51,626 research outputs found
Random Phase Approximation and Extensions Applied to a Bosonic Field Theory
An application of a self-consistent version of RPA to quantum field theory
with broken symmetry is presented. Although our approach can be applied to any
bosonic field theory, we specifically study the theory in 1+1
dimensions. We show that standard RPA approach leads to an instability which
can be removed when going to a superior version,i.e. the renormalized RPA. We
present a method based on the so-called charging formula of the many electron
problem to calculate the correlation energy and the RPA effective potential.Comment: 30 pages, LaTeX file, 10 figures included, final version accepted in
EPJ
Constraining neutrino physics with BBN and CMBR
We perform a likelihood analysis of the recent results on the anisotropy of
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation from the BOOMERanG and DASI experiments
to show that they single out an effective number of neutrinos in good agreement
with standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We also consider degenerate Big Bang
Nucleosynthesis to provide new bounds on effective relativistic degrees of
freedom and, in particular, on neutrino chemical potential
. When including Supernova Ia data we find, at , and , .Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, some reference adde
Why does the Jeans Swindle work?
When measuring the mass profile of any given cosmological structure through
internal kinematics, the distant background density is always ignored. This
trick is often refereed to as the "Jeans Swindle". Without this trick a
divergent term from the background density renders the mass profile undefined,
however, this trick has no formal justification. We show that when one includes
the expansion of the Universe in the Jeans equation, a term appears which
exactly cancels the divergent term from the background. We thereby establish a
formal justification for using the Jeans Swindle.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter
A universal velocity distribution of relaxed collisionless structures
Several general trends have been identified for equilibrated,
self-gravitating collisionless systems, such as density or anisotropy profiles.
These are integrated quantities which naturally depend on the underlying
velocity distribution function (VDF) of the system. We study this VDF through a
set of numerical simulations, which allow us to extract both the radial and the
tangential VDF. We find that the shape of the VDF is universal, in the sense
that it depends only on two things namely the dispersion (radial or tangential)
and the local slope of the density. Both the radial and the tangential VDF's
are universal for a collection of simulations, including controlled collisions
with very different initial conditions, radial infall simulation, and
structures formed in cosmological simulations.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures; oversimplified analysis corrected; changed
abstract and conclusions; significantly extended discussio
Conditional quantum state engineering in repeated 2-photon down conversion
The U(1,1) and U(2) transformations realized by three-mode interaction in the
respective parametric approximations are studied in conditional measurement,
and the corresponding non-unitary transformation operators are derived. As an
application, the preparation of single-mode quantum states using an optical
feedback loop is discussed, with special emphasis of Fock state preparation.
For that example, the influence of non-perfect detection and feedback is also
considered.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, using a4.st
Tolerance and Sensitivity in the Fuse Network
We show that depending on the disorder, a small noise added to the threshold
distribution of the fuse network may or may not completely change the
subsequent breakdown process. When the threshold distribution has a lower
cutoff at a finite value and a power law dependence towards large thresholds
with an exponent which is less than , the network is not sensitive
to the added noise, otherwise it is. The transition between sensitivity or not
appears to be second order, and is related to a localization-delocalization
transition earlier observed in such systems.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures available upon request, plain Te
Energy Dependence of Breakup Cross Sections of Halo Nucleus 8B and Effective Interactions
We study the energy dependence of the cross sections for nucleon removal of
8B projectiles. It is shown that the Glauber model calculations with
nucleon-nucleon t-matrix reproduce well the energy dependence of the breakup
cross sections of 8B. A DWBA model for the breakup cross section is also
proposed and results are compared with those of the Glauber model. We show that
to obtain an agreement between the DWBA calculations, the Glauber formalism,
and the experimental data, it is necessary to modify the energy behavior of the
effective interaction. In particular, the breakup potential has a quite
different energy dependence than the strong absorption potential.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Nonequilibrium static growing length scales in supercooled liquids on approaching the glass transition
The small wavenumber behavior of the structure factor of
overcompressed amorphous hard-sphere configurations was previously studied for
a wide range of densities up to the maximally random jammed state, which can be
viewed as a prototypical glassy state [A. Hopkins, F. H. Stillinger and S.
Torquato, Phys. Rev. E, 86, 021505 (2012)]. It was found that a precursor to
the glassy jammed state was evident long before the jamming density was reached
as measured by a growing nonequilibrium length scale extracted from the volume
integral of the direct correlation function , which becomes long-ranged
as the critical jammed state is reached. The present study extends that work by
investigating via computer simulations two different atomic models: the
single-component Z2 Dzugutov potential in three dimensions and the
binary-mixture Kob-Andersen potential in two dimensions. Consistent with the
aforementioned hard-sphere study, we demonstrate that for both models a
signature of the glass transition is apparent well before the transition
temperature is reached as measured by the length scale determined from from the
volume integral of the direct correlation function in the single-component case
and a generalized direct correlation function in the binary-mixture case. The
latter quantity is obtained from a generalized Orstein-Zernike integral
equation for a certain decoration of the atomic point configuration. We also
show that these growing length scales, which are a consequence of the
long-range nature of the direct correlation functions, are intrinsically
nonequilibrium in nature as determined by an index that is a measure of
deviation from thermal equilibrium. It is also demonstrated that this
nonequilibrium index, which increases upon supercooling, is correlated with a
characteristic relaxation time scale.Comment: 26 pages, 14 figure
Self-diffusion of Rod-like Viruses Through Smectic Layer
We report the direct visualization at the scale of single particles of mass
transport between smectic layers, also called permeation, in a suspension of
rod-like viruses. Self-diffusion takes place preferentially in the direction
normal to the smectic layers, and occurs by quasi-quantized steps of one rod
length. The diffusion rate corresponds with the rate calculated from the
diffusion in the nematic state with a lamellar periodic ordering potential that
is obtained experimentally.Comment: latex, 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. Let
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