21,139 research outputs found
Status of CMS and preparations for first physics
The status of the CMS experiment is described. After a brief review of the
detector design and a short overview of the first 5 years of assembly, the
focus of this presentation will be the parallel activities of completing and
commissioning over the last 2 years and the readiness of CMS for the exciting
prospect of first LHC operation.Comment: ICHEP08, Philadelphia, USA, July 2008. 9 page
hagis, an R Package Resource for Pathotype Analysis of Phytophthora sojae Populations Causing Stem and Root Rot of Soybean
Phytophthora sojae is a significant pathogen of soybean worldwide. Pathotype surveys for Phytophthora sojae are conducted to monitor resistance gene efficacy and determine if new resistance genes are needed. Valuable measurements for pathotype analysis include the distribution of susceptible reactions, pathotype complexity, pathotype frequency, and diversity indices for pathotype distributions. Previously the Habgood-Gilmour Spreadsheet (HaGiS), written in Microsoft Excel, was used for data analysis. However, the growing popularity of the R programming language in plant pathology and desire for reproducible research made HaGiS a prime candidate for conversion into an R package. Here we report on the development and use of an R package, hagis, that can be used to produce all outputs from the HaGiS Excel sheet for P. sojae or other gene-for-gene pathosystem studies
Thermodynamic structure of the stratocumulus-capped boundary layer on 7 July, 1987
As part of project First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE), a mission was carried out on 7 July 1987 to study the thermodynamic structure of a boundary layer which is in transition from a clear to a cloudy state. The National Center for Aeronautical Research (NCAR) Electra flew a pattern in tight coordination with the NASA ER-2 aircraft near 122 West, 31.6 North off the coast of California. A description is given here of the thermodynamic structure. The purpose is to derive the entrainment rate and the fluxes of the thermodynamic variables. To this end researchers represent the data in conserved variable diagrams
Math Girl Solves the Pattern
During COVID-19 isolation, Dr. Jennifer Austin and her seven-year-old daughter Zoe co-authored the short story Math Girl Solves the Pattern. Here we meet the superheroine Math Girl and her nemesis Minus Girl. Math Girl is observant, curious, and creative. Houses, balls, and sailboats are disappearing! The mystery must be solved. Persevering Math Girl saves the day
A Beta-Beta Achievability Bound with Applications
A channel coding achievability bound expressed in terms of the ratio between
two Neyman-Pearson functions is proposed. This bound is the dual of a
converse bound established earlier by Polyanskiy and Verd\'{u} (2014). The new
bound turns out to simplify considerably the analysis in situations where the
channel output distribution is not a product distribution, for example due to a
cost constraint or a structural constraint (such as orthogonality or constant
composition) on the channel inputs. Connections to existing bounds in the
literature are discussed. The bound is then used to derive 1) an achievability
bound on the channel dispersion of additive non-Gaussian noise channels with
random Gaussian codebooks, 2) the channel dispersion of the exponential-noise
channel, 3) a second-order expansion for the minimum energy per bit of an AWGN
channel, and 4) a lower bound on the maximum coding rate of a multiple-input
multiple-output Rayleigh-fading channel with perfect channel state information
at the receiver, which is the tightest known achievability result.Comment: extended version of a paper submitted to ISIT 201
How Will Tobacco Farmers Respond to the Quota Buyout? Findings from a Survey of North Carolina Tobacco Farmers
The tobacco quota buyout is expected to have significant impacts on U.S. tobacco markets, farmers, tobacco-dependent communities, and public health. Using data from four surveys of a panel of North Carolina tobacco farmers conducted between 1997 and 2004, we investigate changing farmer attitudes towards and intentions following a quota buyout.Crop Production/Industries,
Beta-Beta Bounds: Finite-Blocklength Analog of the Golden Formula
It is well known that the mutual information between two random variables can
be expressed as the difference of two relative entropies that depend on an
auxiliary distribution, a relation sometimes referred to as the golden formula.
This paper is concerned with a finite-blocklength extension of this relation.
This extension consists of two elements: 1) a finite-blocklength channel-coding
converse bound by Polyanskiy and Verd\'{u} (2014), which involves the ratio of
two Neyman-Pearson functions (beta-beta converse bound); and 2) a novel
beta-beta channel-coding achievability bound, expressed again as the ratio of
two Neyman-Pearson functions.
To demonstrate the usefulness of this finite-blocklength extension of the
golden formula, the beta-beta achievability and converse bounds are used to
obtain a finite-blocklength extension of Verd\'{u}'s (2002) wideband-slope
approximation. The proof parallels the derivation of the latter, with the
beta-beta bounds used in place of the golden formula.
The beta-beta (achievability) bound is also shown to be useful in cases where
the capacity-achieving output distribution is not a product distribution due
to, e.g., a cost constraint or structural constraints on the codebook, such as
orthogonality or constant composition. As an example, the bound is used to
characterize the channel dispersion of the additive exponential-noise channel
and to obtain a finite-blocklength achievability bound (the tightest to date)
for multiple-input multiple-output Rayleigh-fading channels with perfect
channel state information at the receiver.Comment: to appear in IEEE Transactions on Information Theor
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Lamina-specific AMPA receptor dynamics following visual deprivation in vivo.
Regulation of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) expression is central to synaptic plasticity and brain function, but how these changes occur in vivo remains elusive. Here, we developed a method to longitudinally monitor the expression of synaptic AMPARs across multiple cortical layers in awake mice using two-photon imaging. We observed that baseline AMPAR expression in individual spines is highly dynamic with more dynamics in primary visual cortex (V1) layer 2/3 (L2/3) neurons than V1 L5 neurons. Visual deprivation through binocular enucleation induces a synapse-specific and depth-dependent change of synaptic AMPARs in V1 L2/3 neurons, wherein deep synapses are potentiated more than superficial synapses. The increase is specific to L2/3 neurons and absent on apical dendrites of L5 neurons, and is dependent on expression of the AMPAR-binding protein GRIP1. Our study demonstrates that specific neuronal connections, across cortical layers and even within individual neurons, respond uniquely to changes in sensory experience
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