Isolation of <i>Serpulina hyodysenteriae</i> and <i>S. innocens</i> from pigs with swine disentery signs

A partir de muestras de materia fecal recolectada en bolsas de polietileno o hisopados rectales de cerdos con cuadro clínico-patológico de Disentería Porcina se aisló Serpulina hyodysenteriae y Serpulina innocens, esta última apatógena. De los tres medios de cultivos sólidos selectivos utilizados, el medio de Jenkinson et al. fue el que permitió el mayor número de aislamientos e inhibió la flora fecal normal. La identificación del género y especie se realizó sobre la base de las características morfológicas y culturales (producción de beta-hemólisis franca). El crecimiento en los medios de cultivo fue escaso. Se concluye que el aislamiento de Serpulina spp. es sencillo con la metodología indicada y útil para ulteriores estudios de sensibilidad a antimicrobianos.From faecal samples taken in polyethylene bags or rectal swabs of pigs with clinical signs of swine dysentery, Serpulina hyodysenteriae and Serpulina innocens were isolated. The latter nonpathogenic of the three selective solid culture medium in use methods being used, Jenkinson’s proved to be most effective to isolate the organisms and to inhibit the growth of normal faecal bacteria. The identification by genera and species were made on the basis of cultural and morphological differences (product of a clear beta-hemolysis). The growth in liquid culture medium was unsatisfactory. In conclusion, Serpulina spp. isolated by means of the described methodology is sample and useful for further sensitivity research for in vitro testingFacultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Isolation of <i>Serpulina hyodysenteriae</i> and <i>S. innocens</i> from pigs with swine disentery signs

A partir de muestras de materia fecal recolectada en bolsas de polietileno o hisopados rectales de cerdos con cuadro clínico-patológico de Disentería Porcina se aisló Serpulina hyodysenteriae y Serpulina innocens, esta última apatógena. De los tres medios de cultivos sólidos selectivos utilizados, el medio de Jenkinson et al. fue el que permitió el mayor número de aislamientos e inhibió la flora fecal normal. La identificación del género y especie se realizó sobre la base de las características morfológicas y culturales (producción de beta-hemólisis franca). El crecimiento en los medios de cultivo fue escaso. Se concluye que el aislamiento de Serpulina spp. es sencillo con la metodología indicada y útil para ulteriores estudios de sensibilidad a antimicrobianos.From faecal samples taken in polyethylene bags or rectal swabs of pigs with clinical signs of swine dysentery, Serpulina hyodysenteriae and Serpulina innocens were isolated. The latter nonpathogenic of the three selective solid culture medium in use methods being used, Jenkinson’s proved to be most effective to isolate the organisms and to inhibit the growth of normal faecal bacteria. The identification by genera and species were made on the basis of cultural and morphological differences (product of a clear beta-hemolysis). The growth in liquid culture medium was unsatisfactory. In conclusion, Serpulina spp. isolated by means of the described methodology is sample and useful for further sensitivity research for in vitro testingFacultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Isolation of <i>Serpulina hyodysenteriae</i> and <i>S. innocens</i> from pigs with swine disentery signs

A partir de muestras de materia fecal recolectada en bolsas de polietileno o hisopados rectales de cerdos con cuadro clínico-patológico de Disentería Porcina se aisló Serpulina hyodysenteriae y Serpulina innocens, esta última apatógena. De los tres medios de cultivos sólidos selectivos utilizados, el medio de Jenkinson et al. fue el que permitió el mayor número de aislamientos e inhibió la flora fecal normal. La identificación del género y especie se realizó sobre la base de las características morfológicas y culturales (producción de beta-hemólisis franca). El crecimiento en los medios de cultivo fue escaso. Se concluye que el aislamiento de Serpulina spp. es sencillo con la metodología indicada y útil para ulteriores estudios de sensibilidad a antimicrobianos.From faecal samples taken in polyethylene bags or rectal swabs of pigs with clinical signs of swine dysentery, Serpulina hyodysenteriae and Serpulina innocens were isolated. The latter nonpathogenic of the three selective solid culture medium in use methods being used, Jenkinson’s proved to be most effective to isolate the organisms and to inhibit the growth of normal faecal bacteria. The identification by genera and species were made on the basis of cultural and morphological differences (product of a clear beta-hemolysis). The growth in liquid culture medium was unsatisfactory. In conclusion, Serpulina spp. isolated by means of the described methodology is sample and useful for further sensitivity research for in vitro testingFacultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

