Spontaneously fermented traditional beverages as a source of bioactive compounds: an overview

Published online: 14 Jul 2020Fermented food has been present throughout history, since fermentation not only helps preserving food, but also provides specific organoleptic characteristics typically associated to these foods. Most of the traditional fermented foods and artisanal beverages are produced by spontaneous generation, meaning no control of the microbiota, or the substrate used. Nevertheless, even not being standardized, they are an important source of bioactive compounds, such as antioxidant compounds, bioactive beeps, short chain fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. This review compiles a list of relevant traditional fermented beverages around the world, aiming to detail the fermentation process itselfincluding source of microorganisms, substrates, produced metabolites and the operational conditions involved. As well as to list the bioactive compounds present in each fermented food, together with their impact in the human health. Traditional fermented beverages from Mexico will be highlighted. These compounds are of high interest for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. To scale-up the home fermentation processes, it is necessary to fully understand the microbiology and biochemistry behind these traditional products. The use of good quality raw materials with standardized methodologies and defined microorganisms, may improve and increase the production of the desirable bioactive compounds and open a market for novel functional products.The authors acknowledge the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT, Mexico) for the financial support (CVU 559365). This study was also supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2019 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01- 0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte also, Project ColOsH 02/SAICT/2017 (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-030071).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bioreactor design for enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass under the biorefinery concept

The dependence on non-renewable resources, particularly fossil fuels, has awaken a growing interest in research of sustainable alternative energy sources, such as bioethanol. The production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials comprises three main stages, starting with a pretreatment, followed by an enzymatic hydrolysis step where fermentable sugars are obtained for the final fermentation process. Enzymatic hydrolysis represents an essential step in the bioethanol production, however there are some limitations in it that hinders the process to be economically feasible. Different strategies have been studied to overcome these limitations, including the enzyme recycling and the utilization of high solids concentrations. Several investigations have been carried out in different bioreactor configurations with the aim to obtain higher yields of glucose in the enzymatic hydrolysis stage; however, the commonest are Stirred Tank Bioreactors (STBR) and Membrane Bioreactors (MBR). In general, the key criteria for a bioreactor design include adequate mass transfer, low shear stress, and efficient mixing that allows the appropriated interaction between the substrate and the enzyme. Therefore, this review will address the main aspects to be considered for a bioreactor design, as well as, the operational conditions, some characteristics and mode of operating strategies of the two main bioreactors used in the enzymatic hydrolysis stage. Moreover, two types of pneumatically agitated bioreactors, namely bubble column and gas-lift bioreactors, are discussed as promising alternatives to develop enzymatic saccharification due to their low energy consumption compared with STBR.This work was financial supported by the Secretary of Public Education of Mexico – Mexican Science and Technology Council (SEPCONACYT) with the Basic Science Project-2015-01 (Ref. 254808), and the Energy Sustainability Fund 2014-05 (CONACYT-SENER), Mexican Centre for Innovation in Bioenergy (Cemie-Bio), and Cluster of Bioalcohols (Ref. 249564). The author Marcela Pino also thanks the National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT, Mexico) for her Master Fellowship support (grant number: 611312/452636).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Inventario de Daños y Efectos Geológicos Co y/o Post-Sísmicos del Sismo Ocurrido el 18 de mayo de 1875, en la Frontera entre Colombia y Venezuela

On the border between Colombia and Venezuela, have occurred seismic events with important records of damage in both countries. In this paper, we study the historical earthquake that took place on May 18, 1875 between 11.15 and 11.30 in the morning (the time was the same for communities in both countries since there was no time zone difference), which is catalogued as a border earthquake due to the report of damages in the cities of both nations. The community of San José de Cúcuta, current capital of the Northern State of Santander, Colombia, registered the greatest number of deaths and damage to buildings. An inventory of the geological damage and co -seismic and postseismic effects was created based on information of previous studies and data obtained from archival primary sources from Colombia and Venezuela. The result is a bi-national database, which includes the summaries of historical descriptions with the effects in the persons and objects, the geological damages and effects observed during the seismic event. These data has led to the creation of a table of MM and EMS-98 intensities, which enables the identification and delimitation of the regions of greater damages. The maximum level intensity is I=10 in the cities of San José de Cúcuta, Villa del Rosario, Pueblo de Cúcuta (San Luis) in Colombia and San Antonio, San Juan de Ureña in Venezuela. Moreover, we formulated a table of intensities using the ESI-2007 INQUA scale, based on the information of geological observations described in historical documents. These data are related to the epicentral zone with an approximate radius of 30 km.Published105-2635T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismicaN/A or not JC

The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Mock galaxy catalogues for the BOSS Final Data Release

We reproduce the galaxy clustering catalogue from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Final Data Release (BOSS DR11 and DR12) with high fidelity on all relevant scales in order to allow a robust analysis of baryon acoustic oscillations and redshift space distortions. We have generated (6000) 12 288 MultiDark PATCHY BOSS (DR11) DR12 light cones corresponding to an effective volume of ~ 192 000 [h-1 Gpc]3 (the largest ever simulated volume), including cosmic evolution in the redshift range from 0.15 to 0.75. The mocks have been calibrated using a reference galaxy catalogue based on the halo abundance matching modelling of the BOSS DR11 and DR12 galaxy clustering data and on the data themselves. The production follows three steps. First, we apply the PATCHY code to generate a dark matter field and an object distribution including non-linear stochastic galaxy bias. Secondly, we run the halo/stellar distribution reconstruction HADRON code to assign masses to the various objects. This step uses the mass distribution as a function of local density and non-local indicators (i.e. tidal field tensor eigenvalues and relative halo exclusion separation for massive objects) from the reference simulation applied to the corresponding patchy dark matter and galaxy distribution. Finally, we apply the SUGAR code to build the light cones. The resulting MultiDarkPATCHY mock light cones reproduce the number density, selection function, survey geometry, and in general within 1s, for arbitrary stellar mass bins, the power spectrum up to k = 0.3 h Mpc-1, the two-point correlation functions down to a few Mpc scales, and the three-point statistics of the BOSS DR11 and DR12 galaxy samples.Fil: Kitaura, Francisco-Shu. Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam; AlemaniaFil: Rodriguez Torres, Sergio A.. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Chuang, Chia Hsun. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Zhao, Cheng. Tsinghua University; ChinaFil: Prada, Francisco. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Gil Marín, Héctor. University of Portsmouth; Reino UnidoFil: Guo, Hong. State University of Utah; Estados Unidos. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory; ChinaFil: Yepes, Gustavo. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: Klypin, Anatoly. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. New Mexico State University; Estados UnidosFil: Scoccola, Claudia Graciela. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Instituto de Astrof{isica de Canarias; España. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Tinker, Jeremy. University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: McBride, Cameron. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Reid, Beth. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Sánchez, Ariel G.. Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik; AlemaniaFil: Salazar Albornoz, Salvador. Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik; Alemania. Ludwig Maximilians Universitat; AlemaniaFil: Grieb, Jan Niklas. Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik; Alemania. Ludwig Maximilians Universitat; AlemaniaFil: Vargas Magana, Mariana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Cuesta, Antonio J.. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Neyrinck, Mark. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Beutler, Florian. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Comparat, Johan. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Percival, Will J.. University of Portsmouth; Reino UnidoFil: Ross, Ashley. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos. University of Portsmouth; Reino Unid

Frecuencia del marcador IWA7257-YR78 asociado con la resistencia a roya amarilla en trigo harinero mexicano

Yr78 es un gen de planta adulta que confiere resistencia a la roya amarilla del trigo y que fue recientemente identificado en la línea de trigo harinero PI520108 (HORK/KALYANSONA). El gen se encuentra localizado en el cromosoma 6BS y hasta antes de este estudio se desconocía su frecuencia. Dentro de la colección de trigo del banco de germoplasma del CIMMYT se identificaron 917 líneas que llevan a HORK como progenitor en el pedigrí. Aproximadamente el 12 % de las muestras (117 líneas) se probaron con el marcador molecular IWA7257-Yr78, ligado al gen de resistencia Yr78, y con las razas fisiológicas de roya amarilla MEX14.191 y MEX17.83. Se determinó que 76 % de las líneas fueron positivas para el marcador IWA7257-Yr78. Las líneas susceptibles en etapa de plántula mostraron una severidad final a la enfermedad que osciló entre 0 y 80 % en el campo, y una respuesta similar en las líneas resistentes en plántula de 1MR a 60M. El 24 % restante de líneas negativas para el marcador Yr78, susceptibles y resistentes en etapa de plántula, mostraron respuestas que oscilaban entre 5M y 50MR, indicando la presencia de otros genes de resistencia; además, el 64 % de 621 líneas de tres viveros de selección de trigo de primavera del CIMMYT analizadas molecularmente fueron positivas al marcador Yr78, lo que indica que este gen es más común de lo esperado en el germoplasma mexicano. Las evaluaciones de invernadero y de campo en planta adulta indicaron que Yr78 induce una fuerte clorosis y necrosis, pero no reduce el porcentaje de infección; por lo tanto, Yr78 debe utilizarse en combinación con otros genes de resistencia

