Diminution de la résistance aux antibiotiques des souches de Streptococcus pneumoniae isolées d’infections invasives en France entre 2005 et 2011 : résultats des Observatoires Régionaux du Pneumocoque (ORP)

National audienc

Monstername en analyse van N-mineraal in de bodem en nitraat in het grondwater

Beschrijving methoden en -technieken van bemonstering bodem op N-mineraal en grondwater op nitraat toegepast in het project Sturen Op Nitraa

Comparative mapping of human chromosome 13 genes in the pig shows a similar gene arrangement

Previous comparative mapping between the human and pig genomes suggested complete conservation of human chromosome 13 (HSA13) to pig chromosome 11 (SSC11). The objectives of this study were comparative gene mapping of pig homologs of HSA13 genes and an examination of gene order within this conserved synteny group by physical assignment of each locus. A detailed HSA13 to SSC11 comparison was chosen since the comparative gene map is not well developed for these chromosomes and a rearranged gene order within conserved synteny groups was observed from the comparison between human chromosome 13 and bovine chromosome 12. Pig sequence tagged sites (STSs) for six HSA13 genes were developed and physically mapped using a somatic cell hybrid panel (SCHP) to SSC11 with 85–100% concordance. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping also was applied to determine the gene order within each subchromosomal region. Results from this study increase the comparative information available on SSC11 and suggest the same gene order among examined loci on SSC11 and HSA13

Comparative mapping of human chromosome 3 genes in the pig shows different gene order

A comparative map of human chromosome 3 (HSA3) and pig chromosome 13 (SSC13) was constructed using physically assigned pig sequence tagged sites (STSs). Pig STS representing 11 HSA3 genes were developed and 10 pig STS were regionally mapped using a somatic cell hybrid panel (SCHP) to SSC13 with 80–100% concordance. Large-insert probes were obtained by screening a YAC library with primers for each STS. YACs were identified for DRD3, GAP43, PIT1, SI, and SST for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping. Single gene and bicolor FISH with each pairwise combination was used to further define gene order on SSC13. These data confrim chromosome painting results that showed HSA3 probes hybridize to a major portion of pig chromosome 13 and demonstrate extensive gene rearrangements within this conserved synteny group

The cytosolic glutamine synthetase GLN1;2 plays a role in the control of plant growth and ammonium homeostasis in Arabidopsis rosettes when nitrate supply is not limiting

Glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) is a key enzyme of ammonium assimilation and recycling in plants where it catalyses the synthesis of glutamine from ammonium and glutamate. In Arabidopsis, five GLN1 genes encode GS1 isoforms. GLN1;2 is the most highly expressed in leaves and is over-expressed in roots by ammonium supply and in rosettes by ample nitrate supply compared with limiting nitrate supply. It is shown here that the GLN1;2 promoter is mainly active in the minor veins of leaves and flowers and, to a lower extent, in the parenchyma of mature leaves. Cytoimmunochemistry reveals that the GLN1;2 protein is present in the companion cells. The role of GLN1;2 was determined by examining the physiology of gln1;2 knockout mutants. Mutants displayed lower glutamine synthetase activity, higher ammonium concentration, and reduced rosette biomass compared with the wild type (WT) under ample nitrate supply only. No difference between mutant and WT can be detected under limiting nitrate conditions. Despite total amino acid concentration was increased in the old leaves of mutants at high nitrate, no significant difference in nitrogen remobilization can be detected using 15N tracing. Growing plants in vitro with ammonium or nitrate as the sole nitrogen source allowed us to confirm that GLN1;2 is induced by ammonium in roots and to observe that gln1;2 mutants displayed, under such conditions, longer root hair and smaller rosette phenotypes in ammonium. Altogether the results suggest that GLN1;2 is essential for nitrogen assimilation under ample nitrate supply and for ammonium detoxification