A pair of non-optimal codons are necessary for the correct biosynthesis of the Aspergillus nidulans urea transporter, UreA

In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, synonymous codons are unevenly used. Such differential usage of optimal or non-optimal codons has been suggested to play a role in the control of translation initiation and elongation, as well as at the level of transcription and mRNA stability. In the case of membrane proteins, codon usage has been proposed to assist in the establishment of a pause necessary for the correct targeting of the nascent chains to the translocon. By using as a model UreA, the Aspergillus nidulans urea transporter, we revealed that a pair of non-optimal codons encoding amino acids situated at the boundary between the N-terminus and the first transmembrane segment are necessary for proper biogenesis of the protein at 37°C. These codons presumably regulate the translation rate in a previously undescribed fashion, possibly contributing to the correct interaction of ureA-translating ribosome-nascent chain complexes with the signal recognition particle and/or other factors, while the polypeptide has not yet emerged from the ribosomal tunnel. Our results suggest that the presence of the pair of non-optimal codons would not be functionally important in all cellular conditions. Whether this mechanismwould affect other proteins remains to be determined

Verificação da administração ilegal de estrógenos através de marcadores imunohistoquímicos na próstata de bovinos

The immunodetection of diverse cell markers was evaluated in prostatic samples from bullocks, and bullocks showing epithelial hyperplasia-metaplasia, with oestrogen-induced changes, and in experimental samples from bullocks inoculated with dietylstilbestrol (DES). Antigen-retrieval procedures allowed the use of tissues that had been fixed in formalin for long periods. Three tissue markers were chosen for the study: cytokeratins 13 and 16, vimentin and desmin. Monoclonal antibody K8.12 (specific for cytokeratins 13 and 16) stained basal cells and hyperplastic-metaplastic epithelium; monoclonal antivimentin, and desmin, allowed the definition of fibromuscular changes.A imunodeteccão de marcadores celulares foi avaliada em amostras prostáticas de bovinos com hiperplasia ou hiperplasia-metaplasia epiteliais, induzidas por estrógenos administrados ilegalmente e em próstatas de bovinos inoculados com dietilstilbestrol (DES). A técnica de recuperac ão antigênica permitiu o uso de tecidos fixados em formalina, por longos períodos. Foram utilizados os anticorpos monoclonais K8.12, anti-vimentina e anti-desmina para determinação de células basais coradas/epitélio hiperplásico-metaplásico, células do estroma e células musculares, respectivamente. As alterações tissulares observadas nos casos de campo e nos experimentais foram semelhantes, através do que se concluiu que houve administração ilegal de estrógenos. O teste imunohistoqu ímico com esses marca-dores específicos foi útil ao exame histológico da próstata, uma vez que a análise das imagens permite maior e melhor quantificação das altera- ções observadas. Os testes bioquí-micos, entretanto, são necess ários para uma avaliação mais precisa.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs with porcine circovirus associated diseases in Argentina

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) has been associated with syndromes grouped by the term porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD). The PCV-2 isolates have been grouped into two major groups or genotypes according to their nucleotide sequence of whole genomes and/or ORF-2: PCV-2b, which have, in turn, been subdivided into three clusters (1A–1C), and PCV-2a, which has been subdivided into five clusters (2A–2E). In the present study, we obtained 16 sequences of PCV-2 from different farms from 2003 to 2008, from animals with confirmatory diagnosis of PCVAD. Since results showed an identity of 99.8% among them, they were grouped within a common cluster 1A-B. This preliminary study suggests a stable circulation of PCV-2b among the Argentinean pig population.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Translational selection on codon usage in the genus Aspergillus.

