High Density Polyetylene (HDPE) - Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Filled Micro Composites Using Melt Blending Process

In this research, high density polyetylene (HDPE) reinforced oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber micro composites to improve the mechanical properties were prepared using melt blending and hot press technique. Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber as a filler reduces in sizes 63, 75, 90, and 106 µm. Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber were mixed with in 10 mL MAPE 8% (in xylene) solution up evenly. The variation composition ratio of HDPE in filler is : (80: 20, 70:30 60:40, 50:50). The good results showed that composite boards are tested viable filler and matrix ratio 30%:70%, 3.969 to 12.243 Mpa of tensile strength, the value of the melting point (Tm) of 400.05 to 497, 07oC for thermal properties, FT-IR analysis results indicate that the groups contained in the matrix and the filler is still present in the composite board products.The SEM photograph tests showed that the best products are the smallest filler size is 63 µm, and 4943.4 J/m2 ofImpact strength test obtained. The results of this study can be applied as part of an electronic element and the casing, because high heat resistance, is a semiconductor, not easily broken and durabl

Strategi Pengembangan USAha Gula Aren di Desa Rambah Tengah Barat Kecamatan Rambah Kabupaten Rokan Hulu

S : Business owners of palm sugar in Rambah Tengah Barat Villagehas a limited to develop their businesses due to resources organization problems,production and marketing. On the other hand, the palm sugar has high economisvalues and able potentially increase their income. The purpose of this reseach is toanalyse the alternatives strategy in developing palm sugar production based onSWOT analysis. The population are all palm sugar business owners in the RambahTengah Barat Village amounted of 30 people and samples are taken five businessowners. Data is collected trough documentation study, questionnaires and interviewtechnique. Data is then, analyzed by descriptive qualitative based on SWOT analysis.This result of the research is seven alternatives of business development strategies thathave been prioritized. The seven alternative strategies are: (1) its partnership ties withbusiness development agencies; 1) its partnership ties with business developmentagencies; (2) the establishment of business partnerships with other parties; (3)providing integrated marketing center for the area of industrial products; (4)development of microfinance institutions; (5) establishment of agro-industryinformation service center; (6) availability relevant instructors; (7) productdiversification

Pengaruh Sistem Perpajakan, Diskriminasi, Kepatuhan dan Pengetahuan Perpajakan terhadap Persepsi Wajib Pajak Mengenai Etika Penggelapan Pajak (Studi Empiris pada Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di Wilayah Kota Pekanbaru)

This study examines to the influence of tax system, discrimination, obedience, and tax knowledge against the taxpayer perceptions about the ethical of tax evasion. The population was the taxpayer in Pekanbaru and the sample in this study used slovin formula, so that it obtained 100 respondents as samples. The sample in this study is determined by sampling purposive method, the data collected with the distribution of questionnaires. The method of analysis used is multiple linear regression. Based on the results of the analysis indicate that the tax system impact on taxpayer perceptions about the ethical of tax evasion, obedience has impact on taxpayer perceptions about ethical of tax evasion, tax knowledge impact on taxpayer perceptions about the ethical of tax evasion and the discrimination no impact on taxpayer perceptions about the ethical of tax evasion. The most dominant variable influencing taxpayer perceptions about the ethical of tax evasion is tax system because it has a beta value of 0.397 standard coefficient

Membrane Anaerobic System (MAS) for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment

The direct discharge of palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater causes serious environmental pollution due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Traditional ways for POME treatment have both economic and environmental disadvantages. In this study, membrane anaerobic system (MAS) was used as an alternative, cost effective method for treating POME. Six steady states were attained as a part of a kinetic study that considered concentration ranges of 8,220 to 15,400 mg/l for mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and 6, 329 to 13,244 mg/l for mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS). Kinetic equations from Monod, Contois and Chen & Hashimoto were employed to describe the kinetics of POME treatment at organic loading rates ranging from 2 to 13 kg COD/m3/d. throughout the experiment, the removal efficiency of COD was from 94.8 to 96.5% with hydraulic retention time, HRT from 400.6 to 5.7 days. The growth yield coefficient, Y was found to be 0.62gVSS/g COD the specific microorganism decay rate was 0.21 d-1 and the methane gas yield production rate was between 0.25 l/g COD/d and 0.58 l/g COD/d. Steady state influent COD concentrations increased from 18,302 mg/l in the first steady state to 43,500 mg/l in the sixth steady state. The minimum solids retention time, which was obtained from the three kinetic models ranged from 5 to 12.3 days. The k values were in the range of and values were between 0.26 and 0.379 d-1. The solids retention time (SRT) decreased from 800 days to 11.6 days. The complete treatment reduced the COD content to 2279 mg/l equivalent to a reduction of 94.8% reduction from the original

Analisis Pengaruh Konflik terhadap Lingkungan Kerja: Studi Kasus Dinas Bina Marga Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Lingkungan kerja akan membawa organisasi pada suatu Perubahan, baik positifmaupun negatif. Perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan kerja bisa menimbulkanpermasalahan tertentu. Permasalahan ini dikenal dengan konflik. Konflik yang dapatterjadi dalam organisasi antara lain, konflik antarindividu, antara individu dankelompok, antarkelompok, dan juga konflik antarorganisasi. Konflik ini biasanyaterjadi karena tujuan-tujuan yang tidak sesuai, tumpang-tindih wewenang, dan sumberdaya yang terbatas. Dalam penulisan ini, peneliti ingin mengetahui konflik apa yangpada umumnya terjadi dalam suatu organisasi, berpengaruh positif atau negatifkahkonflik terhadap lingkungan kerja Bina Marga dan solusi apa yang baik untukmenyelesaikan konflik. Peneliti menyebarkan kuesioner secara acak kepada pegawaipegawaidi Dinas Bina Marga Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Kuesioner tersebut berisipertanyaan-pertanyaan mengenai teori mendasar dari setiap individu dalammemahami lingkungan kerja mereka, pengertian konflik itu sendiri, jenis konflik apayang umumnya terjadi, faktor yang menyebabkan konflik tersebut, dan cara yangmereka pilih dalam menyelesaikan konflik tersebut. Setelah mendapat jawaban dariresponden, peneliti menganalisis jawaban-jawaban tersebut dan membuat hipotesisawal. Dengan menggunakan perhitungan statistika yaitu uji chi kuadrat, penelitimemastikan kebenaran dari hipotesis awal. Hasilnya adalah konflik yang sering terjadiadalah konflik antarindividu dengan teman atau orang yang berkedudukan sama danpengaruhnya adalah positif bagi kelangsungan Perusahaan. Sementara, cara yangdipilih untuk menyelesaikan konflik adalah dengan penenangan diri masing-masingindividu

Pengaruh Latihan Zumba Terhadap Arus Puncak Ekspirasi Pada Wanita Usia Muda

Background: Zumba recently is one of the most popular physical exercise particularly among females. Zumba is a combination of music, step aerobics, and variety of dance movements from Latin America. The exercise is fun and relatively low cost, Zumba can also increase the strength of respiratory muscles so as to improve lung function and capacityAim: To observe the effect of Zumba routine exercise on peak expiratory flow rate in young femaleMethod: The study was an observational analytic using cross sectional approach. Subjects were participants of Zumba routine exercise cathegorized to <8 weeks and ≥8 weeks exercise periods. PEFR was measured by mini-Wright peak flowmeter. Correlation between the period of Zumba exercise and PEFR was analyzed using Spearman's test.Result: From the 24 subjects, the mean of PEFR in participants who were conducted Zumba exercise for <8 weeks was 345.42 ± 30.19 L/min with the lowest score was 300 L/min and the highest was 400 L/min. The PEFR mean of subjects who experienced Zumba exercise for ≥8 weeks was 437.92 ± 19.59 L/min with the lowest was 400 L/min and the highest 465 L/min. The Spearman's test showed a very strong degree of positive correlation between period of Zumba exercise with PEFR (r=0,86; p=0,000)Conclusion: The study found the differences between the mean of PEFR in subjects who did Zumba regular exercise for <8 weeks and ≥8 weeks. This study also showed very strong positive correlation between period of Zumba exercise with PEF

The effect of ultrasonic energy on the enhancement of the biodegradability of food waste

In this study, the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on the physicochemical property changes and methane production potential of anaerobic digestion of food waste was investigated. The study, involving a laboratory experimentation by sonicating 200 mL of food waste sample, was investigated at different sonication times (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 min), and the specific energy input ranged from 5,396 to 25,997 kJ/kg total solid. The experimental results found that the mean particle size diameter (d50) of the ultrasonically treated food waste decreased from 59 to 21.9 μm with the specific surface area increasing from 0.523 to 1.2 μm2/g. This is evidenced in the food waste morphological structure changes from particles or granules varying in size and shape from small to large and round to oval or unsymmetrical shaped when the food waste samples were sonicated in the range of 2–10 min as shown by scanning electron microscopy. The value of soluble chemical oxygen demand was increased about 34–40% while the degree of disintegration was recorded as 57.15, 61.10, 71.08, 68.94, and 68.68%, respectively. The CODsolubilization was achieved around 11.4, 11.8, 13.4, 12.7, and 13.2%, when the food waste sample was sonicated at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min, respectively. This CODsolubilization correlated well with DD when the linear relationship was shown by R2 = 0.945. The result shows that the use of sonicated food waste in the anaerobic digestion process has increased about 45.9, 40.3, 46.6, 64.4, and 70.5% of cumulative CH4 production rates in the food waste sample sonicated at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min, respectively, when compared to the non-sonicated food waste sample

Comparison of Essential Oil of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Extracted with Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD) and Conventional Hydrodistillation (HD) Method

The increasing demand of essential oil has opened up wide opportunities for global marketing which leads to the requirement of its competitive product in market that comes with all the advantages in term of cost, quality and its production time. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) method is an advance extraction technique that takes advantage of microwave heating with the conventional hydrodistillation (HD). This research was carried out to study the effect of different MAHD parameters which were water to plant material ratio (6:1, 8:1,10:1), microwave power (200 W,250W) and extraction time (30min,60min, 90min,120min) in extraction of essential oil from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus). Its extraction yield and major constituents were analyzed and the results were compared with those of conventional HD. The optimum parameters were found at water to plant material ratio of 8:1, microwave power of 250W and 90 minutes of extraction and the yield obtained under this condition was 1.46%. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis showed that the content of main constituents which were neral, geranial and myrcene were almost similar in the essential oil extracted using MAHD and conventional HD. This has proved that the use of microwave irradiation did not adversely influence the composition of essential oils. Overall, the results obtained indicate that MAHD method provided a good alternative for the extraction of essential oil from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus)

S17(0) Determined from the Coulomb Breakup of 83 MeV/nucleon 8B

A kinematically complete measurement was made of the Coulomb dissociation of 8B nuclei on a Pb target at 83 MeV/nucleon. The cross section was measured at low relative energies in order to infer the astrophysical S factor for the 7Be(p,gamma)8B reaction. A first-order perturbation theory analysis of the reaction dynamics including E1, E2, and M1 transitions was employed to extract the E1 strength relevant to neutrino-producing reactions in the solar interior. By fitting the measured cross section from Erel = 130 keV to 400 keV, we find S17(0) = 17.8 (+1.4, -1.2) eV b