Atomic-layer deposited thulium oxide as a passivation layer on germanium

A comprehensive study of atomic-layer deposited thulium oxide (Tm2O3) on germanium has been conducted using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vacuum ultra-violet variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The valence band offset is found to be 3.05 ± 0.2 eV for Tm2O3/p-Ge from the Tm 4d centroid and Ge 3p3/2 charge-corrected XPS core-level spectra taken at different sputtering times of a single bulk thulium oxide sample. A negligible downward band bending of ∼0.12 eV is observed during progressive differential charging of Tm 4d peaks. The optical band gap is estimated from the absorption edge and found to be 5.77 eV with an apparent Urbach tail signifying band gap tailing at ∼5.3 eV. The latter has been correlated to HRTEM and electron diffraction results corroborating the polycrystalline nature of the Tm2O3 films. The Tm2O3/Ge interface is found to be rather atomically abrupt with sub-nanometer thickness. In addition, the band line-up of reference GeO2/n-Ge stacks obtained by thermal oxidation has been discussed and derived. The observed low reactivity of thulium oxide on germanium as well as the high effective barriers for holes (∼3 eV) and electrons (∼2 eV) identify Tm2O3 as a strong contender for interfacial layer engineering in future generations of scaled high-κ gate stacks on Ge

CLAPI, une base de données multimodale pour la parole en interaction : apports et dilemmes

Dans cette contribution, nous présentons la base CLAPI développée au laboratoire ICAR dans le contexte de l’évolution des bases de données de langues parlées en France au cours des trente dernières années. Nous détaillons les deux composantes de CLAPI, l’archive de corpus de langue parlée en interaction audio et vidéo enregistrés dans des situations sociales naturelles variées, et la plateforme d’outils.L’usage et l’apport de CLAPI sont illustrés par deux études. L’une décrit comment la base peut être utilisée pour des travaux de linguistique interactionnelle intégrant la multimodalité (« oh là là ») ; l’autre concerne une recherche combinant données et métadonnées (« trop »). L’article est aussi l’occasion d’un bilan plus général. La mise en perspective montre en effet qu’après la période des questions est venue celle des dilemmes. La période des questions, choix et décisions à toutes sortes de niveaux a accompagné la mise en place des bases de données. L’expérience permet maintenant de mesurer leurs indéniables apports en termes non seulement de quantité de données disponibles (et traitables grâce aux outils), mais aussi de qualité (comme conséquence des exigences de standardisation liées au partage des données). La période des dilemmes nous conduit à nous interroger sur les meilleurs choix à opérer aujourd’hui dans les relations entre la poursuite des recherches sur des corpus variés (et parfois sensibles) et les exigences des bases de données ouvertes.In this contribution, we present the development of the CLAPI by the ICAR Lab in the context of the evolution of the databases of spoken languages in France during the last thirty years. We describe the two components of CLAPI, the archive of corpus of spoken languages in interaction, audio and video, recorded in varied naturally-occurring social situations, and the plateform of tools.The use and the support of CLAPI the research are shown out of two studies. One illustrates how the database can be used for working in an interactional linguistic perspective, including multimodality (“oh là là”); the other concerns a research combining data and metadata (“trop”).The article is also the occasion of a more general assessment. The perspective on the last thirty years shows that after a period of questions came that of dilemmas. The period of questions, choices and decisions at various levels accompanied the implementation of the databases. The experience enables now to measure their undeniable contributions in terms not only of quantity of available data (and possibly dealt with supported by the tools), but also of quality of the data (as a consequence of the requirements of standardization linked to the needs of sharing the data). The period of the dilemmas leads us to wonder about the best choices to be operated today among continuing research on varied corpuses (sometimes delicate) and the requirements of the databases

Frame Theory for Signal Processing in Psychoacoustics

This review chapter aims to strengthen the link between frame theory and signal processing tasks in psychoacoustics. On the one side, the basic concepts of frame theory are presented and some proofs are provided to explain those concepts in some detail. The goal is to reveal to hearing scientists how this mathematical theory could be relevant for their research. In particular, we focus on frame theory in a filter bank approach, which is probably the most relevant view-point for audio signal processing. On the other side, basic psychoacoustic concepts are presented to stimulate mathematicians to apply their knowledge in this field