Palaeoenvironmental signatures revealed from rare earth element (REE) compositions of vertebrate microremains of the Vesiku Bone Bed (Homerian, Wenlock), Saaremaa Island, Estonia

The Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences is an open access journal and applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC BY to all its papers (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The attached file is the published version of the article

Inelastic contribution of the resistivity in the hidden order in URu2Si2

In the hidden order of URu2Si2 the resistivity at very low temperature shows no T^2 behavior above the transition to superconductivity. However, when entering the antiferromagnetic phase, the Fermi liquid behavior is recovered. We discuss the change of the inelastic term when entering the AF phase with pressure considering the temperature dependence of the Grueneisen parameter at ambient pressure and the influence of superconductivity by an extrapolation of high field data.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, SCES conference proceedin

Motives for Facebook use in an Australian sample

A survey of 209 Australians (17-69 years) was conducted to examine the motives for Facebook use, and how these factors related to individuals' belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaning. An initial factor analysis identified four distinct factors underlying motives for Facebook use: meeting people, relationship maintenance, monitoring relationships, and seeking information. These four factors extend previous research and help clarify the key reasons for Facebook use. Further analyses found that participants' age was negatively correlated with each of the motives for Facebook use factors. Multiple regressions were performed with each of the four motives regressed on age, gender, and the individuals' belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaning. All four of these variables contributed significantly to the prediction of factor 1 (meeting people). Only belonging was a significant predictor of factor 2 (relationship maintenance) and factor 3 (monitoring relationships). Both self-esteem and belonging were significant predictors of factor 4 (seeking information). This study included general community members and not just undergraduate students and therefore has wider applicability than previous research. Facebook use seems to be closely related to individuals' belonging across a wide age range

A C-band backscatter model for lake ice in Alaska

ERS-1 SAR imagery of lake ice growing on shallow tundra lakes in northern Alaska shows interesting radar backscatter variations. Based on the analysis of ice cores from these lakes, a multi-layer backscatter model comprised of the following elements has been developed: (1) specular air-ice; ice-water and ice-frozen soil boundaries; (2) an ice layer of variable thickness; (3) ice sub-layers with air inclusions of variable density, size and shape including spheres, prolate spheroids, and cylinders of finite length. Preliminary model results confirm that backscatter is a sensitive function of greater reflectivity than from an ice-frozen soil interface. The model has also been tested using bubble data derived from ice cores in April 1992. The modelled backscatter is compared with backscatter derived from ERS-1 SAR images obtained at the same time as the fieldwork

ERS-1 SAR backscatter changes associated with ice growing on shallow lakes in Arctic Alaska

Spatial and temporal backscatter intensity (sigma(sup o)) variations from ice growing on shallow lakes during winter 1991-92 near Barrow, NW Alaska, have been quantified for the first time using ERS-I C-band SAR data acquired at the Alaska SAR Facility. A field and laboratory validation program, including measurements of the thickness and structure-stratigraphy of the ice, indicates that sigma(sup o) values are strongly dependent on whether the ice freezes to the lake bottom, or remains afloat. Backscatter intensity decreases significantly when the ice grounds on the bottom. Strong backscatter from floating ice is attributed to a specular ice-water interface and vertically oriented tubular bubbles. During the spring thaw, backscatter undergoes a reversal; sigma(sup o) values from ice that was grounded increase, while sigma(sup o) values from ice that was afloat decrease. This phenomenon has not previously been reported