On the characterisation of a Bragg spectrometer with X-rays from an ECR source

Narrow X-ray lines from helium-like argon emitted from a dedicated ECR source have been used to determine the response function of a Bragg crystal spectrometer equipped with large area spherically bent silicon (111) or quartz (10$\bar{1}$) crystals. The measured spectra are compared with simulated ones created by a ray-tracing code based on the expected theoretical crystal's rocking curve and the geometry of the experimental set-up.Comment: Version acceptee (NIM

Effects of Urea, Borax and Ammonium Chloride on Flame Retarding Properties of Cellulosic Ceiling Board

This work involves the impregnation of urea, borax and ammonium chloride solutions prepared in varying concentrations into strips of cellulosic ceiling board. A formulated solution was also made of equal concentration of urea and borax solution and impregnated into strips of cellulosic ceiling board. The treated and blank samples were dried and investigated for ignitability, flame propagation and afterglow time. Urea was found to give a good effect for ignitability after 28.00sec than borax, ammonium chloride and blank after 26.00sec, 25.00sec and 16.80sec respectively. Urea gave a better effect for flame propagation of 0.13x10-2cm/sec than borax, ammonium chloride and blank which has 0.24x10-2cm/sec, 0.28x10-2cm/sec and 1.95x10-2cm/sec respectively and also urea has afterglow time of 0.22x102sec than borax (0.60 x102sec), ammonium chloride (0.70x102sec) and blank (2.25 x102sec). The formulated solution drastically improved the ignitability from 16.80sec (blank) to 34.00sec and zero flame propagation and afterglow time was recorded. With this result, urea was found to give a better retarding effect, hence could be incorporated in cellulosic ceiling board during production. Keywords: Urea, borax, ceiling board, ignitability, flame propagation, afterglow time

Status of the Frankfurt 14 GHz-ECRIS-(ve)RFQ Facility

The accelerator facility installed at the Institut fuer Kernphysik (IKF) combines a 14 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) and a variable energy radio frequency quadrupole accelerator (ve-RFQ)[1,2]. The provided highly charged ions have an energy range between a few keV - using the beam delivered from the source - up to 200 keV/u by using the post acceleration of the ve-RFQ. The setup is designed to deliver a wide spectrum of ions in sufficiently high charged states for atomic physics and materials research. Besides this the ion source is used for studies of the production of highly charged ions with the intention to improve quality and intensity of ion beams. In addition to these activities there are some special topics which deal with the investigation of phenomena on the ECRIS plasma and the production of metal ions by laser ablation technique (see also contributions to this workshop S. Runkel et al. And V. Mironov et. al). The present status and further activities of the facility and a view of the different projects will be reported

Status of the Bio-Nano electron cyclotron resonance ion source at Toyo University

In the paper, the material science experiments, carried out recently using the Bio-Nano electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) at Toyo University, are reported. We have investigated several methods to synthesize endohedral C60 using ion-ion and ion-molecule collision reaction in the ECRIS. Because of the simplicity of the configuration, we can install a large choice of additional equipment in the ECRIS. The Bio-Nano ECRIS is suitable not only to test the materials production but also to test technical developments to improve or understand the performance of an ECRIS

Effects of Urea, Borax and Ammonium Chloride on Flame Retarding Properties of Cellulosic Ceiling Board

Abstract This work involves the impregnation of urea, borax and ammonium chloride solutions prepared in varying concentrations into strips of cellulosic ceiling board. A formulated solution was also made of equal concentration of urea and borax solution and impregnated into strips of cellulosic ceiling board. The treated and blank samples were dried and investigated for ignitability, flame propagation and afterglow time. Urea was found to give a good effect for ignitability after 28.00sec than borax, ammonium chloride and blank after 26.00sec, 25.00sec and 16.80sec respectively. Urea gave a better effect for flame propagation of 0.13x10 -2 cm/sec than borax, ammonium chloride and blank which has 0.24x10 -2 cm/sec, 0.28x10 -2 cm/sec and 1.95x10 -2 cm/sec respectively and also urea has afterglow time of 0.22x10 2 sec than borax (0.60 x10 2 sec), ammonium chloride (0.70x10 2 sec) and blank (2.25 x10 2 sec). The formulated solution drastically improved the ignitability from 16.80sec (blank) to 34.00sec and zero flame propagation and afterglow time was recorded. With this result, urea was found to give a better retarding effect, hence could be incorporated in cellulosic ceiling board during production

"I should live and finish it": A qualitative inquiry into Turkish women's menopause experience

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>While bio-medically, menopause could be treated as an illness, from a psychosocial and cultural perspective it could be seen as a "natural" process without requiring medication unless severe symptoms are present.</p> <p>Our objective is to explore the perceptions of Turkish women regarding menopause and Hormone Therapy (HT) to provide health care workers with an insight into the needs and expectations of postmenopausal women.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A qualitative inquiry through semi-structured, in-depth interviews was used to explore the study questions. We used a purposive sampling and included an equal number of participants who complained about the climacteric symptoms and those who visited the outpatient department for a problem other than climacteric symptoms but when asked declared that they had been experiencing climacteric symptoms. The interview questions focused on two areas; 1) knowledge, experiences, attitudes and beliefs about menopause and; 2) menopause-related experiences and ways to cope with menopause and perception of HT.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Most of the participants defined menopause as a natural transition process that one should go through. Cleanliness, maturity, comfort of not having a period and positive changes in health behaviour were the concepts positively attributed to menopause, whereas hot flushes, getting old and difficulties in relationships were the negatives. Osteoporosis was an important concern for most of the participants. To deal with the symptoms, the non-pharmacological options were mostly favoured.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>To our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study which focuses on Turkish women's menopausal experiences. Menopause was thought to be a natural process which was characterised by positive and negative features. Understanding these features and their implications in these women's lives may assist healthcare workers in helping their clients with menopause.</p