal Systems
Estuaries and coastal zones are dynamic transitional systems which provide many economic and ecological benefits to humans, but also are an ideal habitat for other organisms as well. These areas are becoming contaminated by various anthropogenic activities due to a quick economic growth and urbanization. This chapter explores the sources, chemical speciation, sediment accumulation and removal mechanisms of the harmful elements in estuarine and coastal seawaters. It also describes the effects of toxic elements on aquatic flora and fauna. Finally, the toxic element pollution of the Venice Lagoon, a transitional water body located in the northeastern part of Italy, is discussed as a case study, by presenting the procedures adopted to measure the extent of the pollution, the impacts on organisms and the restoration activities
'NIEKATH' Kathetersystem fuer die Nierenbeckendrucksensorik - Konzept und Mustererstellng eines Sensorkatheters fuer Nierenbecken Schlussbericht
SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F01B9+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman