2,865 research outputs found
Tests of Basic Quantum Mechanics in Oscillation Experiments
According to standard quantum theory, the time evolution operator of a
quantum system is independent of the state of the system. One can, however,
consider systems in which this is not the case: the evolution operator may
depend on the density operator itself. The presence of such modifications of
quantum theory can be tested in long baseline oscillation experiments.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX; no macros neede
The Chagos Islands cases: the empire strikes back
Good governance requires the accommodation of multiple interests in the cause of decision making. However, undue regard for particular sectional interests can take their toll upon public faith in government administration. Historically, broad conceptions of the good of the commonwealth were employed to outweigh the interests of groups that resisted colonisation. In the decision making of the British Empire, the standard approach for justifying the marginalisation of the interests of colonised groups was that they were uncivilised and that particular hardships were the price to be paid for bringing to them the imperial dividend of industrial society. It is widely assumed that with the dismantling of the British Empire, such impulses and their accompanying jurisprudence became a thing of the past. Even as decolonisation proceeded apace after the Second World War, however, the United Kingdom maintained control of strategically important islands with a view towards sustaining its global role. In an infamous example from this twilight period of empire, in the 1960s imperial interests were used to justify the expulsion of the Chagos islanders from the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT). Into the twenty-first century, this forced elision of the UK’s interests with the imperial “common good” continues to take centre stage in courtroom battles over the islanders’ rights, being cited before domestic and international tribunals in order to maintain the Chagossians’ exclusion from their homeland. This article considers the new jurisprudence of imperialism which has emerged in a string of decisions which have continued to marginalise the Chagossians’ interests
Noether symmetries for two-dimensional charged particle motion
We find the Noether point symmetries for non-relativistic two-dimensional
charged particle motion. These symmetries are composed of a quasi-invariance
transformation, a time-dependent rotation and a time-dependent spatial
translation. The associated electromagnetic field satisfy a system of
first-order linear partial differential equations. This system is solved
exactly, yielding three classes of electromagnetic fields compatible with
Noether point symmetries. The corresponding Noether invariants are derived and
interpreted
Siderophile element fractionation in meteor crater impact glasses and metallic spherules
Meteor Crater, Arizona provides an opportunity to study, in detail, elemental fractionation processes occurring during impacts through the study of target rocks, meteorite projectile and several types of impact products. We have performed EMPA and INAA on target rocks, two types of impact glass and metallic spherules from Meteor Crater. Using literature data for the well studied Canyon Diablo iron we can show that different siderophite element fractionations affected the impact glasses than affected the metallic spherules. The impact glasses primarily lost Au, while the metallic spherules lost Fe relative to other siderophile elements
Spin Polarizabilities of the Nucleon from Polarized Low Energy Compton Scattering
As guideline for forthcoming experiments, we present predictions from Chiral
Effective Field Theory for polarized cross sections in low energy Compton
scattering for photon energies below 170 MeV, both on the proton and on the
neutron. Special interest is put on the role of the nucleon spin
polarizabilities which can be examined especially well in polarized Compton
scattering. We present a model-independent way to extract their energy
dependence and static values from experiment, interpreting our findings also in
terms of the low energy effective degrees of freedom inside the nucleon: The
polarizabilities are dominated by chiral dynamics from the pion cloud, except
for resonant multipoles, where contributions of the Delta(1232) resonance turn
out to be crucial. We therefore include it as an explicit degree of freedom. We
also identify some experimental settings which are particularly sensitive to
the spin polarizabilities.Comment: 30 pages, 19 figure
Smearing Formula for Higher-Order Effective Classical Potentials
In the variational approach to quantum statistics, a smearing formula
describes efficiently the consequences of quantum fluctuations upon an
interaction potential. The result is an effective classical potential from
which the partition function can be obtained by a simple integral. In this
work, the smearing formula is extended to higher orders in the variational
perturbation theory. An application to the singular Coulomb potential exhibits
the same fast convergence with increasing orders that has been observed in
previous variational perturbation expansions of the anharmonic oscillator with
quartic potential.Comment: Author Information under
http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html . Latest update of
paper also at
http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/kleiner_re267/preprint.htm
Kinetically driven glassy transition in an exactly solvable toy model with reversible mode coupling mechanism and trivial statics
We propose a toy model with reversible mode coupling mechanism and with
trivial Hamiltonian (and hence trivial statics). The model can be analyzed
exactly without relying upon uncontrolled approximation such as the
factorization approximation employed in the current MCT. We show that the model
exhibits a kinetically driven transition from an ergodic phase to nonergodic
phase. The nonergodic state is the nonequilibrium stationary solution of the
Fokker-Planck equation for the distribution function of the modelComment: 10 pages, 1 figure, contribution to the Proceedings of the Barcelona
Workshop 'Glassy Behavior of Kinetically Constrained Models'. To appear in J.
Phys. Condens. Matte
A geometrical origin for the covariant entropy bound
Causal diamond-shaped subsets of space-time are naturally associated with
operator algebras in quantum field theory, and they are also related to the
Bousso covariant entropy bound. In this work we argue that the net of these
causal sets to which are assigned the local operator algebras of quantum
theories should be taken to be non orthomodular if there is some lowest scale
for the description of space-time as a manifold. This geometry can be related
to a reduction in the degrees of freedom of the holographic type under certain
natural conditions for the local algebras. A non orthomodular net of causal
sets that implements the cutoff in a covariant manner is constructed. It gives
an explanation, in a simple example, of the non positive expansion condition
for light-sheet selection in the covariant entropy bound. It also suggests a
different covariant formulation of entropy bound.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, final versio
Nonsingular and accelerated expanding universe from effective Yang-Mills theory
The energy-momentum tensor coming from one-parameter effective Yang- Mills
theory is here used to describe the matter-energy content of the homogeneous
and isotropic Friedmann cosmology in its early stages. The behavior of all
solutions is examined. Particularly, it is shown that only solutions
corresponding to an open model allow the universe to evolve into an accelerated
expansion. This result appears as a possible mechanism for an inflationary
phase produced by a vector field. Further, depending on the value of some
parameters characterizing the system, the resulting models are classified as
singular or nonsingular.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, some discussions were simplified and new remarks
were introduce
Geometric entropy, area, and strong subadditivity
The trace over the degrees of freedom located in a subset of the space
transforms the vacuum state into a density matrix with non zero entropy. This
geometric entropy is believed to be deeply related to the entropy of black
holes. Indeed, previous calculations in the context of quantum field theory,
where the result is actually ultraviolet divergent, have shown that the
geometric entropy is proportional to the area for a very special type of
subsets. In this work we show that the area law follows in general from simple
considerations based on quantum mechanics and relativity. An essential
ingredient of our approach is the strong subadditive property of the quantum
mechanical entropy.Comment: Published versio
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