The Effect of High Dose Melatonin on Cardiac Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Purpose: Melatonin, the most potent scavenger of toxic free radicals, has been found to be effective in protecting against pathological states due to the release of reactive oxygen species. This study was performed to establish the effect of high dose melatonin on protection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat hearts. Materials and Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. They were separated into four groups of ten rats each. A left coronary artery occlusion was induced in the rats by ligating the artery for 20 minutes and then releasing the ligation (reperfusion) afterwards. The control group was Group A. Group B was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion without any treatment, while Group C underwent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the ischemia. Group D was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the reperfusion. After 20 minutes of reperfusion, blood samples were obtained from each group for biochemical studies, and the animals were sacrificed for histological and, immunohistochemical examinations of the myocardial tissue. Results: We found that the cardiac troponin T(cTn-T) levels were significantly increased in Group B when all groups were compared. In the Group C rats treated with melatonin, the cTn-T values were significantly lower than those in Groups B and D. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes including, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were lower than those in Group B in the melatonin treated groups. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Histopathologic and immunohistopathologic studies also supported the effectiveness of melatonin. Conclusion: Our study suggests that high dose melatonin, appears to offer protection against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries in rats by scavenging the free radicals and could have a potential clinical use in the management of myocardial ischemia.PURPOSE:Melatonin, the most potent scavenger of toxic free radicals, has been found to be effective in protecting against pathological states due to the release of reactive oxygen species. This study was performed to establish the effect of high dose melatonin on protection against ischemia- reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat hearts.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. They were separated into four groups of ten rats each. A left coronary artery occlusion was induced in the rats by ligating the artery for 20 minutes and then releasing the ligation (reperfusion) afterwards. The control group was Group A. Group B was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion without any treatment, while Group C underwent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the ischemia. Group D was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the reperfusion. After 20 minutes of reperfusion, blood samples were obtained from each group for biochemical studies, and the animals were sacrificed for histological and, immunohistochemical examinations of the myocardial tissue.RESULTS:We found that the cardiac troponin T(cTn-T) levels were significantly increased in Group B when all groups were compared. In the Group C rats treated with melatonin, the cTn-T values were significantly lower than those in Groups B and D. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes including, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were lower than those in Group B in the melatonin treated groups. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Histopathologic and immunohistopathologic studies also supported the effectiveness of melatonin.CONCLUSION:Our study suggests that high dose melatonin, appears to offer protection against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries in rats by scavenging the free radicals and could have a potential clinical use in the management of myocardial ischemia

The Effect of High Dose Melatonin on Cardiac Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Purpose: Melatonin, the most potent scavenger of toxic free radicals, has been found to be effective in protecting against pathological states due to the release of reactive oxygen species. This study was performed to establish the effect of high dose melatonin on protection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat hearts. Materials and Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. They were separated into four groups of ten rats each. A left coronary artery occlusion was induced in the rats by ligating the artery for 20 minutes and then releasing the ligation (reperfusion) afterwards. The control group was Group A. Group B was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion without any treatment, while Group C underwent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the ischemia. Group D was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the reperfusion. After 20 minutes of reperfusion, blood samples were obtained from each group for biochemical studies, and the animals were sacrificed for histological and, immunohistochemical examinations of the myocardial tissue. Results: We found that the cardiac troponin T(cTn-T) levels were significantly increased in Group B when all groups were compared. In the Group C rats treated with melatonin, the cTn-T values were significantly lower than those in Groups B and D. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes including, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were lower than those in Group B in the melatonin treated groups. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Histopathologic and immunohistopathologic studies also supported the effectiveness of melatonin. Conclusion: Our study suggests that high dose melatonin, appears to offer protection against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries in rats by scavenging the free radicals and could have a potential clinical use in the management of myocardial ischemia.PURPOSE:Melatonin, the most potent scavenger of toxic free radicals, has been found to be effective in protecting against pathological states due to the release of reactive oxygen species. This study was performed to establish the effect of high dose melatonin on protection against ischemia- reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat hearts.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. They were separated into four groups of ten rats each. A left coronary artery occlusion was induced in the rats by ligating the artery for 20 minutes and then releasing the ligation (reperfusion) afterwards. The control group was Group A. Group B was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion without any treatment, while Group C underwent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the ischemia. Group D was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the reperfusion. After 20 minutes of reperfusion, blood samples were obtained from each group for biochemical studies, and the animals were sacrificed for histological and, immunohistochemical examinations of the myocardial tissue.RESULTS:We found that the cardiac troponin T(cTn-T) levels were significantly increased in Group B when all groups were compared. In the Group C rats treated with melatonin, the cTn-T values were significantly lower than those in Groups B and D. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes including, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were lower than those in Group B in the melatonin treated groups. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Histopathologic and immunohistopathologic studies also supported the effectiveness of melatonin.CONCLUSION:Our study suggests that high dose melatonin, appears to offer protection against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries in rats by scavenging the free radicals and could have a potential clinical use in the management of myocardial ischemia

International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009

The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Farmasötik Kimya

Bu kitap, son yıllarda farmasötik kimya alanında gözlenen hızlı ve sürekli gelişmeleri aktaran Türkçe bir kaynak olarak hazırlanmıştır. Kitabın ilk üç baskısının akademik ve eczacılık çevrelerinde gördüğü ilgi nedeniyle düşünülenden daha kısa bir sürede bitmesi dördüncü baskısının yapılmasını gerektirmiştir. Anabilim dalımız öğretim üyelerinin katkılarıyla hazırlanan ve Eczacılık Fakültelerinde verilen farmasötik kimya eğitimini kapsayan bu kitapta, farmasötik kimya ile ilgili tüm konular ele alınmış ve bu konuların derinleştirilmesi ile ileri düzeyde bir farmasötik kimya kitabı hazırlanmıştır. Kitap, daha önceki baskılarında olduğu gibi, yetmiş sekiz bölümden oluşmakta ve farmasötik kimyanın temel kavramlarının yanı sıra, tedavide kullanılan ilaçların özellikleri, sentezleri, yapıaktivite ilişkileri, etki mekanizmaları, biyotransformasyonları ve kullanılışlarını içermektedir. Konuların verilişinde ise farmakolojik sınıflama esas alınmış ve her grubun önemli bileşikleri sunulmuştur. Kitabın hatasız olması için gösterilen titizliğe rağmen, okuyucunun ve değerli meslektaşlarımızın olabilecek hatalarla ilgili uyarılarını ve kitap hakkındaki eleştirilerini, daha sonraki baskının iyileştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilmesi amacıyla, beklediğimizi belirtmek isteriz. Kitabın dördüncü baskısının en iyi bir şekilde yapılması için yardımcı olan Hacettepe Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü ve baskı işini titizlikle gerçekleştiren Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hastaneleri Basım Yayın Koordinatörlüğü değerli personeline teşekkür ederiz. Bu önemli eserin hazırlanmasında emeği geçen anabilim dalımızın tüm öğretim elemanlarına teşekkür eder, kitabın okuyucularına yararlı olmasını dileriz

A comparative research in kayseri and Yozgat provinces toward the use of credit card as an individual finance tool

Bireysel finansman ihtiyacının karşılanmasına yardımcı olan kredi kartı, özellikle bankacılık alanında, bireysel hizmetler dâhilinde yer almaktadır. Kredi kartı en yaygın, hızlı ve kolay kullanıma sahip, nakit yerine geçen bir ödeme aracıdır. Aynı zamanda göreli uygun maliyetli fon sağlama fonksiyonu ile günümüz ekonomik hayatın- da vazgeçilmez bir finansal araç olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, bireysel tüketicilerin kredi kartı kullanımında etkili olan faktörleri belirlemeye yönelik olarak yapıl- mıştır. Öncelikle kredi kartı hakkında genel bilgiler verilmiş, Dünya ve Türkiye finansal sistemindeki tarihsel seyri ele alınmıştır. Uygulama bölümünde ise Yozgat ve Kayseri illerinde yapılan 500 kişilik anket çalışması sonucunda oluşturulan hipotezler ışığında değerlendirilmiştir.The credit card, which helps to meet the individual financing needs, is especially settled in individual services in the banking sector. Credit card is the most common, quick and easy to use and it is a kind of instrument whi- ch can be replacement to the cash payment. At the same time, it has relatively suitable cost funding function for the consumers and it emerges as an indispensable financial instrument in our economic life today’s. This study was conducted for determining to factors of effects to the credit card usage by consumers. Firstly, general information was given about the credit card and discussed of the historical of credit card which is in the financial system all over the world and Turkey. In the application section, the made survey question to 500 person in Yozgat and Kayseri provinces and identify to the hypotheses according to these questionnaire

An automated prognosis system for estrogen hormone status assessment in breast cancer tissue samples

Estrogen receptor (ER) status evaluation is a widely applied method in the prognosis of breast cancer. However, testing for the existence of the ER biomarker in a patient's tumor sample mainly depends on the subjective decisions of the doctors. The aim of this paper is to introduce the usage of a machine learning tool, functional trees (FTs), to attain an ER prognosis of the disease via an objective decision model. For this aim, 27 image files, each of which came from a biopsy sample of an invasive ductal carcinoma patient, were scanned and captured by a light microscope. From these images, 5150 nuclei were segmented with image processing methods. Several attributes, including statistical, wavelet, cooccurrence matrix, and Laws' texture features, were calculated inside the border area of each nucleus. A FT was trained over the feature dataset using a 10-fold cross-validation and then the obtained model was tested on a separate dataset. The assessment results of the model were compared with those of 2 experts. Consequently, the weighted kappa coefficient indicated a very good agreement (kappa = 0.899 and kappa = 0.927, P < 0.001) and the Spearman's rank order correlation showed a high level of correlation (rho = 0.963 and rho = 0.943, P < 0.001) between the results of the FT and those of the observers. The Wilcoxon test revealed that there was no significant difference between the results of the experts and the model (P = 0.051 and P = 0.316). Finally, it was concluded from the results that the FT could be used as a tool to support the decision of doctors by indicating consistent outputs and hence contribute to the objectiveness and reproducibility of the assessment results