Pelatihan Penanganan dan Pengolahan Susu Kambing di Nagari Bukit Batabuh Kabupaten Agam

Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi kelompok saat ini adalah terbatasnya pengetahuan, teknologi dan peralatan produksi untuk mengolah susu kambing. Susu yang dihasilkan hanya diolah menjadi susu pasteurisasi di dalam kemasan kantong plastik. Dalam hal penanganan susu segar, penerapan kebersihan, praktik higiene, dan sanitasi juga masih belum baik. Dengan demikian, susu segar dan susu pasteurisasi yang mereka produksi dan pasarkan belum dapat dijamin keamanannya untuk dikonsumsi. Di samping keterbatasan penguasaan teknologi juga belum optimalnya kelembagaan kelompok yang baru berjalan sebatas bekerja sama dalam hal teknis berternak, namun belum berkembang dalam hal pengadaan bersama dan pemasaran produk secara bersama. Dengan demikian tingkat efisiensi dalam hal biaya produksi dan biaya pemasaran belum bisa diperoleh oleh kelompok. Masalah sebagaimana yang dijelaskan di atas, ditawarkan untuk diselesaikan dengan alternatif sebagai berikut :a) Memberikan pelatihan teknik kebersihan, sanitasi dan higienis pemerahan dan penanganan susu segar dan susu pasteurisasi, serta teknik pengemasan; b) Memberikan pelatihan teknik pengolahan susu menjadi berbagai produk olahan susu c) Memberikan Peningkatan wawasan dan pengetahuan kelompok mengenai pemasaran produk olahan susu kambing d) Memberikan pelatihan penguatan kelembagaan kelompok peternak kambing untuk menuju kelompok tani yang profesional

THE ROLE AND FUNCTION OF LOCAL PEOPLE'S REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL (DPRD) SUPERVISION IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION

To realize democratic governance in the regions, the supervisory role of the DPRD is a very important basic tool. In addition to the head of state, the DPRD is the embodiment of the ideals of good governance. Federal and regional development initiatives should be overseen by the DPRD. The DPRD has the opportunity to prove its legitimacy in the eyes of the public and the challenge to prove its authority in carrying out its supervisory duties. Within the framework of effective local governance, this article examines the capacity of the DPRD in carrying out its supervisory responsibilities. The purpose of this study is to find detailed information about the role and function of DPRD supervision in the effectiveness of local government administration which is expected to educate readers on this matter. In this study, the author uses the normative juridical approach method which is carried out based on legal materials by examining theories, legal principles, concepts, and related legislation. Methodologically, we use a normative juridical approach, which is to conduct legal research using law as the basis of norms. Principles, standards, regulations, agreements, and teachings are all part of the relevant norm system. . The purpose of this study is to find detailed information about the role and function of DPRD supervision in the effectiveness of local government administration which is expected to educate readers on this matter. In this study, the author uses the normative juridical approach method which is carried out based on legal materials by examining theories, legal principles, concepts, and related legislation. Methodologically, we use a normative juridical approach, which is to conduct legal research using law as the basis of norms. Principles, standards, regulations, agreements, and teachings are all part of the relevant norm system. Keywords: DPRD, Supervision Function, Local Governmen

Prediction of overall survival for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer : development of a prognostic model through a crowdsourced challenge with open clinical trial data

Background Improvements to prognostic models in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have the potential to augment clinical trial design and guide treatment strategies. In partnership with Project Data Sphere, a not-for-profit initiative allowing data from cancer clinical trials to be shared broadly with researchers, we designed an open-data, crowdsourced, DREAM (Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods) challenge to not only identify a better prognostic model for prediction of survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer but also engage a community of international data scientists to study this disease. Methods Data from the comparator arms of four phase 3 clinical trials in first-line metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were obtained from Project Data Sphere, comprising 476 patients treated with docetaxel and prednisone from the ASCENT2 trial, 526 patients treated with docetaxel, prednisone, and placebo in the MAINSAIL trial, 598 patients treated with docetaxel, prednisone or prednisolone, and placebo in the VENICE trial, and 470 patients treated with docetaxel and placebo in the ENTHUSE 33 trial. Datasets consisting of more than 150 clinical variables were curated centrally, including demographics, laboratory values, medical history, lesion sites, and previous treatments. Data from ASCENT2, MAINSAIL, and VENICE were released publicly to be used as training data to predict the outcome of interest-namely, overall survival. Clinical data were also released for ENTHUSE 33, but data for outcome variables (overall survival and event status) were hidden from the challenge participants so that ENTHUSE 33 could be used for independent validation. Methods were evaluated using the integrated time-dependent area under the curve (iAUC). The reference model, based on eight clinical variables and a penalised Cox proportional-hazards model, was used to compare method performance. Further validation was done using data from a fifth trial-ENTHUSE M1-in which 266 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were treated with placebo alone. Findings 50 independent methods were developed to predict overall survival and were evaluated through the DREAM challenge. The top performer was based on an ensemble of penalised Cox regression models (ePCR), which uniquely identified predictive interaction effects with immune biomarkers and markers of hepatic and renal function. Overall, ePCR outperformed all other methods (iAUC 0.791; Bayes factor >5) and surpassed the reference model (iAUC 0.743; Bayes factor >20). Both the ePCR model and reference models stratified patients in the ENTHUSE 33 trial into high-risk and low-risk groups with significantly different overall survival (ePCR: hazard ratio 3.32, 95% CI 2.39-4.62, p Interpretation Novel prognostic factors were delineated, and the assessment of 50 methods developed by independent international teams establishes a benchmark for development of methods in the future. The results of this effort show that data-sharing, when combined with a crowdsourced challenge, is a robust and powerful framework to develop new prognostic models in advanced prostate cancer.Peer reviewe

Comparative Study of Bunch Length And Arrival Time Measurements at Flash

Diagnostic devices to precisely measure the longitudinal electron beam profile and the bunch arrival time require elaborate new instrumentation techniques. At FLASH, two entirely different methods are used. The bunch profile can be determined with high precision by a transverse deflecting RF structure, but the method is disruptive and does not allow to monitor multiple bunches in a macro-pulse train. It is therefore complemented by two non-disruptive electrooptical devices, called EO and TEO. The EO setup uses a dedicated diagnostic laser synchronized to the machine RF. The longitudinal electron beam profile is encoded in the intensity profile of a chirped laser pulse and analyzed by looking at the spectral composition of the pulse. The second setup, TEO, utilizes the TiSa-based laser system used for pump-probe experiments. Here, the temporal electron shape is encoded into the spatial dimension of the laser pulse by an intersection angle between the laser and the electron beam at the EO-crystal. In this paper, we present a comparative study of bunch length and arrival time measurements performed simultaneously with all three experimental techniques