Study of temperature dependence of turn-on voltages IN III-V HBTS

We report variation of collector and base currents with temperature from 80K-400K on InGaAs/GaAs and AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs. The results obtained showed clearly that, among all the material systems studied, the InP/ In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As HBTs have the lowest turn-on voltage (0.1V). This is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. Although marked differences in the values of turn-on, Vturn-on for InGaAs-and GaAs-based HBTs were observed, voltage-thermal feedback coefficients of Vturn-on for all devices, irrespective of their material systems, do not differ considerably

A modified priority-based encoding for design of a closed-loop supply chain network using a discrete league championship algorithm

In a closed-loop supply chain network, the aim is to ensure a smooth fow of materials and attaining the maximum value from returning and end-of-life goods. Tis paper presents a single-objective deterministic mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network design problem consisting of plants, collection centers, disposal centers, and customer zones. Our model minimizes the total costs comprising fxed opening cost of plants, collection, disposal centers, and transportation costs of products among the nodes. As supply chain network design problems belong to the class of NP-hard problems, a novel league championship algorithm (LCA) with a modifed priority-based encoding is applied to fnd a near-optimal solution. New operators are defned for the LCA to search the discrete space. Numerical comparison of our proposed encoding with the existing approaches in the literature is indicative of the high quality performance of the proposed encoding

Flexural and shear response predictions of statically determinate and indeterminate RC structures strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer

Marie Curie Initial Training Network under the project “ENDURE” with reference number 607851, funded by the EU programme: FP7-people. The third author wish to acknowledge the grant SFRH/BSAB/114302/2016 provided by FC

Core promoter short tandem repeats as evolutionary switch codes for primate speciation

Alteration in gene expression levels underlies many of the phenotypic differences across species. Because of their highly mutable nature, proximity to the +1 transcription start site (TSS), and the emerging evidence of functional impact on gene expression, core promoter short tandem repeats (STRs) may be considered an ideal source of variation across species. In a genome-scale analysis of the entire Homo sapiens protein-coding genes, we have previously identified core promoters with at least one STR of ≥6-repeats, with possible selective advantage in this species. In the current study, we performed reverse analysis of the entire Homo sapiens orthologous genes in mouse in the Ensembl database, in order to identify conserved STRs that have shrunk as an evolutionary advantage to humans. Two protocols were used to minimize ascertainment bias. Firstly, two species sharing a more recent ancestor with Homo sapiens (i.e. Pan troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla gorilla) were also included in the study. Secondly, four non-primate species encompassing the major orders across Mammals, including Scandentia, Laurasiatheria, Afrotheria, and Xenarthra were analyzed as out-groups. We introduce STR evolutionary events specifically identical in primates (i.e. Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, and Gorilla gorilla gorilla) vs. non-primate out-groups. The average frequency of the identically shared STR motifs across those primates ranged between 0.00005 and 0.06. The identified genes are involved in important evolutionary and developmental processes, such as normal craniofacial development (TFAP2B), regulation of cell shape (PALMD), learning and long-term memory (RGS14), nervous system development (GFRA2), embryonic limb morphogenesis (PBX2), and forebrain development (APAF1). We provide evidence of core promoter STRs as evolutionary switch codes for primate speciation, and the first instance of identity-by-descent for those motifs at the interspecies level. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Investigation of the Impacts of Social Capital on Organizational Entrepreneurship in Tehran Municipality

Entrepreneurship is the symbol of endeavor and success in business, and entrepreneurs play a crucial role in economic and social development of communities. Since Organizational Entrepreneurship (OE) contribute to earning stable finance required for administration of urban affairs, it is very important in the case of municipalities. For this reason, this study aims to investigate the role of social capital (SC) in the development of entrepreneurship in Tehran municipality. Research method was descriptive and non-experimental, and required data were collected through 204 questionnaires distributed among managers and experts of the organization. Stratified sampling was used, in which 37 managers and 167 experts participated. Number of male participants was 147, and number of female participants was 57. The mean age of participants was 41 years, and its standard deviation was 0.765. In order to test the research hypothesis, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. The results of the study showed that social capital and its three dimensions (Cognitive, Relational and Structural dimensions) had positive significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship

Level Crossing Analysis of Burgers Equation in 1+1 Dimensions

We investigate the average frequency of positive slope $\nu_{\alpha}^{+}$, crossing the velocity field $u(x)- \bar u = \alpha$ in the Burgers equation. The level crossing analysis in the inviscid limit and total number of positive crossing of velocity field before creation of singularities are given. The main goal of this paper is to show that this quantity, $\nu_{\alpha}^{+}$, is a good measure for the fluctuations of velocity fields in the Burgers turbulence.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

The effect of Pogostone on viability, membrane integrity, and apoptosis of liver cancer cells

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of liver cancer is still high in many countries, including Iran. Drug resistance and various side effects are the main obstacles to treating this cancer. Herbs, which are traditionally used, are now widely regarded as treatment options for cancer. Pogostone is a natural substance isolated from Indian mint (Pogostemon cablin) and has various medicinal activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of Pogostone on liver cancer cell line (viability, membrane integrity, and apoptosis). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The liver cancer cell line was prepared from Pasteur Institute of Iran and treated with appropriate concentrations of Pogostone. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT, trypan blue, and lactate dehydrogenase assay. Apoptosis induction was evaluated by diphenylamine assay, Annexin V-FITC staining and a Real-time PCR test. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software using Tukey’s test one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: After all three time periods, a significant decrease in viability was observed (p <0.05) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of Pogostone to liver cancer cells was in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Pogostone significantly induced apoptosis compared to control cells (p<0.05). Treatment of liver cancer cells with Pogostone significantly reduced Bcl-2 gene expression (p<0.05). On the other hand, expression of all three Bax, p53, and caspase 3 genes showed a significant increase after treatment (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pogostone had a concentration- and time-dependent toxic effect on liver cancer cells. It induced apoptosis by increasing the Bax to Bcl-2 ratio

Simultaneous flexural and punching strengthening of RC slabs according to a new hybrid technique using U-shape CFRP laminates

One of the main concerns related to flat reinforced-concrete (RC) slabs is the slab’s punching capacity. Punching can occur not only due to a deficient transverse reinforcement, but also when the flexural capacity of the slab needs to be increased. To increase the flexural capacity, carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CFRP) composites have been applied according to near-surface-mounted (NSM) or external-bonded-reinforcement (EBR) techniques, while for the punching strengthening CFRP reinforcements have been applied according to embedded-through-section (ETS) technique. To take advantage of strengthening benefits of the NSM and ETS techniques, in the present paper a new type of CFRP laminate of U-shape is used by adopting a novel hybrid technique for the simultaneous flexural and punching strengthening of existing RC slabs. Besides, this hybrid technique aims to provide a better bond performance for the ETS and NSM CFRPs by improving the anchorage conditions. Moreover, a higher resistance to the susceptibility of occurrence of other premature failure modes, like concrete cover delamination, is offered by using this hybrid technique. A 3D nonlinear finite-element (FE) model is developed to simulate the experimental tests by considering the nonlinear behavior of the constituent materials. The experimental program and numerical model are described, and the relevant results are analyzed.The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by QREN (through the Operational Program COMPETE) in the scope of the CutInov Project (n. 38780) involving the Clever Reinforcement Company and the Structural Composites Research group of ISISE-Minho University.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio