Inequality and Procedural Justice in Social Dilemmas

This study investigates the influence of resource inequality and the fairness of the allocation procedure of unequal resources on cooperative behavior in social dilemmas. We propose a simple formal behavioral model that incorporates conflicting selfish and social motivations. This model allows us to predict how inequality influences cooperative behavior. Allocation of resources is manipulated by three treatments that vary in terms of procedural justice: allocating resources randomly, based on merit, and based on ascription. As predicted, procedural justice influences cooperation significantly. Moreover, gender is found to be an important factor interacting with the association between procedural justice and cooperative behavior.

Further analysis of burkholderia pseudomallei mf2 and identification of putative dehalogenase gene by pcr

Halogenated organic compounds are extensively and widely used as pesticides, herbicides, and antibiotics that contribute to the pollution. This research was aimed to further analyze and characterize a bacterium that has the ability to utilize 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (2,2-DCP) as a model to study dehalogenase enzyme production. Microscopic observation, biochemical tests and PCR technique were carried out in order to characterize the isolated bacterium. Strain MF2 showed its ability to grow on 10 mM 2,2-DCP liquid minimal medium with doubling time of 13 h with maximum chloride ion released of 19.8 μmolCl–/mL. The 16S rDNA analysis suggested that strain MF2 belongs to the genus Burkholderia. This was supported by the microscopic observation and biochemical tests. Dehalogenase gene was observed when using only primers dehIfor1 and dehIrev2 derived from group I deh PCR primer sequences, whereas no amplification using dhlB-314-forward and dhlB-637-reverse (group II dehalogenase) and haloacetate dehalogenase (H2-1157-forward and H2-1662-reverse) PCR primer sequences. The results suggested that, possibly, dehalogenase from MF2 was related to group I deh. In conclusion, strain MF2 showed the ability to utilize 2,2-DCP as sole source of carbon and energy. Further analysis revealed the MF2 strain consisted of dehalogenase gene that could be used for degradation of man-made halogenated compounds present in the environment. Using existing dehalogenase PCR primers, it was possible to amplify the dehalogenase genes sequence

Myeloperoxidase enzyme levels and oxidative stress in bipolar disorders

Oxidative stress and generalized inflammatory state are features of bipolar disorders (BD). The objective of this study was to compare the levels of products of inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress markers in patients with bipolar disorders and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to determine the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation in bipolar disorders. ADHD+BD (n = 30) and BD (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30) were enrolled. A clinical evaluation andmeasurements of malondialdehyde (MDA), high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were performed. Patients with BD+ADHD comorbidity had significantly higher mean MPO levels than BD. Patients with BD had significantly higher mean hsCRP levels than healthy controls. However, there was no significant difference in mean serum hsCRP levels between patients with BD+ADHD and healthy controls. Patients with BD and BD+ADHD had significantly higher mean MDA levels than healthy controls. Our data showed that there is an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress which is strongly related to the serum levels of MDA produced in the serum. hsCRP levels were higher in BD patients than in BD+ADHD and this is suggestive of a higher degree of inflammatory activity in BD patients. ADHD+BD comorbidity seems to augment oxidative stress which is expressed as increased MPO level in the present study. Further large scale studies are needed to extend ourresults

The 'four principles of bioethics' as found in 13(th) century Muslim scholar Mawlana's teachings

BACKGROUND: There have been different ethical approaches to the issues in the history of philosophy. Two American philosophers Beachump and Childress formulated some ethical principles namely 'respect to autonomy', 'justice', 'beneficence' and 'non-maleficence'. These 'Four Principles' were presented by the authors as universal and applicable to any culture and society. Mawlana, a great figure in Sufi tradition, had written many books which not only guide people how to worship God to be close to Him, but also advise people how to lead a good life to enrich their personality, as well as to create a harmonious society and a peaceful world. METHODS: In this study we examined the major works of Mawlana to find out which of these 'Four Principles of Bioethics' exist in Mawlana's ethical understanding. RESULTS: We have found in our study that all these principles exist in Mawlana's writings and philosophy in one form or another. CONCLUSIONS: We have concluded that, further to Beachump and Childress' claim that these principles are universal and applicable to any culture and society, these principles have always existed in different moral traditions in different ways, of which Mawlana's teaching might be presented as a good example

Cardamine Occulta: A New Weed and Alien Plant Species in Banana Production Greenhouses in Türkiye

Banana is a cash crop in Mediterranean Region of Türkiye, which is grown mainly in greenhouses and open fields. In weed flora surveys carried out in 2021 and 2022, an Eastern Asian plant, Cardamine occulta Hornem. (Brassicaceae), was determined first time in 60% of banana greenhouses in Türkiye. The species had been recorded in Europe in the second half of the 20th century, and then spread especially in urban areas of many European countries and Mediterranean Basin, which implies many habitats in Türkiye under the threat of C. occulta . The main diagnostic morphological features and an identification key are presented in comparison with those for allied C. flexuosa With. and C. hirsuta L. An eradication program is suggested because it is not scattered but limited with banana greenhouses in Türkiye

Negative Effects of Mobbing on Work Performance and Efficiency of Personnel Working in Public and Private Medical Institutions, An Applied Turkey Example,

The purpose of this study is to examine the negative effects of mobbing on work performance and efficiency, which is implemented on the personnel working in public and private medical institutions. A total of 2500 employees working in different branches of public and private medical institutions in Istanbul participated in the research. A two-part questionnaire was prepared for the participants. Data obtained from the research were put through reliability test and Cronbach Alpha coefficient was found 0.99. Data obtained were evaluated with t-test and one-way variance analysis, and significant differences were found with tukey test. Following the research, it has been concluded that mobbing affects the participants’ health negatively and this effect differentiates according to the demographic characteristics. Moreover, it has been found that mobbing has a negative effect on work performance and efficiency of the participants and this effect differs again according to the demographic characteristics

Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats

The protective action against oxidative stress of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) extract was investigated. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats using streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight). Throughout the experimental period (60 days), diabetic rats exhibited many symptoms including loss of body weight, hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, renal enlargement and renal dysfunction. Significant increase in malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation marker, was observed in diabetic kidney. This was accompanied by a significant increase in reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity and a decrease in catalase activity and in the total antioxidant capacity of the kidneys. Daily oral ingestion (1 g/kg body weight) of B. oleracea extract for 60 days reversed the adverse effect of diabetes in rats. B. oleracea extract lowered blood glucose levels and restored renal function and body weight loss. In addition, B. oleracea extract attenuated the adverse effect of diabetes on malondialdehyde, glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity as well as catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity of diabetic kidneys. In conclusion, the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic properties of B. oleracea extract may offer a potential therapeutic source for the treatment of diabetes