414 research outputs found
Dynamical Correlations after a Quantum Quench
In many integrable models static (equal time) correlation functions of local
observables after a quantum quench relax to stationary values, which are
described by a generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE). Here we establish that the
same holds true for dynamic (non equal time) correlation functions. More
generally we show that in the absence of long-range interactions in the final
Hamiltonian, the dynamics is determined by the same ensemble that describes
static correlations. When the latter is a GGE the basic form of the fluctuation
dissipation theorem holds, although the absorption and emission spectra are not
simply related as in the thermal case. For quenches in the transverse field
Ising chain (TFIC) we derive explicit expressions for the time evolution of
dynamic order parameter correlators after a quench.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Conductance quantization in etched Si/SiGe quantum point contacts
We fabricated strongly confined Schottky-gated quantum point contacts by
etching Si/SiGe heterostructures and observed intriguing conductance
quantization in units of approximately 1e2/h. Non-linear conductance
measurements were performed depleting the quantum point contacts at fixed
mode-energy separation. We report evidences of the formation of a half 1e2/h
plateau, supporting the speculation that adiabatic transmission occurs through
1D modes with complete removal of valley and spin degeneracies.Comment: to appear in Physical Review
New results on focusing of gamma-rays with Laue lenses
We report on new results on the development activity of broad band Laue
lenses for hard X-/gamma-ray astronomy (70/100-600 keV). After the development
of a first prototype, whose performance was presented at the SPIE conference on
Astronomical Telescopes held last year in Marseille (Frontera et al. 2008), we
have improved the lens assembling technology. We present the development status
of the new lens prototype that is on the way to be assembled.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures, to be Published in SPIE Proceedings,
vol.7437-19, 200
Competition between In-Plane vs Above-Plane Configurations of Water with Aromatic Molecules: Non-Covalent Interactions in 1,4-Naphthoquinone-(H2O)1-3Complexes
Non-covalent interactions between aromatic molecules and water are fundamental in many chemical and biological processes, and their accurate description is essential to understand molecular relative configurations. Here we present the rotational spectroscopy study of the water complexes of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ). In 1,4-NQ-(H2O)1,2, water molecules bind through O-H···O and C-H···O hydrogen bonds and are located on the plane of 1,4-NQ. For 1,4-NQ-(H2O)3, in-plane and above-plane water configurations are observed exhibiting O-H···O, C-H···O, and lone pair···π-hole interactions. The observation of different water arrangements for 1,4-NQ-(H2O)3 allows benchmarking theoretical methods and shows that they have great difficulty in predicting energy orderings due to the strong competition of C-H···O binding with πand π-hole interactions. This study provides important insight into water interactions with aromatic systems and the challenges in their modeling
Skeletal Torsion Tunneling and Methyl Internal Rotation: The Coupled Large Amplitude Motions in Phenyl Acetate
The rotational spectrum of phenyl acetate, CH3 COOC6 H5, is measured using a free jet absorption millimeter-wave spectrometer in the range from 60 to 78 GHz and two pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometers covering a total frequency range from 2 to 26.5 GHz. The features of two large amplitude motions, the methyl group internal rotation and the skeletal torsion of the CH3 COO group with respect to the phenyl ring C6 H5 (tilted at about 70◦ ), characterize the spectrum. The vibrational ground state is split into four widely spaced sublevels, labeled as A0, E0, A1, and E1, each of them with its set of rotational transitions and with additional interstate transitions. A global fit of the line frequencies of the four sublevels leads to the determination of 51 spectroscopic parameters, including the ∆EA0/A1 and ∆EE0/E1 vibrational splittings of ~36.4 and ~33.5 GHz, respectively. The V3 barrier to methyl internal rotation (~136 cm−1 ) and the skeletal torsion B2 barrier to the orthogonality of the two planes (~68 cm−1 ) are deduced
Variational Hilbert space truncation approach to quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnets on frustrated clusters
We study the spin- Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a series of
finite-size clusters with features inspired by the fullerenes. Frustration due
to the presence of pentagonal rings makes such structures challenging in the
context of quantum Monte-Carlo methods. We use an exact diagonalization
approach combined with a truncation method in which only the most important
basis states of the Hilbert space are retained. We describe an efficient
