On the efficient numerical solution of lattice systems with low-order couplings

We apply the Quasi Monte Carlo (QMC) and recursive numerical integration methods to evaluate the Euclidean, discretized time path-integral for the quantum mechanical anharmonic oscillator and a topological quantum mechanical rotor model. For the anharmonic oscillator both methods outperform standard Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods and show a significantly improved error scaling. For the quantum mechanical rotor we could, however, not find a successful way employing QMC. On the other hand, the recursive numerical integration method works extremely well for this model and shows an at least exponentially fast error scaling

The 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake (M_w 7.8) and the tsunami hazard presented by shallow megathrust ruptures

The 25 October 2010 Mentawai, Indonesia earthquake (M_w 7.8) ruptured the shallow portion of the subduction zone seaward of the Mentawai islands, off-shore of Sumatra, generating 3 to 9 m tsunami run-up along southwestern coasts of the Pagai Islands that took at least 431 lives. Analyses of teleseismic P, SH and Rayleigh waves for finite-fault source rupture characteristics indicate ∼90 s rupture duration with a low rupture velocity of ∼1.5 km/s on the 10° dipping megathrust, with total slip of 2–4 m over an ∼100 km long source region. The seismic moment-scaled energy release is 1.4 × 10^(−6), lower than 2.4 × 10^(−6) found for the 17 July 2006 Java tsunami earthquake (M_w 7.8). The Mentawai event ruptured up-dip of the slip region of the 12 September 2007 Kepulauan earthquake (M_w 7.9), and together with the 4 January 1907 (M 7.6) tsunami earthquake located seaward of Simeulue Island to the northwest along the arc, demonstrates the significant tsunami generation potential for shallow megathrust ruptures in regions up-dip of great underthrusting events in Indonesia and elsewhere

Household food insecurity positively associated with increased hospital charges for infants

Objective: To test whether household food insecurity (HFI) was associated with total annual hospitalization charges, annual days hospitalized, and charges per day, among low-income infants (months) with any non-neonatal hospital stays. Methods: Administrative inpatient hospital charge data were matched to survey data from infants\u27 caregivers interviewed 1998-2005 in emergency departments in Boston and Little Rock. All study infants had been hospitalized at least once since birth; infants whose diagnoses were not plausibly related to nutrition were excluded from both groups. Log-transformed hospitalization charges were analyzed, controlling for site fixed effects. Results: 24% of infants from food-insecure households and 16% from food-secure households were hospitalized \u3e2 times (P=0.02). Mean annual inpatient hospital charges ($6,707 vs$5,735; P Conclusion: HFI was positively associated with annual inpatient charges among hospitalized low income infants. Average annual inpatient charges were almost $2,000 higher (inflation adjusted) for infants living in food-insecure households. Reducing or eliminating food insecurity could reduce health services utilization and expenditures for infants in low-income families, most of whom are covered by public health insurance

Doped two orbital chains with strong Hund's rule couplings - ferromagnetism, spin gap, singlet and triplet pairings

Different models for doping of two-orbital chains with mobile $S=1/2$ fermions and strong, ferromagnetic (FM) Hund's rule couplings stabilizing the S=1 spins are investigated by density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) methods. The competition between antiferromagnetic (AF) and FM order leads to a rich phase diagram with a narrow FM region for weak AF couplings and strongly enhanced triplet pairing correlations. Without a level difference between the orbitals, the spin gap persists upon doping, whereas gapless spin excitations are generated by interactions among itinerant polarons in the presence of a level difference. In the charge sector we find dominant singlet pairing correlations without a level difference, whereas upon the inclusion of a Coulomb repulsion between the orbitals or with a level difference, charge density wave (CDW) correlations decay slowest. The string correlation functions remain finite upon doping for all models.Comment: 9pages, 9figure

Efficiency of symmetric targeting for finite-T DMRG

Two targeting schemes have been known for the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) applied to non-Hermitian problems; one uses an asymmetric density matrix and the other uses symmetric density matrix. We compare the numerical efficiency of these two targeting schemes when they are used for the finite temperature DMRG.Comment: 4 pages, 3 Postscript figures, REVTe

Determination of the activity of the ⁵¹Cr- neutrino - source for the GALLEX experiment

Bestimmung der Aktivität der 51Cr-Neutrinoquelle für das GALLEX-Experiment Es wurde ein Funktionstest des Gesamt-GALLEX-Experiments zur Messung der Son-nenneutrinos mit einer künstlichen Neutrinoquelle aus 51Cr durchgeführt. Eine sehr hohe Aktivität dieses Radionuklids wurde durch Neutronenaktivierung von 35.6 kg metalli-schen Chroms, das zu 38.6% an 50Cr angereichert war, erhalten. Es zerfällt durch Elek-troneneinfang mit einer Halbwertszeit von 27.7 Tagen und emittiert dabei Neutrinos mit Energien, die denen der Sonne vergleichbar sind. Für diesen Funktionstest, der zweimal durchgeführt wurde, muß die Aktivität der 51Cr-Quelle so genau wie möglich bekannt sein. Die Aktivitätsbestimmung wurde von mehre-ren Gruppen der GALLEX-Kollaboration unabhängig voneinander mit verschiedenen Methoden durchgeführt. Im FzK kamen zwei Methoden zur Anwendung: Auflösung des bestrahlten Chrom-Metalls in 3 M Schwefelsäure und einmal -Spektrometrie der 320 keV-Linie des 51Cr, sowie, nach fast vollständigem Zerfall des 51Cr, Bestimmung von 51V, dem stabilen Zerfallsprodukt von 51Cr, mittels ICP-AES (Atom-Emissionsspektro-skopie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma) und AAS (Atom-Absorptionsspektroskopie). Diese Methoden werden beschrieben. Die Genauigkeit der -Spektrometrie (1.5%) ist etwas besser als die der Atomspektro-skopie (3.0%). Die Aktivität der zweiten Quelle ergab sich mit 70.6 PBq um 8.5% höher als die der ersten Quelle (64.6 PBq) (Mittel aus 51Cr- und V-Bestimmungen). Die Ergeb-nisse werden diskutiert

Continuous-Time Quantum Monte Carlo Algorithm for the Lattice Polaron

An efficient continuous-time path-integral Quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for the lattice polaron is presented. It is based on Feynman's integration of phonons and subsequent simulation of the resulting single-particle self-interacting system. The method is free from the finite-size and finite-time-step errors and works in any dimensionality and for any range of electron-phonon interaction. The ground-state energy and effective mass of the polaron are calculated for several models. The polaron spectrum can be measured directly by Monte Carlo, which is of general interest.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, published versio

Mantle Transition Zone Discontinuities beneath the Contiguous United States

Using over 310,000 high-quality radial receiver functions recorded by the USArray and other seismic stations in the contiguous United States, the depths of the 410 km and 660 km discontinuities (d410 and d660) are mapped in over 1,000 consecutive overlapping circles with a radius of 1⁰. The average mantle transition zone (MTZ) thickness for both the western and central/eastern U.S. is within 3 km from the global average of 250 km, suggesting an overall normal MTZ temperature beneath both areas. The Pacific Coast Ranges and the southern Basin and Range Province are underlain by a depressed d410, indicating higher-than-normal temperature in the upper MTZ. The proposed Yellowstone and Raton hot spots are not associated with clear undulations of the MTZ discontinuities, but d410 beneath another proposed hot spot, Bermuda, is depressed significantly and d660 has a normal depth. Low-temperature regions are found in the upper MTZ associated with the subducted Juan de Fuca slab beneath the northern Rocky Mountains and in two circular areas beneath the northern Basin and Range Province and the southern Colorado Plateau. Part of the Great Plains is characterized by a depressed d660. This observation, when combined with results from seismic tomography, suggests the existence of a cold region in the lower MTZ, probably associated with subducted Farallon slab segments