1,465 research outputs found
Ground States of S-duality Twisted N=4 Super Yang-Mills Theory
We study the low-energy limit of a compactification of N=4 U(n) super
Yang-Mills theory on with boundary conditions modified by an S-duality
and R-symmetry twist. This theory has N=6 supersymmetry in 2+1D. We analyze the
compactification of this 2+1D theory by identifying a dual weakly coupled
type-IIA background. The Hilbert space of normalizable ground states is
finite-dimensional and appears to exhibit a rich structure of sectors. We
identify most of them with Hilbert spaces of Chern-Simons theory (with
appropriate gauge groups and levels). We also discuss a realization of a
related twisted compactification in terms of the (2,0)-theory, where the recent
solution by Gaiotto and Witten of the boundary conditions describing D3-branes
ending on a (p,q) 5-brane plays a crucial role.Comment: 104 pages, 5 figures. Revisions to subsection (6.6) and other minor
corrections included in version
Spacetime structure of 5D hypercylindrical vacuum solutions with tension
We investigate geometrical properties of 5D cylindrical vacuum solutions with
a transverse spherical symmetry. The metric is uniform along the fifth
direction and characterized by tension and mass densities. The solutions are
classified by the tension-to-mass ratio. One particular example is the
well-known Schwarzschild black string which has a curvature singularity
enclosed by a horizon. We focus mainly on geometry of other solutions which
possess a naked singularity. The light signal emitted by an object approaching
the singularity reaches a distant observer with finite time, but is infinitely
red-shifted.Comment: revtex4, 5 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the 10th
Asia Pacific Physics Conference (APPC10), Pohang, Korea, 21-24 Aug. 2007.
Submitted to J. Korean Phys. Soc. Penrose diagram has been adde
The X-ray puzzle of the L1551 IRS 5 jet
Protostars are actively accreting matter and they drive spectacular, dynamic
outflows, which evolve on timescales of years. X-ray emission from these jets
has been detected only in a few cases and little is known about its time
evolution. We present a new Chandra observation of L1551 IRS 5's jet in the
context of all available X-ray data of this object. Specifically, we perform a
spatially resolved spectral analysis of the X-ray emission and find that (a)
the total X-ray luminosity is constant over almost one decade, (b) the majority
of the X-rays appear to be always located close to the driving source, (c)
there is a clear trend in the photon energy as a function of the distance to
the driving source indicating that the plasma is cooler at larger distances and
(d) the X-ray emission is located in a small volume which is unresolved
perpendicular to the jet axis by Chandra. A comparison of our X-ray data of the
L1551 IRS 5 jet both with models as well as X-ray observations of other
protostellar jets shows that a base/standing shock is a likely and plausible
explanation for the apparent constancy of the observed X-ray emission. Internal
shocks are also consistent with the observed morphology if the supply of jet
material by the ejection of new blobs is sufficiently constant. We conclude
that the study of the X-ray emission of protostellar jet sources allows us to
diagnose the innermost regions close to the acceleration region of the
outflows.Comment: A&A accepted, 14 pages, 9 figure
Low Pressure Ethenolysis of Renewable Methyl Oleate in a Microchemical System
A microchemical system for ethenolysis of renewable methyl oleate was developed, in which the dual-phase, microfluidic design enabled efficient diffusion of ethylene gas into liquid methyl oleate through an increased contact area. The increased mass transfer of ethylene favored the formation of desired commodity chemicals with significantly suppressed homometathesis when compared to the bulk system. In addition to higher selectivity and conversion, this system also provides the typical advantages of a microchemical system, including the possibility of convenient scale-up
commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products
SmartLipids are the latest generation of dermal lipid nanoparticles with solid particle matrix. Their characteristic properties resulting from the “chaotic” and disordered particle matrix structure are reviewed. These properties are high loading and firm inclusion of active agents, physical stability of the particle matrix lipid modification (primarily α, β′), and related to these three properties the improved chemical stabilization of labile active agents. Exemplarily data for these effects are shown and underlying mechanisms are discussed. Further, general properties of lipid nanoparticles, which are also exhibited by the SmartLipids, are reviewed. These include the restauration of the protective lipid skin barrier (anti-pollution effect), penetration enhancement by occlusion (invisible patch effect) and the option to control the release of active agents for optimized biological effect and reduction of side effects (e.g., skin irritation through sensitizing active agents), which improves the skin tolerability. Regulatory aspects, such as submicron particle status, excipients, and certifications, are also discussed
A likely detection of a local interplanetary dust cloud passing near the Earth in the AKARI mid-infrared all-sky map
Context. We are creating the AKARI mid-infrared all-sky diffuse maps. Through
a foreground removal of the zodiacal emission, we serendipitously detected a
bright residual component whose angular size is about 50 x 20 deg. at a
wavelength of 9 micron. Aims. We investigate the origin and the physical
properties of the residual component. Methods. We measured the surface
brightness of the residual component in the AKARI mid-infrared all-sky maps.
Results. The residual component was significantly detected only in 2007
January, even though the same region was observed in 2006 July and 2007 July,
which shows that it is not due to the Galactic emission. We suggest that this
may be a small cloud passing near the Earth. By comparing the observed
intensity ratio of I_9um/I_18um with the expected intensity ratio assuming
thermal equilibrium of dust grains at 1 AU for various dust compositions and
sizes, we find that dust grains in the moving cloud are likely to be much
smaller than typical grains that produce the bulk of the zodiacal light.
Conclusions. Considering the observed date and position, it is likely that it
originates in the solar coronal mass ejection (CME) which took place on 2007
January 25.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysic
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