variational method for finding an optimal truncation of a given size which
minimizes the error in the ground state energy. Ground state energies and
spin-spin correlations are obtained for clusters with up to thirty-two sites
without the need to restrict the symmetry of the structures. The results are
compared to full-space calculations and to unfrustrated structures based on the
honeycomb lattice.Comment: 22 pages and 12 Postscript figure
Development status of a Laue lens project for gamma-ray astronomy
We report the status of the HAXTEL project, devoted to perform a design study
and the development of a Laue lens prototype. After a summary of the major
results of the design study, the approach adopted to develop a Demonstration
Model of a Laue lens is discussed, the set up described, and some results
presented.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, 2007 SPIE Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray,
and Gamma-Ray Astronomy II
Observation of the influence of dipolar and spin frustration effects on the magnetocaloric properties of a trigonal prismatic {Gd-7} molecular nanomagnet
Pineda EM, Lorusso G, Zangana KH, et al. Observation of the influence of dipolar and spin frustration effects on the magnetocaloric properties of a trigonal prismatic {Gd-7} molecular nanomagnet. CHEMICAL SCIENCE. 2016;7(8):4891-4895.We report the synthesis and structure of a molecular {Gd-7} cage of the formula ((Pr2NH2)-Pr-i)(6)[Gd-7(mu(3)-OH)(3)(CO3)(6)((O2CBu)-Bu-t)(12)] which has crystallographic C-3h symmetry. Low temperature specific heat and adiabatic demagnetization experiments (the latter achieving temperatures below 100 mK), lead to the observation of the effects of both intramolecular dipolar interactions and geometric spin frustration. The dipolar interaction leads to a massive rearrangement of energy levels such that specific heat and entropy below 2 K are strongly modified while magnetic susceptibility and magnetization above 2 K are not affected. The consequences of these phenomena for low temperature magnetocaloric applications are discussed
A mutation screening of oncogenes, tumor suppressor gene TP53 and nuclear encoded mitochondrial complex I genes in oncocytic thyroid tumors.
Background: Thyroid neoplasias with oncocytic features represent a specific phenotype in non-medullary thyroid
cancer, reflecting the unique biological phenomenon of mitochondrial hyperplasia in the cytoplasm. Oncocytic
thyroid cells are characterized by a prominent eosinophilia (or oxyphilia) caused by mitochondrial abundance.
Although disruptive mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are the most significant hallmark of such tumors,
oncocytomas may be envisioned as heterogeneous neoplasms, characterized by multiple nuclear and mitochondrial
gene lesions. We investigated the nuclear mutational profile of oncocytic tumors to pinpoint the mutations that may
trigger the early oncogenic hit.
Methods: Total DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues from 45 biopsies of oncocytic tumors.
High-resolution melting was used for mutation screening of mitochondrial complex I subunits genes. Specific
nuclear rearrangements were investigated by RT-PCR (RET/PTC) or on isolated nuclei by interphase FISH (PAX8/PPARγ).
Recurrent point mutations were analyzed by direct sequencing.
Results: In our oncocytic tumor samples, we identified rare TP53 mutations. The series of analyzed cases did not
include poorly- or undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, and none of the TP53 mutated cases had significant mitotic
activity or high-grade features. Thus, the presence of disruptive TP53 mutations was completely unexpected. In addition,
novel mutations in nuclear-encoded complex I genes were identified.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that nuclear genetic lesions altering the bioenergetics competence of thyroid cells
may give rise to an aberrant mitochondria-centered compensatory mechanism and ultimately to the oncocytic phenotype.
Keywords: Oncocytic carcinoma, Nuclear mitochondrial complex I subunits, Oncogene mutation analysi
Ruthenium on Carbonaceous Materials for the Selective Hydrogenation of HMF
We report the use of Ru catalysts supported in the activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for the selective production of liquid fuel dimethylfuran (DMF) and fuel additives alkoxymethyl furfurals (AMF). Parameters such as the reaction temperature and hydrogen pressure were firstly investigated in order to optimise the synthesis of the desired products. Simply by using a different support, the selectivity of the reaction drastically changed. DMF was produced with AC as support, while a high amount of AMF was produced when CNFs were employed. Moreover, the reusability of the catalysts was tested and deactivation phenomena were identified and properly addressed. Further studies need to be performed in order to optimise the stability of the catalysts
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