An internet of things based smart waste system

The importance of preserving the environment from waste and its pollution lies in many matters such as preserving people health, enhancing the aesthetic character of cites, attracting tourists, and protecting society from environmental disasters. The environmental wastes are the main dilemmas in our daily life and in the world at large. With the existence of modern technology, development and the field of the internet, many solutions have been undertaken to get rid these dilemmas. In this paper, a smart waste system based on internet of things (IoT) technique has been proposed using ESP-32 Wi-Fi microcontroller. This system can be adopted to avoid the accumulation of waste in the streets that distort the face of civilization, also to reduce the burden of workers and limit the workforce. The system is based on a multiple sensors in the garbage baskets, as they measure the waste level by using ultrasonic sensor, the moisture percent and temperature degree using DHT-22 sensor. The sensors data are processed by ESP32 microcontroller and displayed to both LCD screen using I2C protocol and mobile application using IoT cloud. System baskets automatically open their covers when the person approaches with a distance less or equal to 30 cm to throw garbage. Any approval waste basket is automatically discharged through an underground dump system using conveyor belt if the basket is full by 80% garbage and/or the basket moisture reaches to 40%

Relationship Between Helicobacter pylori Infection Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration Bordering

Helicobacter pylori gastritis results in an increased secretion of basal and meal-stimulated gastrin, which is also a physiologic amplifier of insulin release. Aim of the study: To detect the relationship between H. pylori infection and fasting blood glucose concentration. The study was performed on 209 patients (112 females and 97 males) and 22 control subjects were referring to Immunology Dep. in Central Public Health Laboratories for the period from August 2007 to June 2008, where H.pylori was diagnosed serologically. Fasting serum glucose concentrations had been measured by the glucose oxidase procedure. The fasting plasma glucose was significantly lower in H. pylori infected patients than non-infected ones. Seropositive anti-H.pylori IgG antibodies were detected in 36.6% of women participants (41/112) and in 37.1% of men participants (36/97). The research findings indicate a positive association between H. pylori infection and fasting serum glucose concentrations, indicating that H. pylori infection and related gastrointestinal disorder may be related to glycaemic status

SGLT1 contributes to glucose-mediated exacerbation of ischemia–reperfusion injury in ex vivo rat heart

Hyperglycaemia is common during acute coronary syndromes (ACS) irrespective of diabetic status and portends excess infarct size and mortality, but the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. We hypothesized that sodium/glucose linked transporter-1 (SGLT1) might contribute to the effect of high-glucose during ACS and examined this using an ex-vivo rodent heart model of ischaemia–reperfusion injury. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to 35 min ischemia and 2 h reperfusion, with variable glucose and reciprocal mannitol given during reperfusion in the presence of pharmacological inhibitors of SGLT1. Myocardial SGLT1 expression was determined in rat by rtPCR, RNAscope and immunohistochemistry, as well as in human by single-cell transcriptomic analysis. High glucose in non-diabetic rat heart exacerbated reperfusion injury, significantly increasing infarct size from 45 ± 3 to 65 ± 4% at 11–22 mmol/L glucose, respectively (p < 0.01), an association absent in diabetic heart (32 ± 1–37 ± 5%, p = NS). Rat heart expressed SGLT1 RNA and protein in vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes, with similar expression found in human myocardium by single-nucleus RNA-sequencing. Rat SGLT1 expression was significantly reduced in diabetic versus non-diabetic heart (0.608 ± 0.08 compared with 1.116 ± 0.13 probe/nuclei, p < 0.01). Pharmacological inhibitors phlorizin, canagliflozin or mizagliflozoin in non-diabetic heart revealed that blockade of SGLT1 but not SGLT2, abrogated glucose-mediated excess reperfusion injury. Elevated glucose is injurious to the rat heart during reperfusion, exacerbating myocardial infarction in non-diabetic heart, whereas the diabetic heart is resistant to raised glucose, a finding which may be explained by lower myocardial SGLT1 expression. SGLT1 is expressed in vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes and inhibiting SGLT1 abrogates excess glucose-mediated infarction. These data highlight SGLT1 as a potential clinical translational target to improve morbidity/mortality outcomes in hyperglycemic ACS patients

Autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Variation Based on 15 Loci in a Population from the Central Region (Riyadh Province) of Saudi Arabia

INTRODUCTION: The small size of Short Tandem Repeats (STRs), their ubiquitous genome-wide distribution and polymorphic nature enhances their value in human forensic/population genetics applications. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the short tandem repeat variation based on 15 loci in a population from the central region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Allele frequency variation for 15 Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci was examined in 190 unrelated Saudi volunteers. Results: This study summarizes the allele distribution in the Saudi population and compares them to other populations located in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Europe. The standard forensic parameters of Observed Hetrozygosity (Ho), Expected Heterozygosity (He) and Gene Diversity Index (GD) were determined for the following 15 STR loci: D8S1179, D21S1, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH0, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S5, D5S818 and FGA. The most frequent alleles in the Saudi population were: 8 repeats (0.558) at TPOX, 12 (0.411) at D13S317, 12 (0.385) at CSF1PO, 11 (0.382) at D16D539 and 10 (0.358) at D7S820. The 15 markers utilized in this study are highly informative as evidenced by their high power of discrimination (PD) values with D2S1338, D19S433 and FGA having the highest PD values. The relationship between the Saudi population and other geographically distributed populations, assessed by a Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) plot, showed that the Saudi population clustered with groups from Yemen, Iraq, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain. CONCLUSION: TPOX, D13S317, CSF1PO, D16D539 and D7S820 markers were found suitable for forensic analysis, paternity testing and can also be used for chimerism study after allogenic bone marrow transplantation for Saudi population. On the other hand, the population admixture with other ethnic origins might explain the variable degree of genetic distances of this population and other Arab-related groups

Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, body composition and biological and reproductive performances of adult yellow fin sea bream, Acanthopagrus latus

A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and reproductive performance and biochemical composition of Acanthopagrus latus broodstock. Nine diets representing a combination of three protein levels (40, 50 and 60%) and three lipid levels (15, 20 and 25%) were tested with three replicates in 1140 L cylindrical tanks. Each replicate was stocked with 10 fish with a sex ratio of 1:1 and the average weights were 415g and 236g for females and males respectively. Fish were fed to satiation, twice daily. The growth of females was not significantly affected (P >0.05) protein and lipid levels but growth of males was significantly affected (P<0.05) by dietary protein and lipid levels. Except of protein and lipid efficiency ratios, feed utilization performances of A. latus broodstock was significantly influenced by dietary protein and lipid levels. Reproductive performances of A. latus broodstock was significantly affected by dietary protein and lipid levels, except of buoyant eggs and fertilization rate percentages. Egg dimension, hatchling and 3 day-old larvae were significantly (P<0.05) affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Body crude protein and lipid concentration were significantly (P<0.05) affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Protein and lipid concentration of newly hatch and 3 day post hatching larvae varied significantly (P<0.05), whereas only the crude lipid content of the egg varied significantly (P<0.05) with the change of dietary protein and lipid levels. The ratio essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid of carcass, egg, newly hatched and 3 days post hatching larvae were significantly influenced by dietary protein and lipid levels. Fatty acid profile of carcass, liver, egg, hatchling and 3 days post hatching larvae was generally affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. The present study revealed that the best biological and reproductive performance of Acanthopagrus latus broodstock could be achieved at 60% dietary protein and 20% dietary lipid concentration

Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on the growth, feed utilization and body composition of yellow fin seabream Acanthopagrus latus juvenile

A feeding trial was carried out where, three protein concentrations [45%, 55% and 65%, crude protein (CP)] was fed to yellow fin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus) fingerlings at three dietary energy concentrations [20, 22and 24 Kj g-1 crude energy (CE)] ,to determine the protein and energy requirement for this species. Triplicate groups of 20 fish (average weight 12±.2g) was each stocked in 300-L fiberglass tanks and fed twice a day to apparent satiation. After 8 weeks, the survival was independent of the dietary treatments, but the average fish weight gain (AWG), specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were significantly affected by dietary protein (P 0.05). PER, PR, GER, VSI and IFR increased with the increase of energy from 20 to 24 Kj g-1 at the same protein level. Carcass moisture, fat and ash contents were affected by dietary protein and energy levels (P<0.05). Carcass energy content increased with increasing dietary energy, but carcass moisture was decreased with increasing dietary energy from 20 to 24 Kj g-1.. It was concluded that the optimum dietary protein and energy level for growth of juvenile yellow fin sea bream maybe 562-574.7 g kg-1diet and 21.9- 24.56 Kj g-1 respectively

