145 research outputs found
Coherence loss and revivals in atomic interferometry: A quantum-recoil analysis
The coherence effects induced by external photons coupled to matter waves
inside a Mach-Zehnder three-grating interferometer are analyzed. Alternatively
to atom-photon entanglement scenarios, the model considered here only relies on
the atomic wave function and the momentum shift induced in it by the photon
scattering events. A functional dependence is thus found between the
observables, namely the fringe visibility and the phase shift, and the
transversal momentum transfer distribution. A good quantitative agreement is
found when comparing the results obtained from our model with the experimental
data.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure
THE PURPOSES AND METHODS OF ENERGY SYSTEM MODELING
U radu je opisana svrha modeliranja energetskog sustava i podjela modela za planiranje s obzirom na različitosti pristupa i metodologije. Pojava modernih računala i razvoj računalnih programa pojednostavnila je korištenje modela za planiranje. Ovakvi modeli koriste snažne matematičke algoritme i baze podataka koji u relativno kratkom vremenu mogu riješiti vrlo složene probleme. To je dalje omogućilo nastanak tzv. E3 modela (engl. energy-ecology-economy) koji imaju mogućnost istodobnog sagledavanja pitanja vezanih za energetiku, ali i za ekologiju i ekonomiju. Posebno su prikazane karakteristike modela MARKAL kroz primjer integriranog povezivanja s drugim modelima za planiranje. Pokazuje se da je primjena optimizacijskog modela MARKAL za planiranje energetskog sustava Republike Hrvatske od velikog značenja s obzirom na potrebne analize energetskog tržišta jugoistočne Europe, korištenja obnovljivih izvora energije, energetsku učinkovitost i trgovine emisijama.This article describes the purpose of energy system modeling and the classification of planning models according to approaches and methodologies. The advent of modern computers and computer programs has simplified the use of planning models. Such models employ powerful mathematical algorithms and databases which can solve highly complex problems in a relatively short time. This has led to energy-ecology-economy (E3) models, which are simultaneously able to consider questions in connection with energy supply, ecology and economics. The characteristics of a MARKAL model are presented separately through an example of integration with other planning models. It is demonstrated that the application of an optimizing MARKAL model for the planning of the energy supply system of the Republic of Croatia is of great significance for the analysis of the energy market of South East Europe, the use of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and emission tradin
ENERGY EFFICIENCY INDICATORS
U radu su opisani indikatori energetske učinkovitosti i indeksi poboljšanja
energetske učinkovitosti prema vrsti i namjeni. Namjena indikatora i indeksa
je praćenje i uspoređivanje trendova energetske učinkovitosti u zemljama EU-
27, Norveškoj i Hrvatskoj, stoga su posebno prikazani trendovi u Hrvatskoj za
svaki od sektora potrošnje energije.This paper describes energy efficiency indicators and indices of energy
efficiency improvements according to type and use. The purpose of indicators
and indices is the monitoring and comparing of energy efficiency trends in the
EU-27 countries, Norway and the Republic of Croatia, therefore the trends
in Croatia have been specially presented for each of the energy consumption
sectors
On the influence of resonance photon scattering on atom interference
Here, the influence of resonance photon-atom scattering on the atom
interference pattern at the exit of a three-grating Mach-Zehnder interferometer
is studied. It is assumed that the scattering process does not destroy the
atomic wave function describing the state of the atom before the scattering
process takes place, but only induces a certain shift and change of its phase.
