CSE style manual and requirements for publication in \u3ci\u3eInsecta Mundi\u3c/i\u3e

The CSE quarterly journal, Insecta Mundi, is among the very few journals that have no page charges. Even so, the Center for Systematic Entomology is entirely financed through dues, subscriptions, and donations of cash, property, and time. We have found it necessary to make certain requirements for publication in the journal. (See also information on front inside cover of the journal.

A Finite Difference Representation of Neutrino Radiation Hydrodynamics in Spherically Symmetric General Relativistic Space-Time

We present an implicit finite difference representation for general relativistic radiation hydrodynamics in spherical symmetry. Our code, Agile-Boltztran, solves the Boltzmann transport equation for the angular and spectral neutrino distribution functions in self-consistent simulations of stellar core collapse and postbounce evolution. It implements a dynamically adaptive grid in comoving coordinates. Most macroscopically interesting physical quantities are defined by expectation values of the distribution function. We optimize the finite differencing of the microscopic transport equation for a consistent evolution of important expectation values. We test our code in simulations launched from progenitor stars with 13 solar masses and 40 solar masses. ~0.5 s after core collapse and bounce, the protoneutron star in the latter case reaches its maximum mass and collapses further to form a black hole. When the hydrostatic gravitational contraction sets in, we find a transient increase in electron flavor neutrino luminosities due to a change in the accretion rate. The muon- and tauon-neutrino luminosities and rms energies, however, continue to rise because previously shock-heated material with a non-degenerate electron gas starts to replace the cool degenerate material at their production site. We demonstrate this by supplementing the concept of neutrinospheres with a more detailed statistical description of the origin of escaping neutrinos. We compare the evolution of the 13 solar mass progenitor star to simulations with the MGFLD approximation, based on a recently developed flux limiter. We find similar results in the postbounce phase and validate this MGFLD approach for the spherically symmetric case with standard input physics.Comment: reformatted to 63 pages, 24 figures, to be published in ApJ

Collapsars - Gamma-Ray Bursts and Explosions in "Failed Supernovae"

Using a two-dimensional hydrodynamics code (PROMETHEUS), we study the continued evolution of rotating massive helium stars whose iron core collapse does not produce a successful outgoing shock, but instead forms a black hole. We study the formation of a disk, the associated flow patterns, and the accretion rate for disk viscosity parameter, alpha ~ 0.001 and 0.1. For the standard 14 solar mass model the average accretion rate for 15 s is 0.07 solar masses per second and the total energy deposited along the rotational axes by neutrino annihilation is (1 - 14) x 10**51 erg, depending upon the evolution of the Kerr parameter and uncertain neutrino efficiencies. Simulated deposition of this energy in the polar regions results in strong relativistic outflow - jets beamed to about 1.5% of the sky. The jets remain highly focused, and are capable of penetrating the star in 5 - 10 s. After the jet breaks through the surface of the star, highly relativistic flow can commence. Because of the sensitivity of the mass ejection and jets to accretion rate, angular momentum, and disk viscosity, and the variation of observational consequences with viewing angle, a large range of outcomes is possible ranging from bright GRBs like GRB 971214 to faint GRB-supernovae like SN 1998bw. X-ray precursors are also possible as the jet first breaks out of the star. While only a small fraction of supernovae make GRBs, we predict that all GRBs longer than a few seconds will make supernovae similar to SN 1998bw. However, hard, energetic GRBs shorter than a few seconds will be difficult to make in this model.Comment: Latex, 66 pages including 27 figures (9 color), Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal, latex uses aaspp4.sty. Figures also available at http://www.ucolick.org/~andre

2D Multi-Angle, Multi-Group Neutrino Radiation-Hydrodynamic Simulations of Postbounce Supernova Cores

We perform axisymmetric (2D) multi-angle, multi-group neutrino radiation-hydrodynamic calculations of the postbounce phase of core-collapse supernovae using a genuinely 2D discrete-ordinate (S_n) method. We follow the long-term postbounce evolution of the cores of one nonrotating and one rapidly-rotating 20-solar-mass stellar model for ~400 milliseconds from 160 ms to ~550 ms after bounce. We present a multi-D analysis of the multi-angle neutrino radiation fields and compare in detail with counterpart simulations carried out in the 2D multi-group flux-limited diffusion (MGFLD) approximation to neutrino transport. We find that 2D multi-angle transport is superior in capturing the global and local radiation-field variations associated with rotation-induced and SASI-induced aspherical hydrodynamic configurations. In the rotating model, multi-angle transport predicts much larger asymptotic neutrino flux asymmetries with pole to equator ratios of up to ~2.5, while MGFLD tends to sphericize the radiation fields already in the optically semi-transparent postshock regions. Along the poles, the multi-angle calculation predicts a dramatic enhancement of the neutrino heating by up to a factor of 3, which alters the postbounce evolution and results in greater polar shock radii and an earlier onset of the initially rotationally weakened SASI. In the nonrotating model, differences between multi-angle and MGFLD calculations remain small at early times when the postshock region does not depart significantly from spherical symmetry. At later times, however, the growing SASI leads to large-scale asymmetries and the multi-angle calculation predicts up to 30% higher average integral neutrino energy deposition rates than MGFLD.Comment: 20 pages, 21 figures. Minor revisions. Accepted for publication in ApJ. A version with high-resolution figures may be obtained from http://www.stellarcollapse.org/papers/Ott_et_al2008_multi_angle.pd

Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 27-29, 1984, Ft. Walton Beach, Florida): Economics of Soybean Disease

Contents 1984 Southern Soybean Disease Workers Officers 1984 Southern Soybean Disease Workers Program Committee 1984 Southern Soybean Disease Workers Committee Chairmen Workshop Diagnosing early season soybean disorders. D Stuckey and A Wrather General session Presidential address. HJ Walters Southern United States Soybean Disease Loss Estimate for 1983. Southern Soybean Disease Workers, Soybean Disease Loss Estimate Committee. RP Mulrooney Soybean nematodes. R Dunn presiding A New Publication on the Soybean Cyst Nematode. WF Moore Soybean Cultivars and Development of Populations of Meloidogyne incognita in Soil: A Concept of Tolerance. R Rodríguez-Kábana and DB Weaver A Comparison of Soybean Cultivars for Their Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria. RA Kinloch Ethylene Dibromide and Alternative Nematicides for Soybeans. RA Dunn Involvement of Fungi in Phytonematode Pathology. G Morgan-Jones and R Rodríguez-Kábana Graduate student presentations. EC McGawley presiding Interaction Between Heterodera glycines and Glomus macrocarpus on Soybeans as Affected by Aldicarb. DP McCormack, DP Schmitt, and KR Barker Phomopsis sp. and Soybean Seedling Emergence: Influence of Soil Water Potential. M Gleason and RS Ferriss Soybean seed, seedling and soil-borne diseases. WS Gazaway presiding Report of Southern Soybean Disease Workers Seed Treatment Committee, 1983. MC McDaniel Effects of Soil Source, Soil Moisture, Seed Quality and Seed Treatment on Soybean Emergence. RE Stuckey, RS Ferriss, and MR Siegel Epidemiological and Mycofloral Relationships in Soybean Seedling Disease. JF Killebrew and KW Roy Seed Treatments for Control of Seedling Diseases and Rhizoctonia Root Rot in No-Till Soybeans. AY Chambers Soybean foliar, pod and stem diseases. JW Shriver presiding Southern Soybean Disease Workers Standardized Foliar Fungicide Test, 1983. AY Chambers and MA Newman Stem Canker in the Southeastern United States. WS Gazaway Timings of Foliar Fungicide Applications on Soybeans in Louisiana. JS Gershey, GT Berggren, and ME Pace Levels of Chlorine in Leaves and Seed Causing Leaf Scorch of Soybeans. MB Parker, TP Gaines, and GJ Gascho Incidence and Yield Loss Estimates on Stem and Foliar Diseases as Affected by Row Spacing and Overhead Irrigation. MC Hirrell and MC McDaniel Foliar Fungicides in Georgia: A Ten-Year Summary. DV Phillips New developments. E Barrett presiding The Use of Microcomputers in Soybean Disease Research. ME Pace, GT Berggren, Jr, and JS Gershey Aerial Web Blight in Mississippi in 1983. JA Fox SSDW Treasurer\u27s repor

Collisional Dark Matter and the Origin of Massive Black Holes

If the cosmological dark matter is primarily in the form of an elementary particle which has cross section and mass for self-interaction having a ratio similar to that of ordinary nuclear matter, then seed black holes (formed in stellar collapse) will grow in a Hubble time, due to accretion of the dark matter, to a mass range 10^6 - 10^9 solar masses. Furthermore, the dependence of the final black hole mass on the galaxy velocity dispersion will be approximately as observed and the growth rate will show a time dependence consistent with observations. Other astrophysical consequences of collisional dark matter and tests of the idea are noted.Comment: 7 pages, no figures, LaTeX2e, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. Changed conten

A dynamical model of surrogate reactions

A new dynamical model is developed to describe the whole process of surrogate reactions; transfer of several nucleons at an initial stage, thermal equilibration of residues leading to washing out of shell effects and decay of populated compound nuclei are treated in a unified framework. Multi-dimensional Langevin equations are employed to describe time-evolution of collective coordinates with a time-dependent potential energy surface corresponding to different stages of surrogate reactions. The new model is capable of calculating spin distributions of the compound nuclei, one of the most important quantity in the surrogate technique. Furthermore, various observables of surrogate reactions can be calculated, e.g., energy and angular distribution of ejectile, and mass distributions of fission fragments. These features are important to assess validity of the proposed model itself, to understand mechanisms of the surrogate reactions and to determine unknown parameters of the model. It is found that spin distributions of compound nuclei produced in $^{18}$O+$^{238}$U $\rightarrow ^{16}$O+$^{240*}$U and $^{18}$O+$^{236}$U $\rightarrow ^{16}$O+$^{238*}$U reactions are equivalent and much less than 10$\hbar$, therefore satisfy conditions proposed by Chiba and Iwamoto (PRC 81, 044604(2010)) if they are used as a pair in the surrogate ratio method.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Dietary carbohydrate modifies the inverse association between saturated fat intake and cholesterol on very low-density lipoproteins

We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary saturated fat on fasting triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels, and any mediation of this relationship by dietary carbohydrate intake. Men and women in the NHLBI Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study (n = 1036, mean age ± SD = 49 ± 16 y) were included. Mixed linear models were run with saturated fat as a predictor variable and fasting TG, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low density cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density cholesterol (HDL-C) as separate outcome variables. Subsequent models were run which included dietary carbohydrate as a predictor variable, and an interaction term between saturated fat and carbohydrate. All models controlled for age, sex, BMI, blood pressure and dietary covariates. In models that included only saturated fat as a predictor, saturated fat did not show significant associations with fasting lipids. When carbohydrate intake and an interaction term between carbohydrates and saturated fat intake was included, carbohydrate intake did not associate with lipids, but there was an inverse relationship between saturated fat intake and VLDL-C (P = 0.01) with a significant interaction (P = 0.01) between saturated fat and carbohydrate with regard to fasting VLDL-C concentrations. Similar results were observed for fasting TG levels. We conclude that, when controlling for carbohydrate intake, higher saturated fat was associated with lower VLDL-C and TGs. This was not the case at higher intakes of carbohydrate. This has important implications for dietary advice aimed at reducing TG and VLDL-C levels

Preliminary archaeoentomological analyses of permafrost-preserved cultural layers from the pre-contact Yup’ik Eskimo site of Nunalleq, Alaska : implications, potential and methodological considerations

Acknowledgements Site excavation and samples collection were conducted by archaeologists from the University of Aberdeen, with the help of archaeologists and student excavators from the University of Aberdeen University of Alaska Fairbanks and Bryn Mawr College, Kuskokwim Campus, College of Rural Alaska and residents of Quinhagak and Mekoryuk. This study is funded through AHRC grant to the project ‘Understanding Cultural Resilience and Climate Change on the Bering Sea through Yup’ik Ecological Knowledge, Lifeways, Learning and Archaeology’ to Rick Knecht, Kate Britton and Charlotta Hillderal (University of Aberdeen; AH/K006029/1). Thanks are due to Qanirtuuq Inc. and Quinhagak, Alaska for sampling permissions and to entomologists working at the CNC in Ottawa for allowing access to reference collections of beetles, lice and fleas. Yves Bousquet, Ales Smetana and Anthony E. Davies are specially acknowledged for their help with the identification of coleopteran specimens. Finally, we would also like to thank Scott Elias for useful comments on the original manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Pharmacogenetic Association of NOS3 Variants with Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Hypertension: The GenHAT Study

Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) catalyzes production of NO in the endothelium and may play a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the pharmacogenetic associations of three NOS3 polymorphisms and three antihypertensive drugs with CVD outcomes. Hypertensive subjects (n = 30,280) from a multi-center, double-blind clinical trial were randomized to chlorthalidone, amlodipine, or lisinopril treatment (mean follow up, 4.9 years). Outcomes included coronary heart disease (CHD: fatal CHD and nonfatal myocardial infarction); stroke; heart failure (fatal, requiring hospitalization, or outpatient treatment); all-cause mortality; and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Main effects of NOS3 variants on outcome and genotype-treatment interactions were tested. For NOS3 −690 C>T (rs3918226), a higher hazard ratio (HR) was found in minor allele carriers for CHD (CC = 1.00, CT+TT = 1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00–1.26), P = 0.048). For NOS3 −922 A>G (rs1800779), a higher HR was found in minor allele carriers for heart failure (AA = 1.00, AG+GG = 1.10 (CI = 1.00–1.21), P = 0.046). Significant pharmacogenetic findings were observed for stroke and all-cause mortality. For −690 C>T, a lower HR was observed for stroke in minor allele carriers when treated with amlodipine versus lisinopril (CC = 0.85 (CI = 0.73–0.99), CT+TT = 0.49 (CI = 0.31–0.80), P = 0.04). For glu298asp G>T (rs1799983), a lower HR was observed for all-cause mortality in minor allele carriers when treated with amlodipine versus lisinopril (GG = 1.01 (CI = 0.91–1.13), GT+TT = 0.85 (CI = 0.75–0.97), P = 0.04). We observed significant associations with NOS3 variants and CHD and heart failure and significant pharmacogenetic effects for stroke and all cause mortality. This suggests that NOS3 variants may potentially provide useful clinical information with respect to treatment decisions in the future