Coronary plaque composition as assessed by greyscale intravascular ultrasound and radiofrequency spectral data analysis

Objectives: (i) To explore the relation between greyscale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) plaque qualitative classification and IVUS radiofrequency data (RFD) analysis tissue types; (ii) to evaluate if plaque composition as assessed by RFD analysis can be predicted by visual assessment of greyscale IVUS images. Methods: In 120 IVUS-RFD cross-sections, a sector of the plaque with homogenous tissue composition (e.g., fibrous, fibrofatty, necrotic core, and dense calcium) was selected. Two experienced observers analyzed twice the corresponding greyscale IVUS images to: (1) classify the selected sectors according to greyscale IVUS plaque type classification and (2) predict the tissue type expected in the sector by RFD analysis. Results: In the greyscale IVUS plaque type classification, the observers agreed in 90/120 sectors (κ = 0.64). Calcified, soft and mixed plaques by greyscale IVUS classification were mainly composed of dense calcium, fibrofatty, and necrotic core, respectively, in the RFD analysis. The plaques classified in greyscale IVUS as fibrous were actually fibrous tissue by IVUS RFD in only 30% of the cases. Overall, high interobserver variability in the prediction of RFD results by visual assessment of greyscale IVUS images (κ = 0.23 for observer 1 and 0.55 for observer 2) was found. Sens

Sirolimus-Eluting Versus Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent Implantation for the Percutaneous Treatment of Left Main Coronary Artery Disease A Combined RESEARCH and T-SEARCH Long-Term Analysis

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term clinical and angiographic profile of sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) versus paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) in patients undergoing percutaneous intervention for left main (LM) coronary disease.BackgroundThe long-term clinical and angiographic impact of SES as opposed to PES implantation in this subset of patients is unknown.MethodsFrom April 2002 to March 2004, 110 patients underwent percutaneous intervention for LM stenosis at our institution; 55 patients were treated with SES and 55 with PES. The two groups were well balanced for all baseline characteristics.ResultsAt a median follow-up of 660 days (range 428 to 885), the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events was similar (25% in the SES group vs. 29%, in the PES group; hazard ratio 0.88 [95% confidence interval 0.43 to 1.82]; p = 0.74), reflecting similarities in both the composite death/myocardial infarction (16% in the SES group and 18% in the PES group) and target vessel revascularization (9% in the SES group and 11% in the PES group). Angiographic in-stent late loss (mm), evaluated in 73% of the SES group and in 77% of the PES group, was 0.32 ± 74 in the main and 0.36 ± 0.59 in the side branch in the SES group vs. 0.46 ± 0.57 (p = 0.36) and 0.52 ± 0.42 (p = 0.41) in the PES group, respectively.ConclusionsIn consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous LM intervention, PES may perform closely to SES both in terms of angiographic and long-term clinical outcome

Infectious Diseases, Social, Economic and Political Crises, Anthropogenic Disasters and Beyond: Venezuela 2019 – Implications for Public Health and Travel Medicine

During last months, there have been a significant increase in the evidences showing the catastrophic health situation in Venezuela. There are multiple epidemics, increase in emerging and reemerging infectious, tropical and parasitic diseases as consequences of the social, economic and political crises, which would be considered today a clearly anthropogenic disaster. Venezuela is facing in 2019, the worse sanitary conditions, with multiple implications for public health and travel medicine. So far, from a global perspective, this situation will be an impediment for the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDG) in 2030. In this multiauthor review, there is a comprehensive analysis of the situation for infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, their impact in the Americas region, given the migration crisis as well as the comparative status of the SDG 2030. This discussion can provide input for prioritizing emerging health problems and establish a future agenda