Synthesis of Crown Ethers & Stereochemistry of 1, 4-Ditertiarybutyl-1, 4-Dihydronaphthalene

A. Cyclization of ethylene oxide in the presence of transition metal salts was studied. Several reactions with different catalysts were tried and some of these reactions produced compounds which show only one sharp singlet in their NMR spectra. These products were also soluble in benzene. The solubility of potassium permanganate in this mixture suggests the presence of cyclic polyethers. In spite of the above observations, all attempts to liberate cyclic ethers from their metal complexes were unsuccessful. B. In the second project, the stereochemistry of 1,4-ditertiarybuty1- 1,4-dihydronaphthalene was elucidated using 1H and 13C NMR. For this purpose, other naphthalene and anthracene systems were used as model compounds. For cases in which no model systems were available, the angular dependence of coupling constants was used to estimate the coupling constants. The LAOCOON III computer program was implemented to produce the observed spectrum. It was determined that the dihydrobenzene ring in this molecule is nearly planar

Učinak četiriju ljekovitih biljaka na proizvodnju, biokemijske pokazatelje u krvi i ilealnu mikrofloru u tovnih pilića.

This study was conducted with broilers to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of four medicinal plants on the performance, blood lipids and microflora population in the ileum. Three hundred and thirty-six dayold Ross broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized study with 6 treatments and 4 replicates each. The diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous and contained 15, 3, 2 and 2 g/kg of dried cumin, peppermint, yarrow and poley herbs, respectively. Two dietary treatments were considered the negative (containing no medicinal plant or antibiotic) and positive (containing Flavomycin at 0.4 g/kg) control groups. Flavomycin and peppermint supplementation to the diet increased the FI and BWG of the broiler chickens compared to the control (P<0.01). Dietary Flavomycin significantly increased body weight gain (BWG) in contrast to the other dietary treatments (P<0.05). Peppermint and cumin supplementation to the diet increased the BWG of the broiler chickens, whereas dietary poley and yarrow significantly reduced the BWG and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) when compared with broilers fed the negative control diet (P<0.05). Dietary Flavomycin and peppermint increased the concentration of triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol in serum (P<0.05). Addition of Flavomycin or peppermint to the diet significantly reduced the ileal Bifidobacteria and Clostridia (P<0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, peppermint improved growth performance and adding it to the diet could be an alternative to the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry production.Istraživanje je poduzeto s ciljem da se procijene učinci dodatka u hranu četiriju biljaka od medicinskog značenja na proizvodnju, sadržaj lipida u krvi i mikrofloru u ileumu. U pokus je bilo uzeto 336 jednodnevnih tovnih pilića linije Ross, nasumce raspoređenih, od kojih je svaki prošao šest tretmana s četiri ponavljanja. Hrana je bila jednake kalorične vrijednosti i dušičnog sastava, a sadržavala je 15 g/kg suhog kumina, 3 g/kg peperminta, 2 g/kg stolisnika i 2 g/kg biljke dubačac. Dva pripravka hrane smatrana su negativnima (nisusadržavala ljekovito bilje ili antibiotike) i pozitivnima (sadržavali su flavomicin 0,4 g/kg). Dodatak flavomicina i peperminta hrani povećao je unos hrane i prirast tjelesne mase tovnih pilića u usporedbi s kontrolom (P<0,01). Dodatak flavomicina značajno je povećao prirast tjelesne mase u odnosu na dodatak drugih biljaka (P<0,05). Dodatkom peperminta i kumina u hranu također se povećala tjelesna masa tovnih pilića, dok su dubačac i stolisnik značajno smanjili tjelesnu masu i povećali omjer konverzije hrane u usporedbi s kontrolnim pilićima (P<0,05). Flavocin i pepermint u hrani povećali su koncentraciju triglicerida, lipoproteina niske gustoće i ukupnog kolesterola u serumu (P<0,05). Dodavanje flavocina ili peperminta u hranu, značajno je smanjilo količinu ilealnih Bifidobacteria i Clostridia (P<0,05). Može se zaključiti da je pepermint pojačao rast tovnih pilića te da njegovo dodavanje hrani može biti zamjena za antibiotike kao promotore rasta u proizvodnji peradi

Design and Construction of Zana Robot for Modeling Human Player in Rock-paper-scissors Game using Multilayer Perceptron, Radial basis Functions and Markov Algorithms

