Mirror Neurons, Prediction and Hemispheric Coordination; The Prioritizing of Intersubjectivity over 'Intrasubjectivity'

We observe that approaches to intersubjectivity, involving mirror neurons and involving emulation and prediction, have eclipsed discussion of those same mechanisms for achieving coordination between the two hemispheres of the human brain. We explore some of the implications of the suggestion that the mutual modelling of the two situated hemispheres (each hemisphere ‘second guessing’ the other) is a productive place to start in understanding the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of cognition and of intersubjectivity

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF 3 FRACTIONS OBTAINED BY SMOKING CANNABIS THROUGH A WATER PIPE

ESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT PSYCHOBIOL,04023 SAO PAULO,BRAZILUNIV ATHENS,SCH MED,DEPT BIOL CHEM,ATHENS 609,GREECEESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT PSYCHOBIOL,04023 SAO PAULO,BRAZILWeb of Scienc

Oculomotor areas of the primate frontal lobes: a transneuronal transfer of rabies virus and [14C]-2-deoxyglucose functional imaging study.

We used the [14C]-2-deoxyglucose method to study the location and extent of primate frontal lobe areas activated for saccades and fixation and the retrograde transneuronal transfer of rabies virus to determine whether these regions are oligosynaptically connected with extraocular motoneurons. Fixation-related increases of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) values were found around the fundus of the inferior limb of the arcuate sulcus (AS) just ventral to its genu, in the dorsomedial frontal cortex (DMFC), cingulate cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex. Significant increases of LCGU values were found in and around both banks of the AS, DMFC, and caudal principal, cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortices of monkeys executing visually guided saccades. All of these areas are oligosynaptically connected to extraocular motoneurons, as shown by the presence of retrogradely transneuronally labeled cells after injection of rabies virus in the lateral rectus muscle. Our data demonstrate that the arcuate oculomotor cortex occupies a region considerably larger than the classic, electrical stimulation-defined, frontal eye field. Besides a large part of the anterior bank of the AS, it includes the caudal prearcuate convexity and part of the premotor cortex in the posterior bank of the AS. They also demonstrate that the oculomotor DMFC occupies a small area straddling the ridge of the brain medial to the superior ramus of the AS. Our results support the notion that a network of several interconnected frontal lobe regions is activated during rapid, visually guided eye movements and that their output is conveyed in parallel to subcortical structures projecting to extraocular motoneurons