Simple pulse counting circuit computes sum of squares

Pulse counting circuit with an extra chain of flip-flops, delay lines, and gates computes the sum of the squares of the pulse sequences. A pulse train and the sum of the squares of the pulses are simultaneously completed

Simple circuit performs binary addition and subtraction

Ripple adder reduces the number of logic circuits required to preform binary addition and subtraction. The adder uses dual input and delayed output flip-flops in one register. The contents of this register are summed with those of a standard register through conventional AND/gates

QSO 0130-4021: A third QSO showing a low Deuterium to Hydrogen Abundance Ratio

We have discovered a third quasar absorption system which is consistent with a low deuterium to hydrogen abundance ratio, D/H = 3.4 times 10^-5. The z ~ 2.8 partial Lyman limit system towards QSO 0130-4021 provides the strongest evidence to date against large D/H ratios because the H I absorption, which consists of a single high column density component with unsaturated high order Lyman series lines, is readily modeled -- a task which is more complex in other D/H systems. We have obtained twenty-two hours of spectra from the HIRES spectrograph on the W.M. Keck telescope, which allow a detailed description of the Hydrogen. We see excess absorption on the blue wing of the H I Lyman alpha line, near the expected position of Deuterium. However, we find that Deuterium cannot explain all of the excess absorption, and hence there must be contamination by additional absorption, probably H I. This extra H I can account for most or all of the absorption at the D position, and hence D/H = 0 is allowed. We find an upper limit of D/H < 6.7 times 10^-5 in this system, consistent with the value of D/H ~ 3.4 times 10^-5 deduced towards QSO 1009+2956 and QSO 1937-1009 by Burles and Tytler (1998a, 1998b). This absorption system shows only weak metal line absorption, and we estimate [Si/H] < -2.6 -- indicating that the D/H ratio of the system is likely primordial. All four of the known high redshift absorption line systems simple enough to provide useful limits on D are consistent with D/H = 3.4 +/- 0.25 times 10^-5. Conversely, this QSO provides the third case which is inconsistent with much larger values.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Ap

Evaluation of Heliconia for growth, flowering and flower yield

Heliconia is utilized as ornamental plants, usually being grown both as landscaping plants and as cut flowers, owing to colour and the longer durability of its floral bracts. Forty-one genotypes of Heliconia were evaluated for growth, flowering and flower yield. Significant variation was observed among genotypes for vegetative and floral characteristics. The results revealed that the maximum number of leaves per sucker was recorded in H. hirsuta followed by H. ‘Golden Torch Adrian’ and H. ‘GT Sunshine’, while, maximum plant height was recorded in varieties viz., H. caribea (459.33 cm) followed by H. ‘She’ (337.67 cm) and H. rauliniana upright (305.00 cm). However, maximum leaf length was observed in H. caribea (314.33 cm) followed by H. ‘She’ (203.67 cm) and Heliconia metallica (175.00 cm). Maximum sucker production was recorded in H. ‘Tropics’ followed by H. psittacorum ‘Petra’ and H. ‘Guyana’. Among the flowering traits, early flower initiation was recorded in Golden Torch (136.00 days) followed by Lady Di (152.00 days). The rachis length ranged from 72.67 cm (H. ‘Golden Torch’) to 10.00 cm (H. ‘Hirsuta’), however, longest spike was recorded in H. ‘rauliniana upright’ (131.33 cm) followed by H. rostrata ‘Parrots Beak’ (115.67 cm) and H. rostrata Ten Days (97.00 cm), whereas, shortest spike was recorded in H. bihai (9.33 cm)

MODIFIKASI MODEL VISIBILITAS KASTNER UNTUK BENDA LANGIT DI DEKAT MATAHARI DENGAN MODUS PENGAMATAN BERBANTUAN ALAT OPTIK

Modifikasi model visibilitas Kastner untuk benda langit di dekat Matahari telah dilakukan dengan menguji validitasnya pada kasus awal Ramadhan dan Syawal 1437 H serta tujuh kasus yang menjadi rekor dunia. Modifikasi dilakukan untuk memperoleh prediksi visibilitas hilal (Bulan sabit pertama yang dapat diamati pascakonjungsi setelah terbenamnya Matahari) dalam modus pengamatan dengan mata telanjang maupun dengan bantuan alat optik. Modifikasi dilakukan pada kecerahan langit senja dengan menggunakan algoritma Schaefer yang menyertakan faktor fisiologis, lokasi pengamatan dan meteorologi terhadap efek glare untuk pengamatan mata telanjang. Modifikasi akibat penggunaan alat optik berupa faktor-faktor koreksi yang diterapkan pada kecerahan langit dan kecerahan hilal dengan menggunakan model matematika Schaefer yang berupa faktor transmisi cahaya dalam instrumen optik, faktor penglihatan, faktor perbesaran sudut, faktor koreksi teleskop, dan faktor daya pengumpul cahaya. Prediksi yang dihasilkan model Kastner yang dimodifikasi telah dibandingkan dengan prediksi model lainnya, yaitu model Odeh dan model Sultan. Hasil prediksi visibilitas hilal menggunakan model Kastner yang sudah termodifikasi bersesuaian dengan model Sultan dan model Odeh bahwa hilal tidak dapat diamati untuk kasus awal Ramadhan 1437 H dengan modus pengamatan mata telanjang, namun hilal dapat diamati berdasarkan prediksi model Kastner dengan modus pengamatan berbantuan teleskop. Pada kasus awal Syawal 1437 H, hasil yang diperoleh model Kastner bersesuaian dengan model Sultan dan model Odeh bahwa hilal dapat diamati dengan modus pengamatan baik mata telanjang maupun berbantuan teleskop. Pada lima kasus rekor dunia, model Kastner bersesuaian dengan model Sultan dan Odeh. Hanya pada dua kasus hilal yang menjadi rekor dunia, prediksi model Kastner berlawanan dengan prediksi model Sultan namun bersesuaian dengan prediksi model Odeh. Perbedaan yang terjadi tersebut dapat dijelaskan untuk salah satu kasus hasil pengamatan Ashdod bahwa pada model Kastner diterapkan faktor akuitas (ketajaman mata pengamat) sebesar 0,15 agar hilal dapat diamati.;---Modification of Kastner visibility model for celestial object near the sun was performed by testing the validity in case of the start of Ramadan and Syawal 1437 H as well as seven case that became world records. Modifications was done to obtain the crescent visibility predictions (first crescent moon can be observed-post conjungtion after the sunset) in the naked eye-observation and optical aid-observation. Modifications was done on the brightness of the sky at dusk using Schaefer algorithm which including physiological factors, location of observation, and meteorology to the effects of glare on the naked eye-observation. Modifications due to use of optical devices such as the application of correction factors for the brightness of the sky and the brightness of the hilal with using Schaefer mathematical model in the form of factor of light transmission in optical instruments, visual factors, magnification factor of the telescope, telescope correction factor, the light-gathering power factor. Resulting of prediction of the hilal using model Kastner that modified has been compared with the predictions of other models, Odeh model and Sultan model. Results of visibility prediction of the hilal using Kastner model that modified corresponded to the Sultan model and Odeh model that the moon could not be observed in case of the beginning of Ramadan 1437 H with the mode of eye naked observation, but the hilal could be observed based on the prediction model Kastner by using telescopic-mode observation. At the beginning of Shawwal 1437 H, the results are consistent with Kastner model, Sultan models and Odeh model that the hilal could be observed with both the naked eye-mode observation and telescopic-mode observation. In five cases of world record, Kastner model corresponded to the Sultan model and Odeh model. However, for the two case of a world record, Kastner model contrary to the Sultan model, but consistent with a model of the Odeh. Differences that occur can be explained to one of the cases the observations Ashdod that the Kastner models applied factor acuity (sharpness of the eye of the observer) of 0.15 so that the hilal could be observed

Tensor Anisotropies in an Open Universe

We calculate the anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background induced by long-wavelength primordial gravitational waves in a universe with negative spatial curvature, such as are produced in the ``open inflation'' scenario. The impact of these results on the COBE normalization of open models is discussed.Comment: 5pgs, 2 figs.; also avalable at http://www.sns.ias.edu/~whu, revision reflects ApJL published version, model dependence clarifie