Water-tunnel investigation of concepts for alleviation of adverse inlet spillage interactions with external stores

A test was conducted in the NASA Langley 16- by 24-Inch Water Tunnel to study alleviation of the adverse interactions of inlet spillage flow on the external stores of a fighter aircraft. A 1/48-scale model of a fighter aircraft was used to simulate the flow environment around the aircraft inlets and on the downstream underside of the fuselage. A controlled inlet mass flow was simulated by drawing water into the inlets. Various flow control devices were used on the underside of the aircraft model to manipulate the vortical inlet spillage flow

Discharge coefficients for thick-plate orifices

Investigation enables more accurate prediction of coolant flows within internally cooled turbine blades and vanes. The data is applicable for predicting flows in complex flow passages

The Formation of Spheroids in Early-Type Spirals: Clues From Their Globular Clusters

We use deep Hubble Space Telescope images taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) in the F475W and F814W filters to investigate the globular cluster systems in four edge-on Sa spiral galaxies covering a factor of 4 in luminosity. The specific frequencies of the blue globular clusters in the galaxies in our sample fall in the range 0.34 -- 0.84, similar to typical values found for later-type spirals. The number of red globular clusters associated with the bulges generally increases with the bulge luminosity, similar to what is observed for elliptical galaxies, although the specific frequency of bulge clusters is a factor of 2-3 lower for the lowest luminosity bulges than for the higher luminosity bulges. We present a new empirical relation between the fraction of red globular clusters and total bulge luminosity based on the elliptical galaxies studied by ACSVCS (ACS Virgo Cluster Survey), and discuss how this diagram can be used to assess the importance that dissipative processes played in building spiral bulges. Our results suggest a picture where dissipative processes, which are expected during gas-rich major mergers, were more important for building luminous bulges of Sa galaxies, whereas secular evolution may have played a larger role in building lower-luminosity bulges in spirals.Comment: accepted for publication in Ap

Design improvement of a pump wear ring labyrinth seal

The investigation was successful in obtaining two improved designs for the impeller wear ring seal of the liquid hydrogen turbopump of interest. A finite difference computer code was extensively used in a parametric computational study in determining a cavity configuration with high flow resistance due to turbulence dissipation. These two designs, along with that currently used, were fabricated and tested. The improved designs were denoted Type O and Type S. The measurements showed that Type O and Type S given 67 and 30 percent reduction in leakage over the current design, respectively. It was found that the number of cavities, the step height and the presence of a small stator groove are quite important design features. Also, the tooth thickness is of some significance. Finally, the tooth height and an additional large cavity cut out from the stator (upstream of the step) are of negligible importance

Access to Justice and Routine Legal Services: New Technologies Meet Bar Regulators

This Article explores controversies over bar regulation of new online technologies that help address the routine legal needs of low- and middle-income consumers. It is critical that lawyer regulators resist the temptation to restrict organizations that respond to the nation’s huge unmet needs of individuals of limited means. After briefly reviewing the rise of technology in this space, this Article discusses efforts to rein in three of the largest U.S. providers of consumer-oriented legal services, LegalZoom, Rocket Lawyer, and Avvo Legal Services. Analysis then focuses on the lawsuits and regulatory restrictions faced by Avvo, and the ultimate demise of Avvo Legal Services in the face of bar ethical objections. The final Part of this Article considers the policy implications of the Avvo case history, and concludes that efforts to restrain these initiatives do not serve the interests of the profession or the public

Twist operator correlation functions in O(n) loop models

Using conformal field theoretic methods we calculate correlation functions of geometric observables in the loop representation of the O(n) model at the critical point. We focus on correlation functions containing twist operators, combining these with anchored loops, boundaries with SLE processes and with double SLE processes. We focus further upon n=0, representing self-avoiding loops, which corresponds to a logarithmic conformal field theory (LCFT) with c=0. In this limit the twist operator plays the role of a zero weight indicator operator, which we verify by comparison with known examples. Using the additional conditions imposed by the twist operator null-states, we derive a new explicit result for the probabilities that an SLE_{8/3} wind in various ways about two points in the upper half plane, e.g. that the SLE passes to the left of both points. The collection of c=0 logarithmic CFT operators that we use deriving the winding probabilities is novel, highlighting a potential incompatibility caused by the presence of two distinct logarithmic partners to the stress tensor within the theory. We provide evidence that both partners do appear in the theory, one in the bulk and one on the boundary and that the incompatibility is resolved by restrictive bulk-boundary fusion rules.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure

Does language matter? Exploring Chinese-Korean differences in holistic perception

Cross-cultural research suggests that East Asians display a holistic attentional bias by paying attention to the entire field and to relationships between objects, whereas Westerners pay attention primarily to salient objects, displaying an analytic attentional bias. The assumption 20 of a universal pan-Asian holistic attentional bias has however recently been challenged in experimental research involving Japanese and Chinese participants, which suggests that linguistic factors may contribute to the formation of East Asians’ holistic attentional patterns. The present experimental research explores differences in attention and information processing styles between Korean and Chinese speakers, who have been assumed to display 25 the same attentional bias due to cultural commonalities. We hypothesize that the specific structure of the Korean language predisposes speakers to pay more attention to ground information than to figure information, thus leading to a stronger holistic attentional bias compared to Chinese speakers. Findings of the present research comparing different groups of English, Chinese, and Korean speakers provide further evidence for differences in East 30 Asians’ holistic attentional bias, which may be due to the influence of language. Furthermore, we also extend prior theorizing by discussing the potential impact of other cultural factors. In line with critical voices calling for more research investigating differences between cultures that are assumed to be culturally similar, we highlight important avenues for future studies exploring the language-culture relationship

Exploring the virtual space of academia

The aim of this chapter is to provide a view on how researchers present themselves in a social network specifically developed for supporting academic practices, how they share information and engage in dialogues with colleagues worldwide. We analysed data from 30,428 users who have registered on a publicly available website to study the effect of academic position, university ranking and country on people's behaviour. Results suggest that the virtual network closely mirrors physical reality, reproducing the same hierarchical structure imposed by position, ranking, and country on user behaviour. Despite the potential for bridging and bonding social capital the networks have not achieved substantial changes in structures and practices of the academic context. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the need of finding new strategies to motivate the users to contribute to the community and support equal participation, as so far the community is mainly exploited as a static website

Harvests and Business Cycles in Nineteenth-Century America

Most major American industrial business cycles from around 1880 to the First World War were caused by fluctuations in the size of the cotton harvest due to economically exogenous factors such as weather. Wheat and corn harvests did not affect industrial production; nor did the cotton harvest before the late 1870s. The unique effect of the cotton harvest in this period can be explained as an essentially monetary phenomenon, the result of interactions between harvests, international gold flows and high-powered money demand under America's gold-standard regime of 1879-1914.