Behavior of elastic networks of various degrees of orientation in the kinetic theory of fracture

Kinetic theory of fracture to calculate strength and elastic properties of solids under uniaxial stres

Theoretical Consideration of the Influence of Reforming Processes on the Fracture Strength of Solids Technical Report No. 105

Reformation processes effect on stress time-to- fracture behavior of solid

Kinetic considerations of the strength of oriented solids

Kinetics of mechanical strength of oriented and stressed solids based on statistical absolute reaction rate theor

From Deutsche Zeitschrift to International Journal of Legal Medicine-100 years of legal medicine through the lens of journal articles : Part 3: Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin-Journal of Legal Medicine from 1970 to 1990.

From volume 67 (1970) onwards, the journal appeared under the new bilingual title Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin-Journal of Legal Medicine. The editorial board was expanded and internationalised. From 1970 to 1990, 1416 articles were published in 36 volumes. 1036 articles were in German and 380 in English. The authors of 411 articles came from non-German-speaking countries. Compared to the periods under review in the first two parts of our article series, the proportion of papers on forensic genetics increased significantly between 1970 and 1990, with a small increase in publications on the identification of unknown dead bodies. An opposite trend was observed in the articles on forensic psychiatry and psychology, sexual medicine and social medicine. This development reflects a further sharpening of the discipline's profile

From Deutsche Zeitschrift to International Journal of Legal Medicine-100 years of legal medicine through the lens of journal articles : Part 2: Deutsche Zeitschrift für die gesamte gerichtliche Medizin from 1948 to 1969.

The interruption of the publication of the Deutsche Zeitschrift für die gesamte gerichtliche Medizin due to the war ended with volume 39 for the years 1948/1949. Until volume 66/1969, the journal appeared unchanged under the historical title. The 912 publications contained in the 28 volumes of these two decades cover topics from the main fields of forensic medicine, but also from related and unrelated disciplines. The topic-specific analysis of the publications shows a shift of the research focus in the German institutes since the post-war period. This is most evident in the decline in the number of publications from the fields of scientific and technical criminalistics as well as forensic psychiatry and psychology. An opposite trend with a significant increase in scientific papers was observed in alcohology, forensic genetics and traffic medicine. While the evaluated publications on most topics contain new findings that are still valid today, the use of blood group characteristics for forensic purposes came to an end as a result of the introduction of DNA analysis

From Deutsche Zeitschrift to International journal of legal medicine-100 years of legal medicine through the lens of journal articles, Part 4: International journal of legal medicine from 1990 to 2022.

This is the fourth and final paper in a series related to the analysis of articles published in this journal during its first 100 years of activity. This article covers the time span from 1990 to 2022. It is important to note that, given the period covered by this analysis, it does not aim to provide a historical overview but rather an examination of the most recent trends in our discipline compared to the past. Between 1990 (Volume 104) and 2022 (Volume 136), 4004 articles were published in the International Journal of Legal Medicine (IJLM) across 33 volumes. This corresponds to 53% of all the articles published since the launch of the journal. When compared to the period from 1970 to 1990, some categories no longer appear to be as relevant (e.g., sexual medicine, 1 article; social medicine, 0 articles; biography, 3 articles; history, 4 articles). Conversely, the most recent period has shown an increasing importance in forensic genetics (1388 articles) and the emergence of new significant topics that merit their own classification, such as age estimation (286 articles), forensic anthropology (189 articles), forensic imaging (150 articles), and forensic entomology (90 articles)

On modelling the lithosphere in mantle convection with non-linear rheology

Numerical convection experiments were carried out with the aim of simulating the lithosphere as a strong mechanical boundary layer participating in the circulation, and to study its dynamical role and the governing parameters. The rheological model parameters were successively refined, effective viscosity depending on (1) depth, (2) temperature and pressure, and (3) temperature, pressure, and stress. In all cases a high-viscosity plate rested on a low-viscosity asthenosphere; in the two latter cases it could in principle subduct, but did so only if zones of weakness were built into it. It was possible to model active or inactive plates (moving faster or slower than the asthenosphere below). Because of a lack of numerical resolution it was however, not possible to simulate a narrow sinking slab; rather a broad zone of cooled and highly viscous material developed, often limiting the rate of descent and leading to non-steady convection. The circulation, including subduction, was stabilized by introduction of stress-dependence of viscosity (non-linearity), dissipation, and adiabatic heating. The parameter chiefly responsible for deciding the (active or passive) role of the plate is its decoupling from its neighbours, achieved in the models by assuming weakness zones. Another important result seems to be that the assumption of plausible mantle rheologies and heat input leads to equally plausible effective viscosities, plate velocities, and to upper-mantle temperatures which are relatively low by current ideas, but conforming to earlier estimates based on convection theory. Viscosity distribution and flow pattern are also in reasonable agreement with more detailed boundary layer computations. The main obstacles to our modelling are the numerical limitations, forcing upon us such artificialities as two-dimensionality, rectangular model boxes, coarse grids, and generalized weakness zones.           ARK: https://n2t.net/ark:/88439/y061130 Permalink: https://geophysicsjournal.com/article/176 &nbsp

Anisotropy and XKS-splitting from geodynamic models of double subduction: Testing the limits of interpretation

In this study, we develop three-dimensional geodynamic models to predict XKS-splitting for double subduction scenarios characterized by two outward dipping slabs. These models are highly relevant in various realistic settings, such as the central Mediterranean. We focus on the analysis of XKS-splitting, a key geophysical observable used to infer seismic anisotropy and mantle flow patterns predicted from these geodynamic models. Our geodynamic models simulate the concurrent subduction of two identical oceanic plates which are separated by a continental plate. The variation of the separating plate strength, cause a transition from a retreating to a stationary trench. The models provide detailed insights into the temporal evolution of mantle flow patterns, especially the amount of trench parallel flow, induced by these double subduction scenarios. In a second step, we use the well-known D-Rex model (Kaminski et al., 2004) to efficiently estimate the CPO development in response to plastic deformation produced by mantle flow. Based on the results of the D-Rex model, which includes the full elastic tensor of a deformed multiphase polycrystalline mantle aggregate within the three-dimensional model, we obtain synthetic apparent splitting parameters at receivers placed at the surface by applying multiple-layer anisotropic waveform modeling. Employing analytical techniques, we show the ambiguous nature of apparent splitting parameters, as already suggested by previous studies based on numerical modeling. In the light of the results, we postulate that a meaningful inversion, based on the commonly applied 2-layer anisotropic model, requires additional constraints on fast-axis orientation or strength of anisotropy (delay time). Finally, we show that constraints from our texture simulations (i.e., the integrated delay time) can be used to achieve unique 2-layer models that perfectly fit the synthetic observables. Such models could serve as reference for the interpretation of the observations. Our study highlights the necessity of combining geodynamic modeling and XKS-splitting analysis to shed light on complex upper mantle flow patterns such as those that might occur around subduction zones

Cellulose Acetate Replica Cleaning Study of Genesis Non-Flight Sample 3CZ00327

The Genesis mission collected solar wind and brought it back to Earth in order to provide precise knowledge of solar isotopic and elemental compositions. The ions in the solar wind were stopped in the collectors at depths on the order of 10 to a few hundred nanometers. This shallow implantation layer is critical for scientific analysis of the composition of the solar wind and must be preserved throughout sample handling, cleaning, processing, distribution, preparation and analysis. We are working interactively with the community of scientists analyzing Genesis samples, using our unique laboratory facilities -- and, where needed, our unique cleaning techniques -- to significantly enhance the science return from the Genesis mission. This work is motivated by the need to understand the submicron contamination on the collectors in the Genesis payload as recovered from the crash site in the Utah desert, and -- perhaps more importantly -- how to remove it. That is, we are evaluating the effectiveness of the wet-chemical "cleaning" steps used by various investigators, to enable them to design improved methods of stripping terrestrial contamination from surfaces while still leaving the solar-wind signal intact