Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children's worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a type of dental caries in the teeth of infants and children that is represented as one of the most prevalent dental problems in this period. Various studies have reported different types of prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children worldwide. However, there has been no comprehensive study to summarize the results of these studies in general, so this study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world during a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: In this review study, articles were extracted by searching in the national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) between 1995 and December 2019. Random effects model was used for analysis and heterogeneity of studies was evaluated by using the I2 index. Data were analyzed by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2) software. Findings: In this study, a total of 164 articles (81 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth and 83 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth) were entered the meta-analysis. The prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 80,405 was 46.2% (95% CI: 41.6–50.8%), and the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 1,454,871 was 53.8% (95% CI: 50–57.5%). Regarding the heterogeneity on the basis of meta-regression analysis, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world. With increasing the sample size and the year of study, dental caries in primary teeth increased and in permanent teeth decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of primary and permanent dental caries in children in the world was found to be high. Therefore, appropriate strategies should be implemented to improve the aforementioned situation and to troubleshoot and monitor at all levels by providing feedback to hospitals

Simple analysis of various loading printed monopole antennas

International audienceThis paper describes an impedance loaded monopole antennas for two different structures analysed by the simple transmission line model associated with the Babinet principal [1]. The theoretical and simulated input impedances of various monopoles and loads (Resistor, RLC resonant circuit…) are compared successfully with experimental result. The gain measurement at the resonance frequency is also presented. © Research India Publications

Impact of negative signs on therapeutic compliance in patients with schizophrenia

Introduction Schizophrenia is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical expression. Schizophrenic symptoms fall into three main dimensions: positive, negative, and disorganized. Negative symptoms may be primary or secondary to positive symptoms. Therapeutic compliance is essential in the management of mental illnesses and in particular schizophrenia. The associations between poor compliance and negative symptomatology are little studied even though it is found in several patients suffering from schizophrenia and is associated with a poor functional prognosis. Objectives The objective of this study is to evaluate the link between negative symptoms and medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with a descriptive and analytical aim carried out among patients in whom a diagnosis of schizophrenia was made according to the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5. Data will be collected using an anonymous hetero-questionnaire including patients’ personal and sociodemographic data, as well as the negative symptoms subscale of the PANSS and Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) which assesses therapeutic compliance. Results In total, we obtained a sample of 109 patients. The median age of the population is 37 years (+/- 8.2), the age varies between 18 and 64 years. The majority of patients were single, i.e. 79.6%. On average, patients had good compliance with the MARS with a mean score of 6.3 ± 1.9 [0;10]. A negative correlation between the negative symptoms subscale of the PANSS and the MARS was found significant (p=0.003), with a moderate effect. Conclusions This study showed that the negative signs of schizophrenia have an impact on therapeutic compliance. Therefore, it would be useful to enlarge the sample and study this association in depth in order to be able to improve these signs to ensure good care and better quality of life for these patients. Disclosure of Interest None Declare

Childhood trauma in bipolar disorder: experience of Arrazi hospital

Introduction Bipolar disorder is a chronic, recurrent, and disabling condition that typically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood. It is characterized by alternating phases of depression, mania, or hypomania. Childhood traumas are more frequently found in adults with bipolar disorder, suggesting their contribution to its development. They are also associated with more severe and complex clinical forms and a less favorable prognosis. Objectives Our objective is to assess the prevalence of childhood trauma rates in adults with bipolar disorder and to study the impact of childhood traumas on the clinical course of bipolar disorder, in comparison with a group of patients with bipolar disorder who did not experience trauma during their childhood. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study using a questionnaire comprising sociodemographic criteria and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF) to evaluate the connection between physical and psychological traumas during childhood and bipolar disorder. The study also examines the types of these traumas and their impact on the course of bipolar disorder in these categories. Results Data were collected from 54 patients with bipolar disorder at Ar-Razi Psychiatric University Hospital. Among this sample, 60% were female and 40% were male. The age of the participants in our study ranged from 18 to 54 years. According to the Childhood Trauma Scale, approximately one-third of patients with bipolar disorder had experienced childhood trauma. Moreover, most participants who had survived childhood trauma experienced more relapses than patients who had not experienced traumatic incidents during their childhood. Conclusions Childhood traumas and bipolar disorder appear to have a significant causal association, both in the development of the disease and its course. The results of our study support evidence published in articles to better clarify the nature of this association. However, our study has several limitations, including a limited sample size and difficulties in long-term follow-up during the disease. Therefore, further studies exploring this subject are desirable for better management of this condition. Disclosure of Interest None Declare

Exploring maladaptive early schemas in adults with bipolar disorder

Introduction Bipolar disorder is a severe and chronic mental pathology, with an estimated prevalence of 1% in the general population. It is a complex pathology, encompassing a wide variety of severe and contradictory symptoms, with harmful repercussions on the patient’s personal, emotional, social, professional and conjugal life, precipitating relapse. By improving our knowledge of bipolar disorder, we can support and accompany patients, helping them to understand their illness, to be able to manage it, to resolve the problems that may arise from it, and to prevent relapses and the occurrence of further episodes. Objectives The aim of our work is to explore maladaptive early patterns in people with bipolar disorder in the intercritical period in relation to their symptomatology and functional disability, given that consideration of maladaptive early patterns (IAPs) could lead to better identification, understanding and management of bipolar disorder. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. The sample in our study consisted of 40 bipolar adults and 40 control adults, recruited from the various inpatient and outpatient departments of our hospital. They were all university graduates, aged between 20 and 60, followed for at least 06 months and stabilized on treatment. After collecting the various socio-demographic and clinical data, we used the Young schema questionnaire-short form (YSQ-S1). Results Our study sample seemed to be characterized by certain specificities: high “self-sacrifice”, “high demands” and “exaggerated personal rights”. Feelings of dependence and incompetence were also high among our patients, especially those with type I bipolar disorder, leading to a marked decline in self-esteem and autonomy. Conclusions The data we have retained from this work show us the importance of drug, psychotherapeutic and family management in achieving thymic stability and psychological and relational well-being. Disclosure of Interest None Declare

The Effect of Social Media on Bank Performance: An fsQCA Approach

Corporate e-reputation is becoming more and more relevant for firms, partly because of its importance for firm value. In this context, this paper provides comprehensive theoretical and empirical evidence concerning the relationship between electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), e-reputation, and bank financial performance. First, the study is also intended to determine the effect of eWOM, in terms of components (strength, sentiment, passion, and reach), on e-reputation, allowing for a holistic understanding of these relationships in the sense of the causal chain of factors, which is of high relevance when managing e-reputation. Second, it investigates the effect of e-reputation on bank performance in the US. This paper applies a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis technique to the raw data. The results reveal a significant positive relationship between e-reputation on Facebook and bank performance. Moreover, the findings suggest that eWOM components (strength, sentiment, passion, and reach) significantly positively impact e-reputation among US banks, that is, a higher ranking on Facebook because of an increased number of fans). \textcopyright 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature