3,225 research outputs found
Natural Slow-Roll Inflation
It is shown that the non-perturbative dynamics of a phase change to the
non-trivial phase of -theory in the early universe can give
rise to slow-rollover inflation without recourse to unnaturally small
couplings.Comment: 14 LaTex pages (3 figures available on request), UNITUE-THEP-15-199
The Path Integral for 1+1-dimensional QCD
We derive a path integral expression for the transition amplitude in
1+1-dimensional QCD starting from canonically quantized QCD. Gauge fixing after
quantization leads to a formulation in terms of gauge invariant but curvilinear
variables. Remainders of the curved space are Jacobians, an effective
potential, and sign factors just as for the problem of a particle in a box.
Based on this result we derive a Faddeev-Popov like expression for the
transition amplitude avoiding standard infinities that are caused by
integrations over gauge equivalent configurations.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, 3 PostScript figures, uses epsf.st
Heavy Quark Solitons in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio Model
The Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model (NJL) is extended to incorporate heavy quark
spin-symmetry. In this model baryons containing one heavy quark are analyzed as
bound-states of light baryons, represented as chiral solitons, and mesons
containing one heavy quark. From related studies in Skyrme type models, the
ground-state heavy baryon is known to arise for the heavy meson in a P--wave
configuration. In the limit of an infinitely large quark mass the heavy meson
wave-function is sharply peaked at the center of the chiral soliton. Therefore
the bound state equation reduces to an eigenvalue problem for the coefficients
of the operators contained in the most general P-wave {\it ansatz} for the
heavy meson. Within the NJL model a novel feature arises from the coupling of
the heavy meson to the various light quark states. In this respect conceptual
differences to Skyrme model calculations are discovered: The strongest bound
state is given by a heavy meson configuration which is completely decoupled
from the grand spin zero channel of the light quarks.Comment: 16 pages REVTEX, one postscript figure, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Stationary solutions of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schroedinger equation: I. Case of repulsive nonlinearity
All stationary solutions to the one-dimensional nonlinear Schroedinger
equation under box and periodic boundary conditions are presented in analytic
form. We consider the case of repulsive nonlinearity; in a companion paper we
treat the attractive case. Our solutions take the form of stationary trains of
dark or grey density-notch solitons. Real stationary states are in one-to-one
correspondence with those of the linear Schr\"odinger equation. Complex
stationary states are uniquely nonlinear, nodeless, and symmetry-breaking. Our
solutions apply to many physical contexts, including the Bose-Einstein
condensate and optical pulses in fibers.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures -- revised versio
Ökologische Milchviehzucht: Entwicklung und Bewertung züchterischer Ansätze unter Berücksichtigung der Genotyp x Umwelt-Interaktion und Schaffung eines Informationssystems für nachhaltige Zuchtstrategien
In dem Projekt wurden für verschiedene Merkmalskomplexe an zwei verschiedenen Datensätzen Genotyp x Umwelt-Interaktionen zwischen ökologischen und konventionellen Produktionssystemen geschätzt. Anhand Schweizer Daten wurden für Braunvieh und Fleckvieh für Milchleistungsmerkmale Korrelationen > 0.9 zwischen beiden Betriebsformen geschätzt, wohingegen die genetische Korrelationen für funktionale Merkmale (Rastzeit, Zellzahl) geringer (0.8 bis 0.9) waren. Diese Korrelationen konnten für die Rasse Holstein Friesian auf Grund einer Auswertung Deutscher Daten bestätigt werden. Generell liegt für Leistungsmerkmale keine und für funktionale Merkmale eine geringe Genotyp x Umwelt-Interaktion zwischen ökologischen und konventionellen Betrieben vor, wobei insbesondere für letztere die Informationsbasis begrenzt ist. Auswertungen der Betriebsdaten von > 450 ökologisch wirtschaftenden Milchviehbetrieben und Befragungen der Betriebsleiter haben ergeben, dass sich diese Betriebe in ihren züchterischen Zielen kaum und in ihrem züchterischen Handeln gar nicht von konventionellen Betrieben unterscheiden. Zuchtplanerische Rechnungen haben ergeben, dass unter den gefundenen genetischen Parametern weder ein geschlossenes noch ein offenes eigenes Zuchtprogramm im ökologischen Sektor wirtschaftlich gerechtfertigt ist. Vielmehr ist anzustreben, dass sich ökologisch wirtschaftende Milchviehbetriebe stärker aktiv an etablierten Zuchtprogrammen beteiligen, z.B. durch den stärkeren Einsatz von Testbullen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, aufgrund der bestehenden Teilzuchtwerte einen Ökologischen Gesamtzuchtwert zu entwickeln, in dem funktionale Merkmale stärker gewichtet werden. Ein im Projekt entwickeltes Internetportal und eine entsprechend angepasste Anpaarungssoftware kann die Umsetzung dieses Vorschlags unterstützen. Erforderlich ist allerdings eine vollständigere Erfassung der ökologischen Milchviehbetriebe als Voraussetzung für eine bessere Unterstützung der ökologischen Milchviehzucht
Nonequilibrium critical behavior of a species coexistence model
A biologically motivated model for spatio-temporal coexistence of two
competing species is studied by mean-field theory and numerical simulations. In
d>1 dimensions the phase diagram displays an extended region where both species
coexist, bounded by two second-order phase transition lines belonging to the
directed percolation universality class. The two transition lines meet in a
multicritical point, where a non-trivial critical behavior is observed.Comment: 11 page
Ultrasmall divergence of laser-driven ion beams from nanometer thick foils
We report on experimental studies of divergence of proton beams from
nanometer thick diamond-like carbon (DLC) foils irradiated by an intense laser
with high contrast. Proton beams with extremely small divergence (half angle)
of 2 degree are observed in addition with a remarkably well-collimated feature
over the whole energy range, showing one order of magnitude reduction of the
divergence angle in comparison to the results from micrometer thick targets. We
demonstrate that this reduction arises from a steep longitudinal electron
density gradient and an exponentially decaying transverse profile at the rear
side of the ultrathin foils. Agreements are found both in an analytical model
and in particle-in-cell simulations. Those novel features make nm foils an
attractive alternative for high flux experiments relevant for fundamental
research in nuclear and warm dense matter physics.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
The European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax genome puzzle: comparative BAC-mapping and low coverage shotgun sequencing
Abstract Background Food supply from the ocean is constrained by the shortage of domesticated and selected fish. Development of genomic models of economically important fishes should assist with the removal of this bottleneck. European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. (Moronidae, Perciformes, Teleostei) is one of the most important fishes in European marine aquaculture; growing genomic resources put it on its way to serve as an economic model. Results End sequencing of a sea bass genomic BAC-library enabled the comparative mapping of the sea bass genome using the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus genome as a reference. BAC-end sequences (102,690) were aligned to the stickleback genome. The number of mappable BACs was improved using a two-fold coverage WGS dataset of sea bass resulting in a comparative BAC-map covering 87% of stickleback chromosomes with 588 BAC-contigs. The minimum size of 83 contigs covering 50% of the reference was 1.2 Mbp; the largest BAC-contig comprised 8.86 Mbp. More than 22,000 BAC-clones aligned with both ends to the reference genome. Intra-chromosomal rearrangements between sea bass and stickleback were identified. Size distributions of mapped BACs were used to calculate that the genome of sea bass may be only 1.3 fold larger than the 460 Mbp stickleback genome. Conclusions The BAC map is used for sequencing single BACs or BAC-pools covering defined genomic entities by second generation sequencing technologies. Together with the WGS dataset it initiates a sea bass genome sequencing project. This will allow the quantification of polymorphisms through resequencing, which is important for selecting highly performing domesticated fish.Peer Reviewe
Quark zero modes in intersecting center vortex gauge fields
The zero modes of the Dirac operator in the background of center vortex gauge
field configurations in and are examined. If the net flux in D=2
is larger than 1 we obtain normalizable zero modes which are mainly localized
at the vortices. In D=4 quasi-normalizable zero modes exist for intersecting
flat vortex sheets with the Pontryagin index equal to 2. These zero modes are
mainly localized at the vortex intersection points, which carry a topological
charge of . To circumvent the problem of normalizability the
space-time manifold is chosen to be the (compact) torus \T^2 and \T^4,
respectively. According to the index theorem there are normalizable zero modes
on \T^2 if the net flux is non-zero. These zero modes are localized at the
vortices. On \T^4 zero modes exist for a non-vanishing Pontryagin index. As
in these zero modes are localized at the vortex intersection points.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX2e, references added, treatment of ideal
vortices on the torus shortene
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