1,714 research outputs found
Weakly Equivalent Arrays
The (extensional) theory of arrays is widely used to model systems. Hence,
efficient decision procedures are needed to model check such systems. Current
decision procedures for the theory of arrays saturate the read-over-write and
extensionality axioms originally proposed by McCarthy. Various filters are used
to limit the number of axiom instantiations while preserving completeness. We
present an algorithm that lazily instantiates lemmas based on weak equivalence
classes. These lemmas are easier to interpolate as they only contain existing
terms. We formally define weak equivalence and show correctness of the
resulting decision procedure
Reply: Evaluation of management of desmoid tumours associated with familial adenomatous polyposis in Dutch patients
Cellular mechanisms in basic and clinical gastroenterology and hepatolog
Refinement Type Inference via Horn Constraint Optimization
We propose a novel method for inferring refinement types of higher-order
functional programs. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it can
infer maximally preferred (i.e., Pareto optimal) refinement types with respect
to a user-specified preference order. The flexible optimization of refinement
types enabled by the proposed method paves the way for interesting
applications, such as inferring most-general characterization of inputs for
which a given program satisfies (or violates) a given safety (or termination)
property. Our method reduces such a type optimization problem to a Horn
constraint optimization problem by using a new refinement type system that can
flexibly reason about non-determinism in programs. Our method then solves the
constraint optimization problem by repeatedly improving a current solution
until convergence via template-based invariant generation. We have implemented
a prototype inference system based on our method, and obtained promising
results in preliminary experiments.Comment: 19 page
Nonperturbative study of generalized ladder graphs in a \phi^2\chi theory
The Feynman-Schwinger representation is used to construct scalar-scalar bound
states for the set of all ladder and crossed-ladder graphs in a \phi^2\chi
theory in (3+1) dimensions. The results are compared to those of the usual
Bethe-Salpeter equation in the ladder approximation and of several
quasi-potential equations. Particularly for large couplings, the ladder
predictions are seen to underestimate the binding energy significantly as
compared to the generalized ladder case, whereas the solutions of the
quasi-potential equations provide a better correspondence. Results for the
calculated bound state wave functions are also presented.Comment: 5 pages revtex, 3 Postscripts figures, uses epsf.sty, accepted for
publication in Physical Review Letter
The influence of surface morphology and wettability on the inflammatory response against poly(L-lactic acid):A semi-quantitative study with monoclonal antibodies
In this study, the influence of surface morphology and wettability of both degradable and nondegradable polymer films on the inflammatory response after subcutaneous implantation in the rat was investigated. Degradable nonporous, porous, and combi (porous with a nonporous layer on one side) poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) films and nondegradable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and (porous) expanded PTFE (e-PTFE) were used. Contact angles measurements indicate that PLLA is more hydrophillic than PTFE. Assessment of the inflammatory response was performed after various periods of implantation (up till 180 days), with both conventional light microscopy and immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The inflammatory response observed initially can largely be considered as part of the wound healing reaction, and up till day 40 the inflammatory response against PLLA was minimally more intense than against PTFE (porous as well as nonporous). From day 40 on, the PLLA films provoke a more intense inflammatory response as compared to the PTFE films. Both porous PLLA and the porous side of the combi PLLA film provoke a more intense inflammatory response than nonporous PLLA and the nonporous side of the combi PLLA film, respectively. In general, PTFE and e-PTFE films provoke an inflammatory response which is minimally more intense than the one provoked by the sham operation. Almost no ingrowth of tissue was observed in the porous e-PTFE films. In contrast, there was abundant tissue ingrowth in and an inflammatory response against porous PLLA. It can be concluded that biodegradable PLLA films provoke a more intense inflammatory response than nondegradable PTFE films. Also, porosity enhances the inflammatory response. However, porosity enhances the inflammatory response only when the wettability of a biomaterial permits cellular ingrowth
Exact spinor-scalar bound states in a QFT with scalar interactions
We study two-particle systems in a model quantum field theory, in which
scalar particles and spinor particles interact via a mediating scalar field.
The Lagrangian of the model is reformulated by using covariant Green's
functions to solve for the mediating field in terms of the particle fields.
This results in a Hamiltonian in which the mediating-field propagator appears
directly in the interaction term. It is shown that exact two-particle
eigenstates of the Hamiltonian can be determined. The resulting relativistic
fermion-boson equation is shown to have Dirac and Klein-Gordon one-particle
limits. Analytic solutions for the bound state energy spectrum are obtained for
the case of massless mediating fields.Comment: 12 pages, RevTeX, 1 figur
Study of relativistic bound states for scalar theories in Bethe-Salpeter and Dyson-Schwinger formalism
The Bethe-Salpeter equation for Wick-Cutkosky like models is solved in
dressed ladder approximation. The bare vertex truncation of the Dyson-Schwinger
equations for propagators is combined with the dressed ladder Bethe-Salpeter
equation for the scalar S-wave bound state amplitudes. With the help of
spectral representation the results are obtained directly in Minkowski space.
We give a new analytic formula for the resulting equation simplifying the
numerical treatment. The bare ladder approximation of Bethe-Salpeter equation
is compared with the one with dressed ladder. The elastic electromagnetic form
factors is calculated within the relativistic impulse approximation.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Forced oscillation assessment of respiratory mechanics in ventilated patients
The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a method for non-invasively assessing respiratory mechanics that is applicable both in paralysed and non-paralysed patients. As the FOT requires a minimal modification of the conventional ventilation setting and does not interfere with the ventilation protocol, the technique is potentially useful to monitor patient mechanics during invasive and noninvasive ventilation. FOT allows the assessment of the respiratory system linearity by measuring resistance and reactance at different lung volumes or end-expiratory pressures. Moreover, FOT allows the physician to track the changes in patient mechanics along the ventilation cycle. Applying FOT at different frequencies may allow the physician to interpret patient mechanics in terms of models with pathophysiological interest. The current methodological and technical experience make possible the implementation of portable and compact computerised FOT systems specifically addressed to its application in the mechanical ventilation setting
- …