Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamic Description of Alloys of 8-Hydroxyquinoline – 4-Chlorobenzoic acid

In present article 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ)-4-chlorobenzoic acid (CBA) system has been undertaken to study phase diagram and thermodynamic contribution in the system in terms of partial and integral mixing and excess functions. The phase equilibria of the system under taken shows the formation of 1:1 addition compound C and its eutectic E at 214º and199º c respectively. The negative value of molar free energy of mixing (?GM) of alloys at 0.810 and 0.895 mole fraction of CBA suggests that the mixing in these cases is spontaneous. The integral molar enthalpy of mixing value corresponds to the value of excess integral molar free energy of the system favors the regularity in the binary solutions. The positive value of excess free energy (gE) for all the eutectic and noneutectic alloys suggests an association of weaker nature between unlike molecules and of stronger nature between like molecules. Gibbs-Duhem equation gives the graphical solution of partial molar heat of mixing(?Hi-M), activity and activity coefficient of a particular constituent in the binary mix. Interfacial roughness of the binary alloys has also been explained. Keywords : Organic alloys, phase diagram, activity, activity coefficient, mixing  and excess function.

GREEN CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SOLID DISPERSIONS OF BENZIMIDAZOLE –Β. NAPHTHOL BINARY DRUG SYSTEM

With a view to synthesize and characterize the enhanced pharmaceutical properties of the solid-liquid dispersions of binary drug system through a green chemical technique, the present communication have been undertaken for detailed investigation of thermodynamic and interfacial properties of benzimidazole (BI) and β. naphthol (βN) binary eutectic and non-eutectic drug dispersions. Eutectic solid dispersion was observed at 0.657-mole fraction of β. naphthol (βN) and at melting temperature 90°C. Thermodynamic quantities; Partial and Integral excess Gibbs energy (gE), excess enthalpy (hE), excess entropy (sE) of eutectic and non-eutectic dispersions were determined with the help of activity coefficient data. The negative deviation from ideal behaviour has been seen in the system which refers to a stronger association between unlike molecules during the formation of the binary mix. The negative value of Gibbs free energy of mixing (DGM) refers to the mixing for all eutectic and non-eutectic dispersions are spontaneous. The solid-liquid interfacial characteristics i.e., the entropy of fusion per unit volume (DSV), solid-liquid interfacial energy (s), roughness parameter (α), grain boundary energy and roughness parameter (α) of eutectic and non-eutectic solid dispersions have been reported. The size of the critical nucleus at different undercooling has been found in nanoscale, which may be a big significance in the pharmaceutical world. The value of roughness parameter, α > 2 was observed which manifests the faceted and irregular growth leads in the system

Evidence of surface transport and weak anti-localization in single crystal of Bi2Te2Se topological insulator

Topological insulators are known to their metallic surface states, a result of strong-spin-orbital coupling, that show unique surface transport phenomenon. But these surface transports are buried in presence of metallic bulk conduction. We synthesized very high quality Bi$_2$Te$_2$Se single crystals by modified Bridgman method, that possess high bulk resistivity of $>$20~$\Omega$cm below 20~K, whereas the bulk is mostly inactive and surface transport dominates. Temperature dependence resistivity follows the activation law like a gap semiconductor in temperature range 20-300~K. We designed a special measurement geometry, which aims to extract the surface transport from the bulk. This special geometry is applied to measure the resistance and found that Bi$_2$Te$_2$Se single crystal exhibits a cross over from bulk to surface conduction at 20~K. Simultaneously, the material also shows strong evidence of weak anti-localization in magneto-transport due to the protection against scattering by conducting surface states. This novel simple geometry is an easy route to find the evidence of surface transport in topological insulators, which are the promising materials for future spintronic applications.Comment: 6 Pages, 4 Figure

UNet Based Pipeline for Lung Segmentation from Chest X-Ray Images

Biomedical image segmentation is one of the fastest growing fields which has seen extensive automation through the use of Artificial Intelligence. This has enabled widespread adoption of accurate techniques to expedite the screening and diagnostic processes which would otherwise take several days to finalize. In this paper, we present an end-to-end pipeline to segment lungs from chest X-ray images, training the neural network model on the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JSRT) dataset, using UNet to enable faster processing of initial screening for various lung disorders. The pipeline developed can be readily used by medical centers with just the provision of X-Ray images as input. The model will perform the preprocessing, and provide a segmented image as the final output. It is expected that this will drastically reduce the manual effort involved and lead to greater accessibility in resource-constrained locations.Comment: 6 Page

Real Time Vehicle Identification: A Synchronous-Transmission Based Approach

Identification of the vehicles passing over the roads is a very important component of traffic monitoring/surveillance. There have been many attempts to design and develop efficient strategies to carry out the job. However, from the point of view of practical usefulness and real-time operation, most of them do not score well. In the current work, we perceive the problem as efficient real-time communication and data-sharing between the units in charge of recording the identities of the vehicles, i.e., Vehicle Recorders (VR), and the Vehicles (VE). We propose a strategy to address the issue with the help of Synchronous-Transmission (ST), which is a newer paradigm of communication compared to the traditional paradigm based on Asynchronous-Transmission (AT). First, we theoretically show that the presence of the physical layer phenomena called Capture-Effect in ST brings a significant benefit. Next, we also implement the strategy in a well-known IoT-Operating System Contiki, and compare its performance with the existing best-known strategy

Alterations in carotid baroreflex control of arterial blood pressure during the menstrual cycle in young women [abstract]

Limited studies have suggested that menstrual cycle variations in sex hormones may influence arterial baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) and sympathetic nerve activity, however, results are equivocal. In addition, the baroreflex control of blood pressure (BP) has not been directly examined as pharmacological perturbations were mainly used to assess baroreflex function

Limb position influences component orientation in Oxford mobile bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: an experimental cadaveric study

Aims The mobile bearing Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (OUKA) is recommended to be performed with the leg in the hanging leg (HL) position, and the thigh placed in a stirrup. This comparative cadaveric study assesses implant positioning and intraoperative kinematics of OUKA implanted either in the HL position or in the supine leg (SL) position. Methods A total of 16 fresh-frozen knees in eight human cadavers, without macroscopic anatomical defects, were selected. The knees from each cadaver were randomized to have the OUKA implanted in the HL or SL position. Results Tibial base plate rotation was significantly more variable in the SL group with 75% of tibiae mal-rotated. Multivariate analysis of navigation data found no difference based on all kinematic parameters across the range of motion (ROM). However, area under the curve analysis showed that knees placed in the HL position had much smaller differences between the pre- and post-surgery conditions for kinematics mean values across the entire ROM. Conclusion The sagittal tibia cut, not dependent on standard instrumentation, determines the tibial component rotation. The HL position improves accuracy of this step compared to the SL position, probably due to better visuospatial orientation of the hip and knee to the surgeon. The HL position is better for replicating native kinematics of the knee as shown by the area under the curve analysis. In the supine knee position, care must be taken during the sagittal tibia cut, while checking flexion balance and when sizing the tibial component

Comparative study on Haemodynamic response to extubation: Attenuation with Lignocaine, Esmolol, Propofol

Background: Endotracheal extubation is an unpredictable and tricky part of anaesthetic management. Elevation in blood pressure and heart rate due to extubation are brief but may have detrimental effects. Hence there should be an effective means of attenuating sympathetic responses to tracheal extubation. Many strategies have been advocated to minimize these hemodynamic adverse responses. Among the recommended procedures i.v. lignocaine, fentanyl and esmolol appear to fulfil the above mentioned criteria.Methods: This prospective randomized study was done on 90 patients to evaluate haemodynamic effects of intravenous Propofol, Lignocaine, Esmolol given two minutes prior to extubation.Results: Heart rate, Systolic, Diastolic and Mean blood pressure decreased significantly to Esmolol 1.5mg/kg and propofol 0.5 mg/kg 2 minutes prior to extubation. With lignocaine there was an initial rise in blood pressure. Lignocaine, Esmolol and Propofol were able to attenuate cough and strain of extubation in > 90% of the patients.Regarding Esmolol, our study coincided with similar studies done by different authors but we found that esmolol in doses of 1.5mg/kg showed better results to control haemodynamic response during extubation.  Sedation score was a little high in Propofol group. Extubation scoring was good with all the three drugs.Conclusions: Esmolol IV is preferred for attenuation of haemodynamic responses when compared with IV propofol 0.5 mg/kg and IV lignocaine (2%) 1 mg/kg as the attenuation effect is elicited immediately.

Selective attenuation of carotid-cardiac responses to hypertension at the onset of static handgrip in humans [abstract]

Previous studies have indicated that at the onset of exercise cardiac baroreflex function is reduced in an intensity-dependent manner, which appears to be mediated by a blunted ability to buffer hypertensive challenges. However, whether cardiac baroreflex responses to a hypotensive stimulus are altered at exercise onset is unclear