MED27 Variants Cause Developmental Delay, Dystonia, and Cerebellar Hypoplasia

The Mediator multiprotein complex functions as a regulator of RNA polymerase II-catalyzed gene transcription. In this study, exome sequencing detected biallelic putative disease-causing variants in MED27, encoding Mediator complex subunit 27, in 16 patients from 11 families with a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome. Patient phenotypes are highly homogeneous, including global developmental delay, intellectual disability, axial hypotonia with distal spasticity, dystonic movements, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Seizures and cataracts were noted in severely affected individuals. Identification of multiple patients with biallelic MED27 variants supports the critical role of MED27 in normal human neural development, particularly for the cerebellum. ANN NEUROL 2021Peer reviewe

Isolation and Characterisation of Halotolerant Bacteria and Algae and their Potential for Biofuel Production

The first aim of the project was to isolate, identify and characterize salt tolerant bacteria from river and pond water. This aim was achieved by the isolation of the salt tolerant bacterium Enterococcus amnigenus from water samples taken from Weston Park pond and by the isolation of the salt tolerant bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens from a dew pond in the Derbyshire Peak District. E. amnigenus in common with many enterococci, is a potential pathogen, but it also has uses in industry as a producer of bacterial cellulose. P. fluorescens is a ubiquitous organism found in marine and soil environments and has been well characterized as an important biofilm-forming organism and as a rhizobacterium. The second aim of the project was to isolate salt-tolerant microalgae from the fresh water Weston Park pond and this was successfully achieved by isolating and identifying two algal species - the diatom Navicula pelliculosa and the green alga Chlorella sp. Initial work measuring total lipid concentrations suggested that Navicula was the most promising organism for biofuel production due to having a total lipid concentration of around 20%. Further characterization of Navicula was undertaken to investigate its suitability for biofuel production. It was shown to grow under conditions of high pH and high salinity, making it a candidate species for growth in outdoor raceway ponds. Experiments using Nile Red fluorescence to measure neutral lipid production indicated that stress conditions (high salinity or high pH) could increase the neutral lipid accumulation by Navicula cells. To grow in high salinity (up to 0.8 M NaCl), Navicula cells must balance the external osmotic potential by accumulating a compatible solute within the cells. NMR analysis showed that the compatible solute accumulated by Navicula is glucosylglycerol, which is not normally found in diatoms

Effect of aqueous extract of green tea on sexual efficiency in adult male rats

This experiment was designed to study the effects of treatment with green tea (10 g /750ml deionized boiled water) for 30 days on some physiological and histological changes of male reproductive system of rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by alloxan (100 mg/kg body weight). The study showed that treatment with alloxan (100 mg/kg body weight), caused a significant decrease in body weights, epididymal body and seminal vesicles weight. total number of epididymal sperm, percentage of live sperms, with significant increase in epididymal head,tail and prostate gland weight, percentage of dead sperms and sperm abnormalities, but there is no significant changes in the weight of the testes in the rats treated with alloxan.Treatment of rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by alloxan (100 mg/kg body weight) with green tea (10 g/750ml deionized boiled water) for 30 days in drinking water caused a significant increase in body weights, epididymal body & seminal vesicles, percentage of live sperms, with decrease in epididymal head, tail and prostate gland weights, percentage of dead sperms and sperm abnormalities as compared with alloxan treated group. With decrease in the total number of epididymal sperm count as compared with control. Histopathological changes observed in the testes of rats treated with alloxan (100 mg/kg) included presence of abnormal spermatids with decrease in the number of sperms in the lumen of seminiferous tubules in addition to irregular division of germ cells.Treatment with green tea caused improvement in the histology of the testes. It was concluded that aqueous extract of green tea exerted an antioxidant effect on the histopathological aspects of the male reproductive system of rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by alloxan