University Chronicle [April 2020]

St. Cloud State University student newspaper, volume 95, issue 7, April 2020https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/chron/1005/thumbnail.jp

Akute Otitis media: Einfluss der Pneumokokkenimpfung auf die Prävalenz

Zusammenfassung: Die Pneumokokkenimpfung mit Konjugatimpfstoff schützt vor invasiven und auch lokalen Infektionen, z. B. akuter Otitis media (AOM). In der Zulassungsstudie des 7-valenten Konjugatimpfstoffs (Prevenar®) wurde eine Schutzrate von 67% gegen AOM durch im Impfstoff enthaltene Pneumokokkenserotypen ermittelt. Gegenüber jeglicher AOM betrug sie 9%. Der Impfstoff ist neuerdings in der EU auch für die Indikation AOM zugelassen. Seit der Einführung des Pneumokokkenimpfprogramms in den USA im Jahr 2000 bei Kindern bis zum Alter von 2 Jahren liegen nunmehr auch Daten zur klinischen Effizienz vor. So war in einer repräsentativen Erhebung in den USA in den ersten Jahren nach Beginn des Programms ein Rückgang der ambulanten Behandlungen wegen AOM bei unter 2Jahre alten Kindern um 20% zu verzeichnen. Manche Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass dieser Rückgang mit einer relativen Zunahme von AOM durch nicht im Impfstoff enthaltene Serotypen einhergeht ("replacement"). Sorgfältige epidemiologische Untersuchungen begleitend zu Impfprogrammen sind erforderlich, um solche Entwicklungen erkennen zu könne

University Chronicle [August 2019]

St. Cloud State University student newspaper, volume 95, issue 1, August 2019https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/chron/1011/thumbnail.jp

Design and management of an orthopaedic bone bank in the Netherlands

The design and management of an orthopaedic bone bank is a complex process in which medical organisation and legislation intertwine. Neither in the Netherlands, nor in any other European country, there are official guidelines for the organisation and management of an orthopaedic bone bank. In the Netherlands, the recently modified ‘law of security and quality for using human materials’ (WVKL) dictates requirements for technical and organisational aspects for the use of human tissue and cells. The bone bank procedures include a thorough questionnaire for donor selection, extensive serological, bacteriological and histopathological examination, as well as standard procedures for registration, processing, preservation, storage and distribution of bone allografts. This article describes the organisation of an accredited bone bank and can be used as a proposition for an official guideline or can be useful as an example for other orthopaedic bone banks in Europe

Review of effectiveness of live attenuated influenza vaccine

Presentations February 2018 Day 1Publication date from document properties./flu-06-Grohskopf-508.pdf201

Uma revisão sobre interações tróficas e suas implicações para o controle biológico de artrópodes pragas em agroecossistemas

In the last four decades there has been considerable interest in understanding the role of food web dynamics in the maintenance of plant productivity in ecosystems. This topic is particularly important in agroecosystems where the attack of erbivores can reduce plant productivity and cause severe economic damage to crops. The hypothesis that natural enemies indirectly regulate plant productivity through the suppression of herbivore populations (top-down control or trophic cascade hypothesis) has been the classical framework for biological control practitioners and ecologists interested in this topic. This hypothesis has proven to be controversial because empirical evidence shows that interspecific interactions among natural enemies in the third trophic level disrupt the top-down effects responsible for the suppression of herbivores and for the indirect benefits to plant productivity. Intraguild predation (IGP) is an important ecological process that can potentially dampen top-down control and contribute to reduce plant productivity due to the attack of unsuppressed herbivores. Thus, when aiming at the development of biological control programs with multiple species of natural enemies in the third or upper trophic levels, researchers must screen for some desirable traits of competing natural enemies. When both predators and parasitoids are present, predators are desirable in the system only if they do not eat parasitized hosts, which would disrupt parasitoid populations. When only predators are present, biological traits like mobility, body size, foraging strategy, level of diet specialization and species assemblage composition should be carefully investigated. These biological traits are related to the prevalence and intensity of IGP, to the choice and number of species to use in the program and to the choice of developmental stages to be introduced into crop fields. Observating these parameters and decision criteria may be crucial for the success of biological control programs.Nas últimas quatro décadas, tem havido um considerável interesse em compreender o papel da dinâmica de cadeias tróficas na manutenção da produtividade primária de plantas. Este tópico é particularmente importante em agroecossistemas, onde o ataque de herbívoros pode reduzir a produtividade e causar severas perdas econômicas. A hipótese de que inimigos naturais regulam indiretamente a produtividade das plantas através da supressão das populações de herbívoros (controle top-down ou hipótese das cascatas tróficas) tem sido a abordagem clássica utilizada por usuários do controle biológico e ecólogos interessados neste tema. Esta hipótese tem se mostrado controversa, pois evidências empíricas demonstram que interações interespecíficas entre inimigos naturais no terceiro nível trófico podem romper o efeito topdown responsável pela supressão de herbívoros e pelos benefícios indiretos para a produtividade das plantas. A predação intraguilda é um processo ecológico importante que pode reduzir potencialmente o controle top-down e contribuem para reduzir a produtividade das plantas devido ao ataque dos herbívoros que escapam do controle dos inimigos naturais. Assim, quando se objetiva o desenvolvimento de programas de controle biológico com várias espécies de inimigos naturais no terceiro nível trófico, é importante escrutinar alguns atributos desejáveis de inimigos naturais que competem pelo mesmo recurso (uma praga alvo). Quando tanto predadores como parasitóides estão presentes, os predadores são desejáveis apenas se eles forem capazes de evitar alimentar-se de hospedeiros parasitados, a fim de que as populações de parasitóides não sejam reduzidas. Quando apenas predadores estão presentes, atributos como mobilidade, tamanho do corpo, estratégia de forrageamento, nível de especialização alimentar e composição das assembléias de espécies devem ser cuidadosamente investigados. Esses atributos biológicos estão relacionados à prevalência e intensidade da predação intraguilda, à escolha e número de espécies a serem usadas no programa e à escolha dos estágios de desenvolvimento dos inimigos naturais a serem liberados no campo. A observação desses parâmetros e dos critérios de decisão deve ser considerada crucial para o sucesso de programas de controle biológico

Prospective analysis of hip arthroscopy with 2-year follow-up.

Purpose: Numerous indications, but little outcome data, have been reported for hip arthroscopy. The purpose of this prospective study is to report the 2-year results of hip arthroscopy performed on a consecutive series of patients for a variety of disorders. Type of Study: Case series. Materials and Methods: There were 38 procedures performed on 35 patients who have achieved 2-year follow-up. All patients were assessed with a modified Harris hip score (pain and function) preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months or until a subsequent procedure was performed. Variables studied included age, sex, diagnosis, duration of symptoms, onset of symptoms, centeredge angle, Workers' Compensation, and pending litigation. Results: Follow-up was obtained on all patients. The median score improved from 57 to 85 points. This included 10 cases (9 patients) who underwent a subsequent procedure at an average of 10 months (6 total hip arthroplasty, 1 core decompression, 3 second arthroscopy) with an index score of 54 compared with 52 at the time of the second procedure. The median improvement for the following diagnoses was: loose body (34), labral lesion (27), synovitis (26), chondral injury (18), arthriti