We find that the visibility of the interference strongly depends on the
statistical distribution of transferred momenta to the atom during the
photon-atom scattering event. This also explains the experimentally observed
(Chapman et al 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 2783) dependence of the visibility on
the ratio d_p/\lambda_i = y'_{12} (2\pi/kd\lambda_i), where y'_{12} is distance
between the place where the scattering event occurs and the first grating, k is
the wave number of the atomic center-of-mass motion, is the grating
constant and \lambda_i is the photon wavelength. Furthermore, it is remarkable
that photon-atom scattering events happen experimentally within the Fresnel
region, i.e. the near field region, associated with the first grating, which
should be taken into account when drawing conclusions about the relevance of
"which-way" information for the interference visibility.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
Revised physical elements of the astrophysically important O9.5+O9.5V eclipsing binary system Y Cyg
Thanks to its long and rich observational history and rapid apsidal motion,
the massive eclipsing binary Y Cyg represents one of the cornestones to
critical tests of stellar evolution theory for massive stars. Yet, the
determination of the basic physical properties is less accurate than it could
be given the existing number of spectral and photometric observations. Our goal
is to analyze all these data simultaneously with the new dedicated series of
our own spectral and photometric observations from observatories widely
separated in longitude. We obtained new series of UBV observations at three
observatories separated in local time to obtain complete light curves of Y Cyg
for its orbital period close to 3 days. This new photometry was reduced and
carefully transformed to the standard UBV system using the HEC22 program. We
also obtained new series of red spectra secured at two observatories and
re-analyzed earlier obtained blue electronic spectra. Our analyses provide the
most accurate so far published value of the apsidal period of 47.805 +/- 0.030
yrs and the following physical elements: M1=17.72+/-0.35$ Msun, M2=17.73+/-0.30
Msun, R1=5.785+/-0.091 Rsun, and R2=5.816+/-0.063 Rsun. The disentangling thus
resulted in the masses, which are somewhat higher than all previous
determinations and virtually the same for both stars, while the light curve
implies a slighly higher radius and luminosity for star 2. The above empirical
values imply the logarithm of the internal structure constant log k2 = -1.937.
A comparison with Claret's stellar interior models implies an age close to 2
millions yrs for both stars. The claimed accuracy of modern element
determination of 1-2 per cent seems still a bit too optimistic and obtaining
new high-dispersion and high-resolution spectra is desirable.Comment: 13 pages; accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Properties and nature of Be stars 30. Reliable physical properties of a semi-detached B9.5e+G8III binary BR CMi = HD 61273 compared to those of other well studied semi-detached emission-line binaries
Reliable determination of the basic physical properties of hot emission-line
binaries with Roche-lobe filling secondaries is important for developing the
theory of mass exchange in binaries. It is a very hard task, however, which is
complicated by the presence of circumstellar matter in these systems. So far,
only a small number of systems with accurate values of component masses, radii,
and other properties are known. Here, we report the first detailed study of a
new representative of this class of binaries, BR CMi, based on the analysis of
radial velocities and multichannel photometry from several observatories, and
compare its physical properties with those for other well-studied systems. BR
CMi is an ellipsoidal variable seen under an intermediate orbital inclination
of ~51 degrees, and it has an orbital period of 12.919059(15) d and a circular
orbit. We used the disentangled component spectra to estimate the effective
temperatures 9500(200) K and 4655(50) K by comparing them with model spectra.
They correspond to spectral types B9.5e and G8III. We also used the
disentangled spectra of both binary components as templates for the 2-D
cross-correlation to obtain accurate RVs and a reliable orbital solution. Some
evidence of a secular period increase at a rate of 1.1+/-0.5 s per year was
found. This, together with a very low mass ratio of 0.06 and a normal mass and
radius of the mass gaining component, indicates that BR CMi is in a slow phase
of the mass exchange after the mass-ratio reversal. It thus belongs to a still
poorly populated subgroup of Be stars for which the origin of Balmer emission
lines is safely explained as a consequence of mass transfer between the binary
components.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and
Astrophysics. appears in Astronomy and Astrophysics 201
Short period line profile and light variations in the Be star ω Orionis
We present the results of a multisite spectroscopic and photometric campaign on the Be star ω Orionis. From the photometry and radial velocity variation of several spectral lines, we confirm that the star is a variable with period . Only one period can be extracted from both the photometric and radial velocity observations. We find that the projected rotational velocity from the helium lines is considerably smaller than from the metal lines . The line profiles show an excess absorption feature moving from blue to red for half the period and from red to blue for the other half of the period. Another excess absorption feature moves exactly out of phase. The excess absorption features are present in photospheric lines as well as in lines which are significantly affected by circumstellar material, such as Hβ. From this we conclude that the periodic variations are most probably associated with corotating circumstellar materia
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