Ground Response Analysis for Two Selected Sites in Al-Hilla City in the Middle of Iraq

يصف تحليل الاستجابة الأرضية أيضا دراسة تضخيم التربة ويتضمن حساب الفترات الطبيعية للموقع، وتضخيم الحركة الأرضية، وتقييم قابلية تمييع التربة، وتحليل الاستقرارية. الميزات المهمة التي يتم أخذها في الاعتبار للتحليل هي خصائص صخور الاساس التحتية، موقع وميل حجر الأساس، تضاريس حجر الاساس ورواسب التربة، والفوالق في رواسب التربة. في هذا البحث، تم اختيار موقعين في مدينة الحلة للبحث في تحليل الاستجابة الأرضية. وتضمنت الفحوصات المختبرية محتوى الرطوبة، وحدود اتيربيرغ، وبمعرفة توزيع حجم الحبيبات تم رسم منحنيات توزيع الحجم الحبيبي للرواسب النهرية المتواجدة، في حين شمل العمل الميداني: قياسات سرعة موجة القص vs وحساب قيمة N -  من فحص الاختراق القياسي (قيم ال SPT) لكل موقع. التوصيف الجيوتقني، اوضح أن التربة في الموقعين تسود عليها الرمال الغرينية والطين الغريني. تحليل استجابة الموقع لحركة الأرض طبق باستخدام برنامج Proshake. نتائج التحليل الخطي المكافئ بينت أن قمة تسارع سطح الأرض تتراوح بين 0.0523g إلى 0.0639g. عامل التضخيم للتسارع في مدى ما بين 1.048 إلى 1.27.Ground response analysis also termed as soil amplification study comprises the calculation of site natural periods, ground motion amplification, evaluation of liquefaction potential, and stability analysis. The important features that are considered for analysis are characteristics of soil overlying bedrock, bedrock location and inclination, topography of bedrock and soil deposits, faults in the soil deposits. In this paper, two sites within Al-Hilla city were selected to investigate the ground response analysis. Laboratory tests  included moisture content, Aterbberg limits , and  the  grain size distribution curves have been developed to understand the particle size distribution of the alluvium present, while field work included: shear wave velocity measurements and N-value calculation. From geotechnical characterization, it has been observed that the soil profile in the two sites is dominated by silty sand and silty clay. The site response analysis of ground motion was carried out using Proshake software. The results of the equivalent linear analysis show that the peak surface ground acceleration ranges between 0.0523g to 0.0639g. The amplification factor for acceleration is in the range between 1.048 to 1.27

Culture and Identity in the Work of an Historian of Ottoman Basra

In comparison to other Ottoman Arab provinces, little has been written on Ottoman Iraq, and still less on Basra, historically Iraq's main outlet to the sea. To the vast majority of Arab historians, Basra only retains its importance because of its dominant contribution to the intellectual and religious debates of early Islam. Its later development as a key trading port for the Ottoman Empire is largely glossed over by those scholars still riveted by the 'golden age' of Islamic thought. And yet, Basra's social, demographic and intellectual evolution in the 18th and 19th centuries largely set the pattern for the province's interaction with Istanbul and the larger region throughout the rest of the Ottoman period

Keterampilan Sosial Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Dasar Inklusi

Based on preliminary study, obtained some facts related to the social skills of students with special needs in inclusion elementary school. The problems include how the fifth grade students with special needs in inclusion elementary school tend to be less able to respond to others, show less acceptable behaviors by others, and have less adaptive behavior. The purpose of this study is to describe the social skills of students with special needs in inclusion elementary school. In general, research result shows that social skills of students with special needs is varied. Students with autism tend to have low social skills. Students with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is likely to have some aspects of low social skills. Students with intellectual disability tend to have moderate social skills.Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan diperoleh beberapa fakta terkait keterampilan sosial siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusi. Permasalahan tersebut di antaranya siswa berkebutuhan khusus kelas V di SDN inklusi cenderung kurang mampu merespon orang lain, cenderung memiliki perilaku yang kurang dapat diterima oleh orang lain, dan cenderung memiliki perilaku yang kurang adaptif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan secara mendalam tentang keterampilan sosial siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusi. Hasil penelitian ini secara umum yaitu keterampilan sosial siswa berkebutuhan khusus berbeda-beda. Siswa autis cenderung memiliki keterampilan sosial yang rendah. Siswa ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) cenderung memiliki beberapa aspek keterampilan sosial yang rendah. Siswa tunagrahita cenderung memiliki keterampilan sosial yang sedang

Suasana Batin Siswa Kelas VI SD Mengenai Lingkungan Fisik dan Lingkungan Sosial di Lokalisasi Ilegal

This article contains the results of research: the mood of the students in illegal prostitution\u27s place. This study aims to reveal the mood of students about the physical environment and the social environment in the illegal prostitution\u27s place. This study used a qualitative approach with case study design. The results of the study is physical environment and social environment in illegal prostitution\u27s place tend to be less support of students to learning. Students feel uncomfortable with the situation, thus inhibiting the cognitive and social development.Artikel ini berisi hasil penelitian mengenai suasana batin siswa kelas VI SD di lokalisasi ilegal. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya kesulitan belajar siswa di lingkungan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap suasana batin siswa mengenai lingkungan fisik dan lingkungan sosial di lokalisasi ilegal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, lingkungan fisik dan sosial di lokalisasi ilegal cenderung kurang mendukung siswa. Hal ini menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan pada suasana batin siswa sehingga menghambat perkembangan kognitif serta psikososial siswa

Application of numerical modeling for optimization of selective hot water extraction of taxifolin from ‘milk thistle’ seeds

The term flavonoid is used for a class of plant chemicals known for their activity as highly potent antioxidants and accordingly their ability to protect the body against oxidative and free radical damage. Taxifolin has attracted our attention because it constitutes the flavonoid moiety in ‘milk thistle’ seeds. In this research, a novel optimization-extraction method of taxifolin from ‘milk thistle’ seeds has been developed. Total antioxidant content was measured to monitor the efficiency of the extraction under different experimental conditions (solid- liquid ratio, extraction time and extraction temperature /pressure). Response surface methodology based on numerical modeling was adopted for optimization of extraction procedures. High pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC) analysis was applied to identify taxifolin and some other phenolics in the ‘milk thistle’ extract. Using this method allowed the development of an empirical polynomial model for the production of antioxidants compounds from ‘milk thistle’ seeds. Application of such models is of great importance for pharmaceutical industries.Key words: Milk thistle, extraction, numerical modeling, antioxidant, high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC)

Ramanovi i fotoluminescentni spektri čistih i kositrom obogaćenih tankih slojeva CdS pripremljenih prskanjem i pirolizom

Thin films of CdS, pure and enriched with different concentrations of tin up to 6%, were prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique. All samples were prepared at the deposition temperature of 420 ◦C. The XRD diagnostic data of the investigated samples revealed the polycrystalline nature of the as-deposited samples. The main characteristic peaks of CdS appeared in both pure and enriched films prepared by all used methods. The enrichment of Sn has no effect on positions of the characteristic peaks. The observed effect of Sn enrichment is the change in peak broadening which increases with the increase of Sn concentration. The thickness values ranged from 0.65 up to 1.15 µm. The samples of pure CdS show a sharp absorption edge at about 2.43 eV. The absorption coefficient α of the investigated samples was calculated from transmission and reflection spectra. Photoluminescence measurements show red emission band of the as-deposited samples, which was quenched by Sn incorporation. This band is ascribed to the excess of Cd which was checked by the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry. Raman spectra of samples with different concentrations of Sn were studied. They show remarkable increase of intensity when increasing the film thickness and decreasing the Sn concentration.Metodom prskanja i pirolize pripremali smo čiste i do 6% kositrom obogaćene tanke slojeve CdS. Sve uzorke smo pripremali na temperaturi polaganja od 420 ◦C. XRD spektri ispitivanih uzoraka pokazuju polikristaliničnu strukturu. Glavni karakteristični vrhovi CdS vide se i u čistim i u obogaćenim uzorcima pripremljenim primijenjenim metodama. Obogaćenje kositrom nema utjecaja na položaje karakterističnih vrhova. Međutim, javlja se proširenje vrhova koje se povećava pri povećanim koncentracijama kositra. Izmjerene i izračunate debljine slojeva su u skladu. Debljine slojeva bile su između 0.65 i 1.15 µm. Uzorci CdS pokazuju oštar apsorpcijski rub na oko 2.43 eV. Apsorpcijske koeficijente α ispitivanih uzoraka smo izveli iz transmisijskih i refleksijskih spektara. Mjerenja fotoluminescencije pokazuju crvenu emisijsku vrpcu koja trne dodavanjem kositra. Ta se vrpca tumači viškom Cd što smo potvrdili disperzivnom rendgenskom spektrometrijom (EDX). Proučavali smo i Ramanove spektre uzoraka s raznim koncentracijama kositra. Oni pokazuju snažan porast intenziteta za slojeve veće debljine i manje koncentracije kositra

Ramanovi i fotoluminescentni spektri čistih i kositrom obogaćenih tankih slojeva CdS pripremljenih prskanjem i pirolizom

Thin films of CdS, pure and enriched with different concentrations of tin up to 6%, were prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique. All samples were prepared at the deposition temperature of 420 ◦C. The XRD diagnostic data of the investigated samples revealed the polycrystalline nature of the as-deposited samples. The main characteristic peaks of CdS appeared in both pure and enriched films prepared by all used methods. The enrichment of Sn has no effect on positions of the characteristic peaks. The observed effect of Sn enrichment is the change in peak broadening which increases with the increase of Sn concentration. The thickness values ranged from 0.65 up to 1.15 µm. The samples of pure CdS show a sharp absorption edge at about 2.43 eV. The absorption coefficient α of the investigated samples was calculated from transmission and reflection spectra. Photoluminescence measurements show red emission band of the as-deposited samples, which was quenched by Sn incorporation. This band is ascribed to the excess of Cd which was checked by the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry. Raman spectra of samples with different concentrations of Sn were studied. They show remarkable increase of intensity when increasing the film thickness and decreasing the Sn concentration.Metodom prskanja i pirolize pripremali smo čiste i do 6% kositrom obogaćene tanke slojeve CdS. Sve uzorke smo pripremali na temperaturi polaganja od 420 ◦C. XRD spektri ispitivanih uzoraka pokazuju polikristaliničnu strukturu. Glavni karakteristični vrhovi CdS vide se i u čistim i u obogaćenim uzorcima pripremljenim primijenjenim metodama. Obogaćenje kositrom nema utjecaja na položaje karakterističnih vrhova. Međutim, javlja se proširenje vrhova koje se povećava pri povećanim koncentracijama kositra. Izmjerene i izračunate debljine slojeva su u skladu. Debljine slojeva bile su između 0.65 i 1.15 µm. Uzorci CdS pokazuju oštar apsorpcijski rub na oko 2.43 eV. Apsorpcijske koeficijente α ispitivanih uzoraka smo izveli iz transmisijskih i refleksijskih spektara. Mjerenja fotoluminescencije pokazuju crvenu emisijsku vrpcu koja trne dodavanjem kositra. Ta se vrpca tumači viškom Cd što smo potvrdili disperzivnom rendgenskom spektrometrijom (EDX). Proučavali smo i Ramanove spektre uzoraka s raznim koncentracijama kositra. Oni pokazuju snažan porast intenziteta za slojeve veće debljine i manje koncentracije kositra

Pengembangan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Berprestasi Anak Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (Studi Kasus pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Blitar)

This article contains the result of research on the learning motivation development of student good achievement Indonesian labor in the elementary school district in Blitar. This research based on the good achievement students which is the parents were Indonesian labor. This research aims to know the good achievement students needs related to the study activities. This research used the qualitative approach with the case study draft. Based on the research, the study motivation of student good achievement can grow well. It's happen because the student good achievement needs related to the study activities are met.Artikel ini berisi hasil penelitian mengenai pengembangan motivasi belajar siswa berprestasi anak tenaga kerja Indonesia di Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Blitar. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya prestasi belajar baik yang mampu di raih oleh siswa yang merupakan anak dari orangtua yang berstatus sebagai tenaga kerja Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kebutuhan-kebutuhan siswa berprestasi yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan belajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, motivasi belajar siswa berprestasi dapat tumbuh dengan baik. Hal ini dikarenakan kebutuhan-kebutuhan yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan belajar siswa berprestsai dapat terpenuhi

Psychometric characteristics of the Muslim Religiosity Scale in Iranian patients with cancer

Objective: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Religiosity is a factor that may help cancer patients to cope with their disease. The aim of the current study was to validate a Persian translation of the Muslim Religiosity Scale (MRS) in a population of Iranian patientswith cancer. Method: Two thousand patients were invited to participate in this multisite study, of whom 1,879 participated. Patients completed a demographic questionnaire, the MRS, and several scales, including the Patient Health Questionnaire–9, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the SF–12 quality of life measure. Backward– forward translation was employed to develop a Persian-language version of theMRS. Cronbach’s alpha and two-week test–retest reliability were also assessed. Convergent and discriminative validity as well as the factor structure of the scale were also examined. Results: The internal reliability (a) of the religious practices and beliefs subscales was 0.88 and 0.92, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.92 (range ¼ 0.75–1.0). The scale demonstrated solid convergent and discriminative validity. Factor analysis indicated two main factors, as predicted, with an appropriate goodness of fit (x2 ¼ 76.23,RMSEA ¼ 0.065). Such factors asmarital status, quality of life, social support, and self-efficacy were positively associated with MRS total score, while anxiety, depression, and suicide ideation had negative associations. Significance of results: TheMRS is a useful tool for assessing religiosity in Iranian patientswith cancer and is associated with a number of important health outcomes