Determination of Sex Using Hand Dimensions

Background: Whenever unknown or mutilated dead bodiesor dismembered body parts are found, crime investigative agencies focuses on establishment of identity of deceased in their primary investigation. Determination of sex from dismembered body parts can play vital role for identification of deceased. Present study can be helpful in such cases to determine sex from Hand dimensions, if isolated hand is found. Present study was done with the aim to derive cut off points for Hand length, breadth and Hand index to differentiate male and female.Methods: Value more than cut off point denotes male and less than that denotes female. Total 100 male and 100 female cases were randomly selected from cadavers brought for post-mortem examination at mortuary of P.D.U. Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Rajkot. Hand length and breadth was measured by sliding caliperup to nearest 0.1 cm after breaking Rigor mortis, if developed. Collected data were statistically analysed using software like Epi info 7 and Microsoft excel 2007.Results: No significant bilateral difference was found in Hand length (P>0.05) but Hand breadth was showing significant bilateral difference (P<0.05). However, bilateral difference in Hand breadth was relatively small (0.17 cm for males and 0.15 cm for females, on an average). So, combined right and left hand measurements were used to derive cut off points. Cut off point to differentiate male and female for Hand length, breadth and index were 17.2, 7.7 and 44.6 respectively.Conclusion: Hand length, breadth and Hand index are showing sexual dimorphism and therefore they can be used for determination of sex when isolated hand is found. Hand breadth was showing highest accuracy in determination of sex, followed by Hand length and Hand index

A single centre experience with CytoSorb® as an adjunct therapy in critically ill patients with sepsis: a case series

Objective: Sepsis is an immune response to infections that are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. This potentially life-threatening condition is associated with high mortality and morbidity that causes a major global health burden and hence requires intense therapeutic support and close monitoring. As a result, substantial work has been done to enhance outcomes by focusing on alternate treatment strategies. One such approach is CytoSorb®, an extracorporeal blood purification therapy that is used for elevated cytokines levels in patients admitted to ICU suffering from sepsis and septic shock, cytokine release syndrome, COVID-19, ARDS, etc. We present authors’ experience of using CytoSorb® therapy as an adjuvant in six critically ill patients from India with sepsis or septic shock. Patients and Methods: In this case series, we report the outcomes of six severely ill Indian adults with sepsis or septic shock who were treated by CytoSorb® as an adjuvant therapy. Results: All patients across wide age groups demonstrated significantly reduced inflammatory mediators and vital parameters when CytoSorb® therapy was initiated within 24 hours of admission in ICU. It was also found to be effective and safe in patients with COVID-19 and associated post-COVID symptoms. The present case series showed rapid hemodynamic stability and enhanced survival in all patients except one, as a consequence of hemoadsorption utilizing CytoSorb®, especially in individuals for whom therapy was initiated early. Conclusions: CytoSorb® treatment is efficient in cases where elevated levels of cytokines lead to hyperinflammation. It not only resolves excessive inflammation, but also improves organ dysfunction and provides further clinical benefits in severely ill patients

Studies on synthesis and Reduction of Graphene Oxide from Natural Graphite by using Chemical Method

Graphene is a material with rapidly growing interest. It consists of flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice and is basic building block for all graphitic materials. Interest in Graphene is because of its excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical properties and its very high specific surface area. Studies have been performed on wet oxidation of natural graphite by using Modified Hummers Method followed by exfoliation and reduction in order toВ  synthesise graphene from Graphite Oxide (GO). Acid route has been followed for oxidation whereas reduction has been carried out in water with hydrazine hydrate and Sodium Borohydrate. It results in to a material with characteristics that are comparable to those of pristine graphite. The reaction at every step has been characterized by using FTIR, TGA, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and surface area measurement

A monoclinic polymorph of 4-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine

The title compound, C17H15N3O2, is a monoclinic polymorph (P21/c with Z′ = 1) of the previously reported triclinic (P-1 with Z′ = 2) form [Gajera et al. (2013). Acta Cryst. E69, o736–o737]. The molecule in the monoclinic polymorph features a central pyrazolyl ring with an N-bound p-tolyl group and a C-bound 1,3-benzodioxolyl fused-ring system on either side of the C atom bearing the amino group. The dihedral angles between the central ring and the N- and C-bound rings are 50.06 (5) and 27.27 (5)°, respectively. The angle between the pendent rings is 77.31 (4)°, indicating the molecule has a twisted conformation. The five-membered dioxolyl ring has an envelope conformation with the methylene C atom being the flap. The relative disposition of the amino and dioxolyl substituents is syn. One of the independent molecules in the triclinic form has a similar syn disposition but the other has an anti arrangement of these substituents. In the crystal structure of the monoclinic form, molecules assemble into supramolecular helical chains via amino–pyrazolyl N—H...N hydrogen bonds. These are linked into layers via C—H...π interactions, and layers stack along the a axis with no specific interactions between them

Changes in expression of polyamines and ethylene biosynthesis genes in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes during Sclerotium rolfsii infection

476-483Stem rot disease caused by fungal pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., is potential threat to groundnut production in warm and humid condition. After host-pathogen interaction, a multitude of plant resistance associated reactions are initiated. In the present investigation we studied the role of polyamines and ethylene during host-pathogen interaction in stem rot tolerant (CS319, GG17 and GG31) and susceptible (TG37A) groundnut genotypes at 24, 48 and 72 h after infection. Stem rot tolerant genotypes showed higher expression of polyamine biosynthesis genes ornithine decarboxylase (Ordec), spermine synthase (Sms) and lipoxygenase1 (LOX1) gene at 72 h after infection than that of susceptible genotype TG37A. The expression analysis of ethylene biosynthesis genes (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase: ACCO and (ACCS) showed up regulation in stem rot susceptible genotype TG37A than that of tolerant genotypes after infection at all stages (24, 48 and 72 h after infection). The expression of amine oxidase (AMO) gene was observed highest in stem rot susceptible genotype TG37A while minimum in GJG31. Expression of this gene was remarkably induced in TG37A which may leads to higher accumulation of H2O2. Higher content of a polyamine, putrescine was found in the leaves of stem rot tolerant genotypes at 48 and 72 h after infection. These results implied that tolerant genotypes induced higher polyamine biosynthesis which may involve in plant defense and impart tolerance/ resistance. While, susceptible genotype (TG37A), utilized higher flux of S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) for ethylene biosynthesis which may leads to necrosis of plants. Thus, stem rot resistant genotypes may be developed through genetic manipulation of polyamine biosynthesis pathway

Changes in expression of polyamines and ethylene biosynthesis genes in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes during Sclerotium rolfsii infection

Stem rot disease caused by fungal pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., is potential threat to groundnut production in warm and humid condition. After host-pathogen interaction, a multitude of plant resistance associated reactions are initiated. In the present investigation we studied the role of polyamines and ethylene during host-pathogen interaction in stem rot tolerant (CS319, GG17 and GG31) and susceptible (TG37A) groundnut genotypes at 24, 48 and 72 h after infection. Stem rot tolerant genotypes showed higher expression of polyamine biosynthesis genes ornithine decarboxylase (Ordec), spermine synthase (Sms) and lipoxygenase1 (LOX1) gene at 72 h after infection than that of susceptible genotype TG37A. The expression analysis of ethylene biosynthesis genes (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase: ACCO and (ACCS) showed up regulation in stem rot susceptible genotype TG37A than that of tolerant genotypes after infection at all stages (24, 48 and 72 h after infection). The expression of amine oxidase (AMO) gene was observed highest in stem rot susceptible genotype TG37A while minimum in GJG31. Expression of this gene was remarkably induced in TG37A which may leads to higher accumulation of H2O2. Higher content of a polyamine, putrescine was found in the leaves of stem rot tolerant genotypes at 48 and 72 h after infection. These results implied that tolerant genotypes induced higher polyamine biosynthesis which may involve in plant defense and impart tolerance/ resistance. While, susceptible genotype (TG37A), utilized higher flux of S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) for ethylene biosynthesis which may leads to necrosis of plants. Thus, stem rot resistant genotypes may be developed through genetic manipulation of polyamine biosynthesis pathway

Mutations in Zebrafish lrp2 Result in Adult-Onset Ocular Pathogenesis That Models Myopia and Other Risk Factors for Glaucoma

The glaucomas comprise a genetically complex group of retinal neuropathies that typically occur late in life and are characterized by progressive pathology of the optic nerve head and degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. In addition to age and family history, other significant risk factors for glaucoma include elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and myopia. The complexity of glaucoma has made it difficult to model in animals, but also challenging to identify responsible genes. We have used zebrafish to identify a genetically complex, recessive mutant that shows risk factors for glaucoma including adult onset severe myopia, elevated IOP, and progressive retinal ganglion cell pathology. Positional cloning and analysis of a non-complementing allele indicated that non-sense mutations in low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 (lrp2) underlie the mutant phenotype. Lrp2, previously named Megalin, functions as an endocytic receptor for a wide-variety of bioactive molecules including Sonic hedgehog, Bone morphogenic protein 4, retinol-binding protein, vitamin D-binding protein, and apolipoprotein E, among others. Detailed phenotype analyses indicated that as lrp2 mutant fish age, many individuals—but not all—develop high IOP and severe myopia with obviously enlarged eye globes. This results in retinal stretch and prolonged stress to retinal ganglion cells, which ultimately show signs of pathogenesis. Our studies implicate altered Lrp2-mediated homeostasis as important for myopia and other risk factors for glaucoma in humans and establish a new genetic model for further study of phenotypes associated with this disease

The wideband printed monopole antenna using defected ground structure for S and C band applications

In this Paper, a wideband printed monopole antenna (PMA) using defected ground structure has been proposed for S and C band applications. The conventional PMA is designed with the center frequency of 4 GHz using low-loss dielectric substrate Glass Epoxy (FR4) with dielectric constant (εr)= 4.4 and substrate thickness of 1.575mm. The band width of this PMA is enhanced by etching the two square shaped slots in the ground plane. The dimensions and the positions of the DGS slots are finalized by thorough optimization. The simulation results demonstrate more than 4.3 dBi peak gain with wide bandwidth of 5.2 GHz and ideal monopole radiations. The prototypes are fabricated and the experimental validation of the simulation results is under process