Fast Subpixel Full Search Motion Estimation

Motion estimation is one of the most important part in video coding, where only the difference between the current and reference frames will be coded by the encoder.There are many advancements happening in motion estimation techniques. The proposed algorithm provides high precision matching and even reduces the errors during compensation. The algorithm also reduces the computation time when compared to traditional Block matching techniques. It mainly aims at the motion estimation with subpixelaccuracy without interpolation, it is the combination of Block matching and the optical flow method.Fast computation may be evaluated by experimental results while even motion vectors are more accurate reducing the PSNR

A dynamical approach to the spatiotemporal aspects of the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect: Chaos,turbulence and band propagation

Experimental time series obtained from single and poly-crystals subjected to a constant strain rate tests report an intriguing dynamical crossover from a low dimensional chaotic state at medium strain rates to an infinite dimensional power law state of stress drops at high strain rates. We present results of an extensive study of all aspects of the PLC effect within the context a model that reproduces this crossover. A study of the distribution of the Lyapunov exponents as a function of strain rate shows that it changes from a small set of positive exponents in the chaotic regime to a dense set of null exponents in the scaling regime. As the latter feature is similar to the GOY shell model for turbulence, we compare our results with the GOY model. Interestingly, the null exponents in our model themselves obey a power law. The configuration of dislocations is visualized through the slow manifold analysis. This shows that while a large proportion of dislocations are in the pinned state in the chaotic regime, most of them are at the threshold of unpinning in the scaling regime. The model qualitatively reproduces the different types of deformation bands seen in experiments. At high strain rates where propagating bands are seen, the model equations are reduced to the Fisher-Kolmogorov equation for propagative fronts. This shows that the velocity of the bands varies linearly with the strain rate and inversely with the dislocation density, consistent with the known experimental results. Thus, this simple dynamical model captures the complex spatio-temporal features of the PLC effect.Comment: 17 pages, 18 figure

USE OF WATER QUALITY INDEX TO DETERMINE SUITABILITY AND EASONAL DISSIMILARITY OF WATER BODIES IN HASSAN, KARNATAKA, INDIA

ABSTRACT To assess spatial and sequential contamination of selected water bodies using Water Quality Index (WQI) has been calculated for Channarayapatna (SC 1 and SC 2 ), Bagur (SB 1 and SB 2 ), Janivara (SJ 1 and SJ 2 ) and Anekere (SA 1 and SA 2 ) at Channarayapatna taluk during pre-monsoon season and monsoon season. Water quality parameters were selected as per the WHO guidelines. Fourteen water quality physico-chemical parameters were estimated as per the standard methods and procedures. Drinking water at almost all the sites was found to be highly contaminated, except a few sites, where it was found moderately contaminated for both the seasons during the year 2011. In general, to some extent water quality showed deterioration after the onset of monsoon. The rural village activity produces a serious and negative effect on the water quality, this is due sewage discharge from the villages. Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated to know the overall quality of water samples. The results show that the water quality index is observed in the range of 75-98 and expected in the range of 75-98 which shows marginally water quality for drinking purposes. The water quality index is calculated by indicator (100-point scale) shows that this water can be used for drinking purpose after purification treatment. Results show that quality for irrigation purpose is quite good. It was found that some effective measures are urgently required for water quality management in this region

Multi-input Fuzzy Logic Controller for Brushless dc Motor Drives

The brushless dc motors are used in various applications such as defence, industries,robotics, etc. In these applications, the motor should be precisely controlled to give the desiredperformance. The proposed controller systems consist of multi-input fuzzy (two-and three-input)logic controller (FLC) and multi-input integrated fuzzy logic controller (IFLC) for the speed controlof brushless dc servomotor drive. The input for the controllers are error e(k), change in error[first derivative of error ce(k)] and change of change in error [second derivative of error cce(k)]with a single-output. The error cce(k) is substantial at the overshoots/undershoots and is thereforeessential for accurate speed control of brushless dc motor. The error cce(k) has been introducedfor the first time in the literature as one of the input in the FLC and IFLC design. The IFLC isdesigned using FLC and proportional derivation integral (PID) controllers. The controller systemshave been studied systematically for the transient and steady-state conditions. The three-inputIFLC is found to be superior, more robust, faster, flexible, and is insensitive to the parametervariations as compared with the FLC (with two-and three-input) and conventional two-inputIFL

Multifractal burst in the spatio-temporal dynamics of jerky flow

The collective behavior of dislocations in jerky flow is studied in Al-Mg polycrystalline samples subjected to constant strain rate tests. Complementary dynamical, statistical and multifractal analyses are carried out on the stress-time series recorded during jerky flow to characterize the distinct spatio-temporal dynamical regimes. It is shown that the hopping type B and the propagating type A bands correspond to chaotic and self-organized critical states respectively. The crossover between these types of bands is identified by a large spread in the multifractal spectrum. These results are interpreted on the basis of competing scales and mechanisms.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures To be published in Phys. Rev. Lett. (2001