International audienceAspergillus is a genus of mold fungi that includes more than 200 described species. Many members of the group are relevant pathogens and other species are economically important. Only one species has been analyzed for codon usage, and this was performed with a small number of genes. In this paper, we report the codon usage patterns of eight completely sequenced genomes which belong to this genus. The results suggest that selection for translational efficiency and accuracy are the major factors shaping codon usage in all of the species studied so far, and therefore they were active in the last common ancestor of the group. Composition and molecular distances analyses show that highly expressed genes evolve slower at synonymous sites. We identified a conserved core of translationally optimal codons and study the tRNA gene pool in each genome. We found that the great majority of preferred triplets match the respective cognate tRNA with more copies in the respective genome. We discuss the possible scenarios that can explain the observed differences among the species analyzed. Finally we highlight the biotechnological application of this research regarding heterologous protein expression

Determination of antibodies against selected viral and bacterial pathogens in the feral pigs (Sus scrofa) population of the Bahía Samborombón Natural Reserve, Argentina

Los cerdos silvestres (Sus scrofa) descienden de cruzamientos entre cerdos domésticos liberados durante la colonización con jabalíes salvajes euroasiáticos, liberados con propósitos cinegéticos. Son invasivos y su coexistencia con especies domésticas implica riesgos sanitarios. Argentina es considerada libre de fiebre aftosa (FA), peste porcina clásica (PPC) y africana (PPA) y síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio porcino (PRRS). La enfermedad de Aujeszky (EA) y la leptospirosis son endémicas en ciertas áreas del país. El objetivo fue evaluar la presencia de ciertas enfermedades zoonóticas y/o de importancia para la producción animal y la conservación de la biodiversidad en cerdos silvestres de la Bahía de Samborombón. Se capturaron 118 animales. Se tomaron muestras de suero, tonsilas, músculo, intestino delgado, linfonódulos, entre otras. Se estudió la presencia de anticuerpos contra Brucella spp., coronavirus respiratorio porcino, virus de la estomatitis vesicular, de la FA, de la gastroenteritis transmisible porcina (TGEV), de la PPC, PPA, EA, PRRS y Leptospira spp. Se realizaron análisis bacteriológicos para Mycobacterium spp. Los resultados ratificaron la ausencia de las enfermedades exóticas e indicaron que 36 % de los animales presentó anticuerpos contra Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona y 62,5 % contra el virus de la EA. Estos resultados remarcan la importancia del monitoreo de la interfase productiva/silvestre en función de la salud pública, producción animal y conservación de la biodiversidad.Overlapping between wildlife and domestic species implies the risk of disease transmission. In Argentina, the wild pig (Sus scrofa) is a widespread invasive species. Sus scrofa wild populations are descendants from domestic pigs released during colonisation and Eurasian wild boars released for sport hunting purposes. Argentina is considered free from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), classical swine fever (CSF), African swine fever (ASF) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Aujeszky disease (AD) and leptospirosis are considered endemic in certain areas of the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of some zoonotic and productive diseases in the wild pig population of Bahía Samborombón, Argentina. A total of 118 animals were captured. Samples consisted on serum, tonsils, muscle, small intestine and lymph nodes. Detection of antibodies for Brucella spp, porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), Leptospira spp, CSF virus, ASF virus, AD virus and PRRS virus, as well as bacteriological analysis to detect Mycobacterium spp., were performed. Preliminary results indicate that 36 % and 62.5 % of animals had antibodies against Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona, and ADV, respectively. These results highlight the importance of closer monitoring on the wildlife/livestock interface for public health, animal production and biodiversity conservation.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria