215,248 research outputs found
Sustainability analysis of Chinese transport policy
Whilst the world economy is developed, the life and development of
human beings have been threatened by the imbalance among environmental and
ecological aspects. Thus sustainability is becoming increasingly the focus of
various social fields. For most developing countries, a strategy with good
sustainability for social development is of long-term significance to keep the
economy in expansion. This paper first reviews the conceptual framework and
up-to-date development of sustainability. Second, it reviews the current transport
situation of China and its future demands. Third, the paper analyses transport policy
from the viewpoints of energy consumption and environment pollution caused by
transportation. It finally summarises suggestions for transport policy that China
should consider in the future
Atomic electron correlation in nuclear electron capture
The effect of electron-electron Coulomb correlation on orbital electron capture by the nucleus was treated by the multiconfigurational Hartree-Fock approach. The theoretical Be-7 L/K capture ratio was found to be 0.086, and the Ar-37 M/L ratio, 0.102. Both ratios were smaller than the independent particle predictions. Measurements exist for the Ar M/L ratio, and agreement between theory and experiment was excellent
Multiplet effects on the L(2,3) fluorescence yield of multiply ionized Ar
The 2p fluorescence yield of argon in the presence of 0 to 6 3p holes was calculated by statistically averaging the fluorescence yields of initial state that consist of individual multiplet configurations. These configurations were formed by coupling the 2p vacancy to the partially filled 3p shell. Results agree reasonably well with experimental fluorescence yields deduced from ion-atom collision measurements
From urban to national heat island: The effect of anthropogenic heat output on climate change in high population industrial countries
The project presented here sought to determine whether changes in anthropogenic thermal emission can have a measurable effect on temperature at the national level, taking Japan and Great Britain as type examples. Using energy consumption as a proxy for thermal emission, strong correlations (mean r2 = 0.90 and 0.89, respectively) are found between national equivalent heat output (HO) and temperature above background levels Δt averaged over 5‐ to 8‐yr periods between 1965 and 2013, as opposed to weaker correlations for CMIP5 model temperatures above background levels Δmt (mean r2 = 0.52 and 0.10). It is clear that the fluctuations in Δt are better explained by energy consumption than by present climate models, and that energy consumption can contribute to climate change at the national level on these timescales
A high specific capacity membraneless aluminum-air cell operated with an inorganic/organic hybrid electrolyte
Aluminum-air cells have attracted a lot of interests because they have the highest volumetric capacity density in theory among the different metal-air systems. To overcome the self-discharge issue of aluminum, a microfluidic aluminum-air cell working with KOH methanol-based anolyte was developed in this work. A specific capacity up to 2507 mAh g¯¹ (that is, 84.1% of the theoretical value) was achieved experimentally. The KOH concentration and water content in the methanol-based anolyte were found to have direct influence on the cell performance. A possible mechanism of the aluminum reactions in KOH methanol-based electrolyte was proposed to explain the observed phenomenon
Mass of Rotating Black Holes in Gauged Supergravities
The masses of several recently-constructed rotating black holes in gauged
supergravities, including the general such solution in minimal gauged
supergravity in five dimensions, have until now been calculated only by
integrating the first law of thermodynamics. In some respects it is more
satisfactory to have a calculation of the mass that is based directly upon the
integration of a conserved quantity derived from a symmetry principal. In this
paper, we evaluate the masses for the newly-discovered rotating black holes
using the conformal definition of Ashtekar, Magnon and Das (AMD), and show that
the results agree with the earlier thermodynamic calculations. We also consider
the Abbott-Deser (AD) approach, and show that this yields an identical answer
for the mass of the general rotating black hole in five-dimensional minimal
gauged supergravity. In other cases we encounter discrepancies when applying
the AD procedure. We attribute these to ambiguities or pathologies of the
chosen decomposition into background AdS metric plus deviations when scalar
fields are present. The AMD approach, involving no decomposition into
background plus deviation, is not subject to such complications. Finally, we
also calculate the Euclidean action for the five-dimensional solution in
minimal gauged supergravity, showing that it is consistent with the quantum
statistical relation.Comment: Typos corrected and references update
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