11^{11}B NMR study of pure and lightly carbon doped MgB2_2 superconductors

We report a $^{11}$B NMR line shape and spin-lattice relaxation rate ($1/(T_1T)$) study of pure and lightly carbon doped MgB$_{2-x}$C$_{x}$ for $x=0$, 0.02, and 0.04, in the vortex state and in magnetic field of 23.5 kOe. We show that while pure MgB$_2$ exhibits the magnetic field distribution from superposition of the normal and the Abrikosov state, slight replacement of boron with carbon unveils the magnetic field distribution of the pure Abrikosov state. This indicates a considerable increase of $H_{c2}^c$ with carbon doping with respect to pure MgB$_2$. The spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/(T_1T)$ demonstrates clearly the presence of a coherence peak right below $T_c$ in pure MgB$_2$, followed by a typical BCS decrease on cooling. However, at temperatures lower than $\approx 10$K strong deviation from the BCS behavior is observed, probably from residual contribution of the vortex dynamics. In the carbon doped systems both the coherence peak and the BCS temperature dependence of $1/(T_1T)$ weaken, an effect attributed to the gradual shrinking of the $\sigma$ hole cylinders of the Fermi surface with electron doping.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

75As NMR probe of antiferromagnetic fluctuations in Ba(Fe1-xRux)2As2

The evolution of 75As NMR parameters with composition and temperature was probed in the Ba(Fe1-xRux)2As2 system where Fe is replaced by isovalent Ru. While the Ru-end member was found to be a conventional Fermi liquid, the composition (x=0.5) corresponding to the highest Tc (20K) in this system shows an upturn in 75As 1/T1T below about 80 K evidencing the presence of antiferromagnetic (AFM) fluctuations. These results are similar to those obtained in another system with isovalent substitution BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 [Y. Nakai, T. Iye, S. Kitagawa, K. Ishida, H. Ikeda, S. Kasahara, H. Shishido, T. Shibauchi, Y. Matsuda, and T. Terashima, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 107003 (2010)] and point to the possible role of AFM fluctuations in driving superconductivity.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Fabrication of magnetic and photocatalytic polyamide fabric coated with Fe2O3 particles

Hematite (alpha-Fe₂O₃) particles are prepared and synchronously deposited on the surface of polyamide (PA) fabric using ferric sulfate as the precursor, sodium hydroxide as the precipitant, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as the dispersant in a low temperature hydrothermal process. The Fe₂O₃ coated PA fabric is then modified with silane coupling agent Z-6040. The Fe₂O₃ coated PA fabric and remaining particles are systematically characterized by different techniques, such as small-spot micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The properties of tensile, durable washing and photocatalytic activity are investigated. The experimental results show that Fe₂O₃ particles composed of nanoparticles having the average crystallite size of 37.8 nm are grafted onto PA fabric and enhanced by coupling agent via the C-Fe, O-Fe and Si-O-Fe bonds. It is found that, after treatments, the thermal stability of PA fabric hardly changes; the visible light absorption capability and magnetism are gained; and the tensile property decreases slightly. It is also confirmed that the Fe₂O₃ coated PA fabric can withstand the repeated washings up to 20 times and photodegrade the adsorbed methyl orange (MO) exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Therefore, the present method provides a new strategy for the production of durable magnetic fabric

The Effect of Rural-to-Urban Migration on Obesity and Diabetes in India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Shah Ebrahim and colleagues examine the distribution of obesity, diabetes, and other cardiovascular risk factors among urban migrant factory workers in India, together with their rural siblings. The investigators identify patterns of change of cardiovascular risk factors associated with urban migration

Post translational changes to α-synuclein control iron and dopamine trafficking : a concept for neuron vulnerability in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, the aetiology of which remains elusive. The primary clinical feature of progressively impaired motor control is caused by a loss of midbrain substantia nigra dopamine neurons that have a high α-synuclein (α-syn) and iron content. α-Syn is a neuronal protein that is highly modified post-translationally and central to the Lewy body neuropathology of the disease. This review provides an overview of findings on the role post translational modifications to α-syn have in membrane binding and intracellular vesicle trafficking. Furthermore, we propose a concept in which acetylation and phosphorylation of α-syn modulate endocytic import of iron and vesicle transport of dopamine during normal physiology. Disregulated phosphorylation and oxidation of α-syn mediate iron and dopamine dependent oxidative stress through impaired cellular location and increase propensity for α-syn aggregation. The proposition highlights a connection between α-syn, iron and dopamine, three pathological components associated with disease progression in sporadic Parkinson's disease