Water exploitation of Karoon River for fish culturing through monitoring and simulation systems

Heavy metal pollution dispersion simulation in rivers and predicting spatial and temporal variations of pollutants can be used to determine the precise place and to schedule water withdrawal time for drinking, agriculture, aquaculture and ecosystem studies. To study the movement of heavy metal pollution through Karoon flow model, MIKE 11 was employed for simulation of the flow model of Karoon River as well as heavy metal moving. The model was run for lead along the 214 km of Karoon River from Ahwaz to Darkhvein. The input data used for this model were river morphology parameters, statistical data of water flow and water contamination. The output of the model conformed to real data collected from different locations along the River. It was concluded that Karoon River water exploitation for fish culturing (e.g., salmon culture) should be at least 40 km far from Ahwaz (close to Bayoz City) from July to December and 20 km for the rest of the year

Critical care management of severe traumatic brain injury in adults

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major medical and socio-economic problem, and is the leading cause of death in children and young adults. The critical care management of severe TBI is largely derived from the "Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury" that have been published by the Brain Trauma Foundation. The main objectives are prevention and treatment of intracranial hypertension and secondary brain insults, preservation of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and optimization of cerebral oxygenation. In this review, the critical care management of severe TBI will be discussed with focus on monitoring, avoidance and minimization of secondary brain insults, and optimization of cerebral oxygenation and CPP

SDS PAGE OF WHOLE CELL PROTEIN, IMMUNOBLOTTING AND PROTEIN A ASSAY FOR TYPING OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED ON DOGS AND CATS

A total of 36 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from hospitalised and out patient dogs and cats were typed using SDS PAGE of whole cell protein, immunoblotting and protein A assayment by ELISA test. 15/24 and 14/24 profiles were recognised using SDS PAGE and immunoblotting respectively. It is concluded that SDS PAGE of whole cell protein and immunoblotting could be used as a typing methods for the characterisation of S. aureus strains. Protein A assayment could be used for the detection of S. aureus strains in samples but could not be used to differentiate between different strains. &nbsp

A novel vacuum ultra violet lamp for metastable rare gas experiments

We report on a new design of a vacuum ultra violet (VUV) lamp for direct optical excitation of high laying atomic states e.g. for excitation of metastable rare gas atoms. The lamp can be directly mounted to ultra high vacuum vessels (p <= 10^(-10) mbar). It is driven by a 2.45 GHz microwave source. For optimum operation it requires powers of approximately 20 W. The VUV light is transmitted through a magnesium fluoride window, which is known to have a decreasing transmittance for VUV photons with time. In our special setup, after a run-time of the VUV lamp of 550 h the detected signal continuously decreased to 25 % of its initial value. This corresponds to a lifetime increase of two orders of magnitude compared to previous setups or commercial lamps

Groundwater chemistry, storage and dynamics in parts of Jigawa Central, Northwestern Nigeria

The Sedimentary (Chad formation) and Basement complex rocks in parts of Jigawa State were investigated for groundwater suitability for drinking, efficiency in water transmission and storage using aquifer properties derived from pumping test data using the Cooper and Jacob straight line method for single well tests. The mean values of transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and Specific capacity recorded for the area are 4.06×10-2m2/s, 4.52×10-3 m/s and 1.30×10-1m2 s/m, respectively. Boreholes yield ranges between 0.20 to 1.5 l/s with an average of 0.9 l/s, while drawdown ranges from 3.39 to 22.90 m. The low values computed for these aquifer properties indicates the inefficiency and poor performance of the aquifer in the area as far as groundwater potentials and transmission are concern. This can also be attributed to the poor porosity and permeability of the parent rock from which the aquifer material were derived especially for the basement complex aquifers (weathered/fractured rocks), and the shallowness of the wells which terminate in Clayey sand or Silty aquifers with low yield. Other possible reasons include poor borehole design and the use of feldsphatic materials as gravel pack which weathers into clay over time. However, the yields can support handpump equipped wells. The water analysis revealed water of low dissolved salt and hardness that are within the recommended limit set by WHO and NIS for drinking.Keywords: Aquifer performance, Efficiency, Hydraulic properties, Water quality, Chad formatio

The Effects of Seasons, Age of the Animal and Storage Time on Physical Properties of Camel’s Meat (Camelus Dromedarius

&nbsp;&nbsp; The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age of the animal and storage time on the physical properties of camel’s meat in autumn, summer and winter seasons. A total number of 135 meat samples from camels ranged between 1-9 years age were chosen. The samples were analysed for pH, water holding capacity, oxidative rancidity and color determination. The ultimate pH and water holding capacity showed a significant difference (p &gt;0.05) in different seasons and storage periods. The rancidity and color determination of meat showed significant difference (p &gt;0.05) in different seasons, different storage period and different age of the animals. The study concluded: those different seasons had a significant effect on the quality of camel’s meat, due to its effect on pH and water holding capacity. Age of the animals had a significant effect on water holding capacity, rancidity and colour, but it had no significant effect on pH. The storage period had a significant effect on the oxidative rancidity and colour that affect the shelf life of meat.&nbsp

Viability and pathogenicity of Rhynchosporium secalis after long-term storage

Long-term storage of Rhynchosporium secalis cultures is a challenge for any lab managing a working collection of isolates. In this work, the viability and pathogenicity of R. secalis stock cultures were tested after four years of storage at −20 °C in different concentrations of glycerol. Germinability were measured after each storage by collecting spores by coverslips and placing them on water agar in closed Petri dishes at 20–22 °C in the dark and allowed to germinate for 24 h. Additionally, at the end of each storage treatment, conidia were collected by coverslips from sporulated leaf lesions of symptomatic barley leaves and placed under similar conditions as non-stored controls. Cultures of all stored isolates were viable with a spore germination rate of 72.28% (Rs22) after four years of storage at −20 °C in 60% glycerol. Low viability and contamination were observed when spores were stored in sterile distilled water and in Lima bean agar. All isolates continued to infect barley leaves after 4 years of storage. However, the pathogenicity was significantly (P <0.05) reduced in isolates stored in glycerol as compared with controls. This work helps to preserve R. secalis for a long term period at −20 °C without any contamination; therefore, due to the low costs our results could be applicable for laboratories that have limited resources