Doing synthetic biology with photosynthetic microorganisms

The use of photosynthetic microbes as synthetic biology hosts for the sustainable production of commodity chemicals and even fuels has received increasing attention over the last decade. The number of studies published, tools implemented, and resources made available for microalgae have increased beyond expectations during the last few years. However, the tools available for genetic engineering in these organisms still lag those available for the more commonly used heterotrophic host organisms. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the photosynthetic microbes most commonly used in synthetic biology studies, namely cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, eustigmatophytes and diatoms. We provide basic information on the techniques and tools available for each model group of organisms, we outline the state-of-the-art, and we list the synthetic biology tools that have been successfully used. We specifically focus on the latest CRISPR developments, as we believe that precision editing and advanced genetic engineering tools will be pivotal to the advancement of the field. Finally, we discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of each group of organisms and examine the challenges that need to be overcome to achieve their synthetic biology potential.Peer reviewe

Pompeiana : the topography, edifices and ornaments of Pompeii : the result of excavations since 1819 /

Includes frontispiece portrait of William Gell, engraved by Fenner Sears & Co. after Thomas Uwins. The plates are engraved after William Gell, mainly by Henry Moses, also by R. F. Cahusac, J. Henshall, James Tingle, Daniel Havell, J. C. Varrall, W. Kelsall, James Baylis Allen, Benjamin Winkles, Starling, W. Schmollinger, Frederick James Havell, Kernott, Higham, George Gladwin, and F. Faithorn.A sequel to Pompeiana, by W. Gell and J. P. Gandy, London, 1817-19. Appeared originally in 12 parts; plates dated 1830-31.Mode of access: Internet.Sloan candidateLibrary's c. 5 is a large-paper printing, at 29 cm.; bound in old red morocco boards; gilt spine and inside edges; gilt green leather labels; all edges gilt.Library's c. 4 bound in old maroon pebble-grained leather; gilt design on front and rear boards; stamped in blind; inside dentelles; all edges gilt; 43 plates and 8 vignettes colored by hand.Library's c. 3 is bound in old boards; green goatskin spine and corners; gilt title on spine.Library's c. 2 is a large-paper printing, at 29 cm.; bound in modern boards with original spine laid down; all edges gilt; armorial bookplate of R. Trappes on front pastedowns; armorial bookplate of Helen Trappes-Lomax on front free endpaper of vol. 2; label of Research in Campanian Archaeology on front free endpapers of both volumes; annotated in pencil throughout