In this paper, the implementation of artificial neural networks (multilayer perceptron [MLP] and radial base functions [RBF]) and the upgraded Markov chain model have been studied and performed to identify the human behavior patterns during rock, paper, and scissors game. The main motivation of this research is the design and construction of an intelligent robot with the ability to defeat a human opponent. MATLAB software has been used to implement intelligent algorithms. After implementing the algorithms, their effectiveness in detecting human behavior pattern has been investigated. To ensure the ideal performance of the implemented model, each player played with the desired algorithms in three different stages. The results showed that the percentage of winning computer with MLP and RBF neural networks and upgraded Markov model, on average in men and women is 59%, 76.66%, and 75%, respectively. Obtained results clearly indicate a very good performance of the RBF neural network and the upgraded Markov model in the mental modeling of the human opponent in the game of rock, paper, and scissors. In the end, the designed game has been employed in both hardware and software which include the Zana intelligent robot and a digital version with a graphical user interface design on the stand. To the best knowledge of the authors, the precision of novel presented method for determining human behavior patterns was the highest precision among all of the previous studies

Landslide Risk Assessment by Using a New Combination Model Based on a Fuzzy Inference System Method

Landslides are one of the most dangerous phenomena that pose widespread damage to property and human lives. Over the recent decades, a large number of models have been developed for landslide risk assessment to prevent the natural hazards. These models provide a systematic approach to assess the risk value of a typical landslide. However, often models only utilize the numerical data to formulate a problem of landslide risk assessment and neglect the valuable information provided by experts’ opinion. This leads to an inherent uncertainty in the process of modelling. On the other hand, fuzzy inference systems are among the most powerful techniques in handling the inherent uncertainty. This paper develops a powerful model based on fuzzy inference system that uses both numerical data and subjective information to formulate the landslide risk more reliable and accurate. The results show that the proposed model is capable of assessing the landslide risk index. Likewise, the performance of the proposed model is better in comparison with that of the conventional techniques

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three genomic nomenclature systems to all sequence data from the World Health Organization European Region available until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation, compare the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2

Psychometric properties of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to be applied for the Iranian elder population

Introduction: The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) is a self-administered questionnaire to screen and detect individuals with a diagnosable psychiatric disorder. This study was designed to validate the Persian translated version of the short 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) for use with the Iranian elder population. Method: A forward�backward translation method was performed to ensure the quality of the English to Persian translation. A sample of 300 Iranian elder (60 years and over) people was selected from locations known to be frequented by older adults residing in three cities in Iran. Factor of the GHQ-12 was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency and test�retest reliability were measured by estimating the Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman correlation coefficients, respectively. Results: The study participants included 157 (52.3%) men and 143(47.7%) women with an average age of 66.5 years (SD D 5.5). Cronbach’s alpha for Social dysfunction, psychological distress and overall score were 0.80, 0.78 and 0.82, respectively. The test�retest correlation coefficients among two subscales of the GHQ-12 as well as the overall scores ranged from 0.84 to 0.93. CFA revealed a good fit for a modified 12-item two-factor structure. Conclusion: The Persian version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable for measuring general health of Persian speaking elderly populations

Experimental and thermomechanical analysis of friction stir welding of poly(methyl methacrylate) sheets

<p>In the present work, the feasibility of friction stir welding (FSW) of poly(methyl methacrylate) sheets was studied experimentally and theoretically by employing thermomechanical simulations. The effect of processing parameters including tool plunge depth, tilt angle, tool rotational speed (<i>w</i>), and transverse velocity (<i>v</i>) was investigated to determine suitable conditions to attain sound and defect-free joints. It is shown that a low tool plunge depth of 0.2 mm and a tilt angle of 2° provide suitable material flow to gain sound joints. By controlling the heat input into stir zone by increasing the tool rotational speed and decreasing linear velocity, the formation of defects can be minimised. Mechanical examinations in both longitudinal (LS) and transverse (TS) directions indicate that the highest joint strength of 57 MPa (for LS) and 42 MPa (for TS) are obtained at processing conditions of <i>w</i> = 25 mm min⁻¹ and <i>v</i> = 1600 rev min⁻¹. The measured tensile strengths are 81 and 60% of the base polymer, respectively.</p