A magnified glance into the dark sector: probing cosmological models with strong lensing in A1689

In this paper we constrain four alternative models to the late cosmic acceleration in the Universe: Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL), interacting dark energy (IDE), Ricci holographic dark energy (HDE), and modified polytropic Cardassian (MPC). Strong lensing (SL) images of background galaxies produced by the galaxy cluster Abell $1689$ are used to test these models. To perform this analysis we modify the LENSTOOL lens modeling code. The value added by this probe is compared with other complementary probes: Type Ia supernovae (SNIa), baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), and cosmic microwave background (CMB). We found that the CPL constraints obtained of the SL data are consistent with those estimated using the other probes. The IDE constraints are consistent with the complementary bounds only if large errors in the SL measurements are considered. The Ricci HDE and MPC constraints are weak but they are similar to the BAO, SNIa and CMB estimations. We also compute the figure-of-merit as a tool to quantify the goodness of fit of the data. Our results suggest that the SL method provides statistically significant constraints on the CPL parameters but weak for those of the other models. Finally, we show that the use of the SL measurements in galaxy clusters is a promising and powerful technique to constrain cosmological models. The advantage of this method is that cosmological parameters are estimated by modelling the SL features for each underlying cosmology. These estimations could be further improved by SL constraints coming from other galaxy clusters.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Exact Solution to Finite Temperature SFDM: Natural Cores without Feedback

Recent high-quality observations of low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies have shown that their dark matter (DM) halos prefer flat central density profiles. On the other hand, the standard cold dark matter model simulations predict a more cuspy behavior. One mechanism to reconcile the simulations with the observed data is the feedback from star formation, this might be successful in isolated dwarf galaxies but its success in LSB galaxies remains unclear. Additionally, including too much feedback in the simulations is a double-edged sword, in order to obtain a cored DM distribution from an initially cuspy one, the feedback recipes usually require to remove a large quantity of baryons from the center of galaxies, however, some feedback recipes produce twice more satellite galaxies of a given luminosity and with much smaller mass to light ratios from those that are observed. Therefore, one DM profile that produces cores naturally and that does not require large amounts of feedback would be preferable. We find both requirements to be satisfied in the scalar field dark matter model. Here, we consider that the dark matter is an auto-interacting real scalar field in a thermal bath at temperature T with an initial $Z_2$ symmetric potential, as the universe expands, the temperature drops so that the $Z_2$ symmetry is spontaneously broken and the field rolls down to a new minimum. We give an exact analytic solution to the Newtonian limit of this system and show that it can satisfy the two desired requirements and that the rotation curve profile is not longer universal.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, this version matches the one accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Feeding Ecology of the Blackwing Searobin Prionotus rubio (Jordan, 1886) Over the Western Continental Shelf off Alvarado, Veracruz, Mexico

Seasonal changes of food habits of the blackwing searobin Prionotus rubio were studied over the continental shelf off Alvarado, Veracruz, Mexico, from Sept. 1994 to Aug. 1995. A total of 234 stomachs (182 with identifiable food) were analyzed. Brown shrimp Farfantopenaeus aztecus, blue crab Portunus spinicarpus, and rock shrimp Sicyonia dorsalis were the main dietary items. Low values of prey diversity and dietary breadth suggest the main prey were always relatively abundant over the western continental shelf of the Gulf of Mexico. We concluded the blackwing searobin is part of a trophic guild of demersal marine fish that impact mainly on epibenthic invertebrates

Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter phase transition from finite temperature symmetry breaking of Klein-Gordon fields

In this paper the thermal evolution of scalar field dark matter particles at finite cosmological temperatures is studied. Starting with a real scalar field in a thermal bath and using the one loop quantum corrections potential, we rewrite Klein-Gordon's (KG) equation in its hydrodynamical representation and study the phase transition of this scalar field due to a Z_2 symmetry breaking of its potential. A very general version of a nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation is obtained. When introducing Madelung's representation, the continuity and momentum equations for a non-ideal SFDM fluid are formulated, and the cosmological scenario with the SFDM described in analogy to an imperfect fluid is then considered where dissipative contributions are obtained in a natural way.Additional terms appear compared to those obtained in the classical version commonly used to describe the \LambdaCDM model, i.e., the ideal fluid. The equations and parameters that characterize the physical properties of the system such as its energy, momentum and viscous flow are related to the temperature of the system, scale factor, Hubble's expansion parameter and the matter energy density. Finally, some details on how galaxy halos and smaller structures might be able to form by condensation of this SF are given.Comment: Substantial changes have been made to the paper, following the referees recommendations. 16 pages. Published in Classical and Quantum Gravit

Main technical-productive characteristics of meliponiculture in two locations of the municipality of Calkiní, Campeche

Objective: to identify the main technical-productive characteristics of two production systems (traditional and technified) dedicated to meliponiculture in two locations in the municipality of Calkiní, Campeche. Design/methodology/approach: From August to December 2021, applications of semi-structured interviews of 60 reagents were carried out to the meliponiculturists of Pucnanchen and Santa Cruz. Where by means of the snowball method the population of meliponiculturists was found. Results: A total of 43 colonies of bees of the species M. beecheii (39 hobones and 14 technified boxes) were found. The meliponiculturists interviewed are over 49 years old and have an average of 10.75 colonies per meliponary. Likewise, the modern meli-ponarios have replaced the roofing with huano, by the use of galvanized sheet and the hobones have been replaced by the use of technified boxes for the breeding of native bees. Limitations of the study/implications: this study describes the technical-productive characteristics of the two production systems used in meliponiculture (traditional and technical) in two locations in the municipality of Calkiní, Campeche. Findings/conclusions: there is a reduction in the number of people who practice meliponiculture, which is an activity that is still rooted in rural communities and that still retains importance from the economic, cultural and cultural point of view. Social. The uses of melipona honey in the health of people belonging to rural communities, is an activity that still persists, as well as the customs associated with the religious context.Objective: To identify the main technical-productive characteristics of two meliponiculture production systems—traditional and technical—in two locations of the municipality of Calkiní, Campeche. Design/Methodology/Approach: Semi-structured interviews of 60 items were applied to bee growers from Pucnanchen and Santa Cruz between August and December 2021. The population of meliponiculturists was established by using the snowball method. Results: We found a total of 43 bee colonies of the M. beecheii species (39 hobones and 14 technified boxes). The interviewed meliponiculturists are over 49 years old and have an average of 10.75 colonies per meliponary. In modern meliponaries, galvanized metal sheets have replaced huano (Sabal yapa) leaf roofing. Likewise, some hobones have been replaced by technified boxes to breed native bees. Study limitations/Implications: This study describes the technical-productive characteristics of the two production systems (traditional and technical) used in meliponiculture in two locations of the municipality of Calkiní, Campeche. Findings/Conclusions: There is a decline in the number of people practicing meliponiculture, an activity still rooted in rural communities and that retains its economic, cultural, and social importance. In rural communities, the use of melipona honey for health purposes persists, as well as the religious customs associated with this type of honey