High-risk human papillomavirus infections in breast cancer in Syrian women and their association with Id-1 expression: a tissue microarray study

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) could be important risk factors for breast carcinogenesis and metastasis. Based on this hypothesis, we recently studied the effect of E6/E7 onco-proteins of high-risk HPV type 16 in two non-invasive human breast cancer cell lines, BT20 and MCF7; we reported that E6/E7 converts these cell lines to invasive cells. This is accompanied by an overexpression of Id-1, which is an important regulator of breast metastasis. In this investigation, we examined the presence of high-risk HPVs (16, 18, 31, 33 and 35) and the expression of their E6 onco-protein as well as their correlation with Id-1 gene expression, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and tissue microarray (TMA) analysis, respectively, in a cohort of 113 Syrian breast cancer patients. We found that high-risk HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 are present in 8.84, 9.73, 7.07, 55.75 and 37.16% of our samples, respectively, which represent invasive breast cancers. Overall, 69 (61.06%) of the 113 samples are HPV positive; among these specimens 24 tissues (34.78%) are coinfected with more than one HPV type. Furthermore, we report that the expression of the E6 onco-protein of these high-risk HPVs is correlated with Id-1 overexpression in the majority of invasive breast cancer tissue samples. Our data suggest that high-risk HPV infections are associated with human breast cancer progression in Syrian women

Retroperitoneal ciliated foregut cyst: A rare malformation

WOS: 000408735403254

A Rare Case: Cartilaginous Choristoma of the Soft Palate

Cartilaginous choristomas occur in abnormal sites that usually do not contain chondrocytes. These lesions are very rarely seen in the soft palate. We present a 38 year-old patient with cartilaginous choristoma located in nasopharyngeal surface of soft palate. Histopathological examination demonstrated a well demarcated mature hyaline cartilage tissue which was surrounded with seromucous salivary glands under a benign respiratory epithelium

High-risk human papillomaviruses and epstein-barr virus presence and crosstalk in human oral carcinogenesis

Oral cancer is the most frequent type of malignancy of the head and neck area worldwide. This cancer is a major cause of mortality in several parts of the world especially in certain Asian countries. In fact, the majority of cancer deaths are the result of metastasis, either directly due to tumor involvement of critical organs or indirectly due to therapeutic side effects. On the other hand, it is estimated that 10–20% of human cancers are linked to virus infections including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) especially types 16, 18, and 33, which cumulatively infect 80–90% of the population worldwide. Moreover, it has been reported that oncoproteins of high-risk HPV type 16 can covert noninvasive and nonmetastatic human cancer cells into invasive and metastatic form. It was pointed out that high-risk HPVs and EBV are important etiological factors in human oral cancer, since around 35 and 55% of these cancers are positive for these viruses, respectively. In addition, it was recently revealed that high-risk HPVs and EBV can be copresent in human oral cancer, and their copresence is associated with high-grade invasive carcinomas. Thus, it is evident that high-risk HPVs and EBV oncoproteins play an important role in the initiation and progression of human oral cancer. In this chapter, we will overview the presence and role of HPVs and EBV in this frequent malignancy, more specifically; we will focus on the role of their oncoproteins and their interactions with other oncogenes in human oral carcinogenesis.Scopu