Wagner, Hearing Loss and the Urban Soundscape of Late Nineteenth-Century Germany

On 4 July 1878, the inhabitants of New York City quietly celebrated the festive day, with ‘no public exhibitions of fire-works, and no fire-crackers’, based on the municipal decision ‘to exclude noise and bombast on holiday occasions … because the interminable din of city life operates as a silent and impalpable force’ in citizens’ lives

편측 및 양측 점막거상에 따르는 비중격 연골의 형태학적 및 조직학적 변화

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과, 2012. 8. 진홍률.서론 편측 및 양측 비중격 점막거상으로 인한 비중격 연골의 형태학적, 조직학적 변화를 연구하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 성숙한 수컷 가토 (New Zealand rabbit) 18마리를 술기에 따라 무작위로 편측 비중격 점막거상군, 양측 비중격 점막거상군, 아무 조작도 하지 않는 비교군의 세 그룹으로 나누었다. 각각의 그룹 중 3마리는 수술 3개월 뒤, 나머지 3마리는 6개월 뒤 희생시켰다. 비중격 연골의 형태를 관찰하고, 두께를 측정하였으며 H&E 염색, Massons trichrome 염색, Alcian blue 염색, Verhoeffs elastic 염색을 통해 조직학적 소견을 비교 분석하였다. 결과 비중격 연골의 모양과 두께는 세 군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 비중격 연골 내 연골세포의 수, 세포이상변화 (dystrophic change), 연골세포에 대한 연골모세포의 비율도 세 군간에 모두 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 반면 세포외 기질은 양측 점막거상을 시행한 군에서 연하게 염색되었고 특히 콜라젠 섬유 (collagen fiber)가 유의하게 부족하였다. 결론 양측 비중격 점막거상군은 편측 점막거상군과 비교하여 비중격 연골의 형태, 두께 및 연골 내 세포의 특성에는 영향을 미치지 않지만 콜라겐섬유의 감소를 가져온다.Introduction The effect of unilateral versus bilateral elevation of mucoperichondrium on the morphological and histological changes of septal cartilage was evaluated. Materials and methods Eighteen mature New Zealand white rabbits were categorized into three groups according to the procedures they received: unilateral mucoperichondrial flap elevation (N = 6) vs bilateral mucoperichondrial flap elevation (N = 6) vs control (no flap elevation, N = 6). In each group, half of the subjects were sacrificed 3 months after the procedure and the other half 6 months after the procedure. Thickness was measured on the optical microscope image and histologic changes of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix were evaluated using H&E stain, Massons trichrome stain, Alcian blue stain, and Verhoeffs elastic stain. Results The three groups showed similarity in terms of thickness of the cartilage. Histologic examination revealed that the chondrocyte numbers and dystrophic feature as well as the ratio of chondroblast were not different among the 3 groups. Massons trichrome staininng of extracellular matrix in bilateral group showed less dense collagen fibers than the unilateral group. Proteoglycan and elastic fiber composition did not differ among the 3 groups. Conclusion Bilateral mucoperichondrial flap elevation of the septum results in less dense collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix, although the thickness of cartilage, the characters of chondrocyte and chondroblast and other extracellular matrix component remain about the same.I. Introduction……………………………..……………...…….1 II. Materials and methods………………………….…...…….....4 Animal surgery……………………………….…………..4 Specimen Harvest………………………………….……..5 Preparation for histologic examination…………….……..6 Thickness of cartilage…………………………….………6 Histologic examination………………………….………..6 Statistical analysis……………………………….………..7 III. Results……………………………………………….……….8 Thickness of cartilage…………………………….………8 Histologic examination…………………………….……..8 1. Chondrocyte and chondroblast………………..……8 2. Extracellular matrix………………………………...9 IV. Discussion……………………………………….…….……..10 V. Conclusion……………………………………..…………….14 VI. References………………………………...………………….15 VII. 국문초록…………………………...…………………...........28Maste

A brief history of otorhinolaryngolgy: otology, laryngology and rhinology

Ears, nose and throat have intrigued humanity since immemorial times. Treatments for the larynx, the nose and the ear and also surgeries were practiced by Greek, Hindu and Byzantine doctors. In the 20th century clinical and surgical innovations were incorporated, thanks to new anesthesia techniques, antibiotics, radiology and new technologies. AIM AND METHOD: show the evolution of this science throughout the times, recognizing important persons in otology, rhinology and laryngology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Understanding the evolutions in clinical and surgical anatomy, physiology, treatment modalities, and the personalities that lead to these advances is of great importance for the evolution of medical science. Otorhinolaryngology has a very rich history, with important collaborators and personalities in the history of medicine. The specialty was one of the first to use local anesthesia for procedures, pioneer in treatments with devices that recouped hearing and the use of microscopes in surgeries. Few medical specialties had suffered as many changes and scientific developments in these last decades as Otorhinolaryngology had, with the advantage of incorporating technologies such as endoscopy, radiology, microsurgery and information technology.O nariz, a garganta e o ouvido intrigam a humanidade desde os períodos mais remotos. Tratamentos laringológicos, rinológicos e otológicos, além de cirurgias, já eram praticados por médicos gregos, hindus e bizantinos. No século XX inovações clínicas e cirúrgicas foram incorporadas graças às novas técnicas anestésicas, aos antibióticos, à radiologia e às novas tecnologias. OBJETIVO E MÉTODO: Mostrar a evolução desta ciência ao longo dos tempos, reconhecendo figuras importantes da otologia, rinologia e laringologia por revisão em literatura. RESULTADO E CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento das evoluções em anatomia, fisiologia, tratamentos clínicos e cirúrgicos, além das personalidades que conduziram a estes avanços é de grande importância para que a ciência médica evolua cada vez mais. A Otorrinolaringologia tem história muito rica, com importantes colaboradores e figuras de renome para a história da medicina. A especialidade foi uma das primeiras a utilizar anestesia local para realização de procedimentos, pioneira em tratamentos com próteses que recuperavam a audição e teve a primazia na utilização de microscópios em cirurgias. Poucas especialidades médicas sofreram tantas mudanças e desenvolvimentos científicos nestas últimas décadas quanto a Otorrinolaringologia que teve a vantagem de incorporar tecnologias na endoscopia, radiologia, microcirurgia e uso da informática.Hospital Prof. Edmundo VasconcelosHCFMUSPUNIFESPHospital Prof. Edmundo Vasconcelos Centro de Otorrinolaringologia de São PauloUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM)Hospital Professor Edmundo Vasconcelos Centro de Otorrinolaringologia de São Paulo Setor de Otorrinolaringologia PediátricaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL