19 research outputs found

    ÍzeltlĂĄbĂșak szemĂ©lyisĂ©gjegyekkel

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    Efficiency against the Two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae and prey-age-related choice of three predatory mites

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    Specialist and generalist predator mites have been recommended against the Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranycus urticae) as biological control agents, but their effectiveness in population regulation has been rarely examined under circumstances when prey had the opportunity to express antipredatory responses. We tested the efficiency and preference for prey life stages of three predator mites, one specialist (Phytoseiulus persimilis) and two generalists (Amblyseius swirskii and Iphiseius degenerans). We used two predator densities and performed the experiment under ‘seminatural’ conditions. We found that significantly less eggs and adult spider mites survived in the presence of P. persimilis compared to the control group, and this predator mite consumed more eggs at high density than the other predators. In the presence of A. swirskii fewer adult spider mites survived at low density compared to the control, whereas egg survival was lower than in the control group at both densities. In the presence of I. degenerans, only the survival of eggs was lower than in the control group and only at high density. Our results suggest that the generalist A. swirskii, but not I. degenerans, may be efficient in regulating prey populations through egg consumption, and, thus, represents an alternative to the effective specialist predator

    Antimicrobial susceptibility of Riemerella anatipestifer strains isolated from geese and ducks in Hungary

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    Riemerella anatipestifer causes anatipestifer disease in many avian species. A total of 185 R. anatipestifer strains isolated in Hungary between 2000 and 2014 from geese and ducks were tested against 13 antibiotics (ampicillin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, gentamicin, penicillin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, sulphamethoxazole—trimethoprim, sulphonamide compounds, and tetracycline) by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The majority of the strains were susceptible to florfenicol (97.9%), ampicillin (95.1%), penicillin (93%), sulphamethoxazole—trimethoprim (92.4%), and spectinomycin (86.5%). The highest resistance rates were observed for flumequine, tetracycline, erythromycin and streptomycin (94%, 91.4%, 75.1% and 71.4% resistance, respectively). The resistance patterns showed some variation depending on the geographical origin of the strains. The average rate of extensive drug resistance was 30.3%, and its proportion tended to increase in the period examined

    Q50, an Iron-Chelating and Zinc-Complexing Agent, Improves Cardiac Function in Rat Models of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Injury

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    Background: Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium may contribute to substantial cardiac tissue damage, but the addition of iron chelators, zinc or zinc complexes has been shown to prevent heart from reperfusion injury. We investigated the possible beneficial effects of an iron-chelating and zinc-complexing agent, Q50, in rat models of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial infarction and on global reversible myocardial I/R injury after heart transplantation. Methods and Results: Rats underwent 45-min myocardial ischemia by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation followed by 24h reperfusion. Vehicle or Q50 (10mg/kg, IV) were given 5min before reperfusion. In a heart transplantation model, donor rats received vehicle or Q50 (30mg/kg, IV) 1h before the onset of ischemia. In myocardial infarcted rats, increased left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes were significantly decreased by Q50 post treatment as compared with the sham group. Moreover, in I/R rat hearts, the decreased dP/dtmax and load-independent contractility parameters were significantly increased after Q50. However, Q50 treatment did not reduce infarct size or have any effect on increased plasma cardiac troponin-T-levels. In the rat model of heart transplantation, 1h after reperfusion, decreased left ventricular systolic pressure, dP/dtmax, dP/dtmin and myocardial ATP content were significantly increased and myocardial protein expression of superoxide dismutase-1 was upregulated after Q50 treatment. Conclusions: In 2 experimental models of I/R, administration of Q50 improved myocardial function. Its mechanisms of action implicate in part the restoration of myocardial high-energy phosphates and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes.  (Circ J 2013; 77: 1817–1826

    ViselkedĂ©si szindrĂłmĂĄk verƑköltƑ bodobĂĄcsoknĂĄl (Pyrrhocoris apterus)

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    Az utĂłbbi Ă©vekben szĂĄmos vizsgĂĄlati eredmĂ©ny gyƱlt össze arra vonatkozĂłan, hogy nem csak az embereknek van szemĂ©lyisĂ©gĂŒk, hanem szĂĄmos ĂĄllatfaj egyedeinek is. A szemĂ©lyisĂ©g egy egyszerƱ definĂ­ciĂł szerint olyan összefĂŒggƑ viselkedĂ©si jellegek csoportja, amely kĂŒlönbözƑ szituĂĄciĂłkban is megnyilvĂĄnul (Carere 2005). Max Wolf Ă©s munkatĂĄrsai (2007) modellje magyarĂĄzatot ad az egyedi kĂŒlönbsĂ©gekre egy populĂĄciĂłn belĂŒl, ahol az egyedek az aktuĂĄlis Ă©s kĂ©sƑbbi szaporodĂĄs közötti optimalizĂĄlĂĄs Ă©rdekĂ©ben mĂĄs-mĂĄs stratĂ©giĂĄt vĂĄlasztanak egy adott szituĂĄciĂłban. KĂ­sĂ©rletĂŒnkben ezt a modellt teszteljĂŒk, a termĂ©szetbƑl befogott verƑköltƑ bodobĂĄcs (Pyrrhocoris apterus) kĂ©t megjelenĂ©si formĂĄjĂĄnĂĄl, azaz a szĂĄrnyas Ă©s szĂĄrnyatlan alakoknĂĄl, hiszen szĂĄmos kutatĂł (pl. Socha 1993) kimutatta mĂĄr, hogy e kĂ©t eltĂ©rƑ forma kĂŒlönbözƑ Ă©letmenet stratĂ©giĂĄkat követnek. Éppen ezĂ©rt ideĂĄlis alanyai lehetnek a modell tesztelĂ©sĂ©re, vagyis annak kiderĂ­tĂ©sĂ©re, hogy az eltĂ©rƑ Ă©letmenet stratĂ©giĂĄkkal rendelkezƑ egyedek eltĂ©rƑ szemĂ©lyisĂ©gƱek e. VizsgĂĄlatunkban egy olyan viselkedĂ©si tesztet hasznĂĄltunk, ahol az ĂĄllatokat blokkos elrendezĂ©s alapjĂĄn egy kifutĂłban futattuk, rögzĂ­tve az ĂĄllat ĂștvonalĂĄt webkamera segĂ­tsĂ©gĂ©vel, majd a felvĂ©teleket elemeztĂŒk. A kapott eredmĂ©nyekbƑl kiderĂŒlt, hogy tĂ©nyleg van a vizsgĂĄlt egyedeknek szemĂ©lyisĂ©gĂŒk. SikerĂŒlt megmutatnunk, hogy a verƑköltƑ bodobĂĄcs (Pyrrhocoris apterus) kĂ©t alakja kĂŒlönbözik viselkedĂ©sĂŒkben, ezzel alĂĄtĂĄmasztva Wolf-Ă©k (2007) modelljĂ©t. Tesztjeink sorĂĄn viszont csak a nƑstĂ©nyeknĂ©l figyelhetƑ meg kĂŒlönbsĂ©g a szĂĄrnyas Ă©s szĂĄrnyatlan formĂĄk között. E szerint a szĂĄrnyas nƑstĂ©ny egyedek pöccintĂ©sre gyorsabban reagĂĄltak, mint a szĂĄrnyatlanok, azaz bĂĄtrabbak, illetve több dugĂłt lĂĄtogattak, alaposabban felfedezve Ă­gy az Ășj környezetĂŒket. Ez azĂ©rt lehet, mert a nƑstĂ©nyre, mivel a hĂ­mnĂ©l többet fektet a szaporodĂĄsba a nagy Ă©s Ă©rtĂ©kes petecsomĂł rĂ©vĂ©n, nagyobb hatĂĄssal lehetnek az Ă©letmenetbeli kĂŒlönbsĂ©gek.rĂ©gi kĂ©pzĂ©sbiolĂłgus-ökolĂłgusg

    A viselkedés egyedi våltozatossåga a ver költ bodobåcsnål (Pyrrhocoris apterus): okok és következmények

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    Az ĂĄllati viselkedĂ©s tanulmĂĄnyozĂĄsa az utĂłbbi Ă©vtizedben egy jelentƑ s vĂĄltozĂĄson ment keresztĂŒl. A viselkedĂ©sben fellĂ©p Ƒ egyedi kĂŒlönbsĂ©gek jelensĂ©ge, melyet rĂ©gebben „zajnak”,az egyedfejlƑdĂ©s sorĂĄn fellĂ©p Ƒ „hibĂĄk” következmĂ©nyĂ©nek tekintettek, ma mĂĄr a viselkedĂ©sökolĂłgiai kutatĂĄsok egyik központi kĂ©rdĂ©se lett. Ezeket a viselkedĂ©sben megjelenƑ egyedei kĂŒlönbsĂ©geket, melyek id Ƒn Ă©s szituĂĄciĂłkon keresztĂŒl ĂĄllandĂłak, Ă©s gyakran egymĂĄssal összefĂŒggnek szoktĂĄk viselkedĂ©si szindrĂłmĂĄnak, vĂ©rmĂ©rsĂ©kletnek (temperamentumnak), viselkedĂ©si tĂ­pusnak illetve, ĂĄllati szemĂ©lyisĂ©gnek is definiĂĄlni (Sih Ă©s mtsai 2004, RĂ©ale Ă©s mtsai 2007, Sih Ă©s Bell 2008). DisszertĂĄciĂłm nĂ©gy fejezetbƑl ĂĄll: az elsƑ fejezetben egy az ĂĄllati szemĂ©lyisĂ©g magyarĂĄzatĂĄra szolgĂĄlĂł adaptĂ­v modellt tesztelek verƑköltƑ bodobĂĄcsokkal; a mĂĄsodik fejezetben azt vizsgĂĄlom, hogy vajon hogyan vĂĄltozik a szemĂ©lyisĂ©g az egyedfejlƑdĂ©s sorĂĄn; dolgozatom harmadik fejezete egy a verƑköltƑ bodobĂĄcsokon talĂĄlhatĂł atkafajt leĂ­rĂł cikkbƑl ĂĄll, mĂ­g a negyedik fejezetben a parazitizmus Ă©s az ĂĄllati szemĂ©lyisĂ©g kapcsolatĂĄt vizsgĂĄlom. Studying animal behaviour has gone thought a remarkable change in the last decade. The phenomenon of individual differences in behaviour - previously considered as consequences of random effects during an individual’s ontogeny – have became a central research question of behavioural ecology and evolutionary biology (RĂ©ale et al. 2010). Differences in behaviour that are consistent across time and situation and often correlate with each other can be referred to as behavioural syndrome, temperament, behavioural type or animal personality (Sih et al. 2004, RĂ©ale et al. 2007, Sih and Bell 2008). One of my aims was to set up a system which provides us an opportunity to measure stable individual differences in behaviour (Gyuris et al. 2011), after I examined personality change across an important life-stage transition (Gyuris et al. 2012). Parasitism might be a crucial factor that is responsible for individual variation in behaviour, but the direction and consequences of these effects are less-known (Barber and Dingemanse 2010). In the last part of my dissertation, I examined the relation of this parasite mite and firebugs’ personality traits

    A viselkedĂ©s egyedi vĂĄltozatossĂĄga a verƑköltƑ bodobĂĄcsnĂĄl (Pyrrhocoris apterus): okok Ă©s következmĂ©nyek

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    Az ĂĄllati viselkedĂ©s tanulmĂĄnyozĂĄsa az utĂłbbi Ă©vtizedben egy jelentƑ s vĂĄltozĂĄson ment keresztĂŒl. A viselkedĂ©sben fellĂ©p Ƒ egyedi kĂŒlönbsĂ©gek jelensĂ©ge, melyet rĂ©gebben „zajnak”,az egyedfejlƑdĂ©s sorĂĄn fellĂ©p Ƒ „hibĂĄk” következmĂ©nyĂ©nek tekintettek, ma mĂĄr a viselkedĂ©sökolĂłgiai kutatĂĄsok egyik központi kĂ©rdĂ©se lett. Ezeket a viselkedĂ©sben megjelenƑ egyedei kĂŒlönbsĂ©geket, melyek id Ƒn Ă©s szituĂĄciĂłkon keresztĂŒl ĂĄllandĂłak, Ă©s gyakran egymĂĄssal összefĂŒggnek szoktĂĄk viselkedĂ©si szindrĂłmĂĄnak, vĂ©rmĂ©rsĂ©kletnek (temperamentumnak), viselkedĂ©si tĂ­pusnak illetve, ĂĄllati szemĂ©lyisĂ©gnek is definiĂĄlni (Sih Ă©s mtsai 2004, RĂ©ale Ă©s mtsai 2007, Sih Ă©s Bell 2008). DisszertĂĄciĂłm nĂ©gy fejezetbƑl ĂĄll: az elsƑ fejezetben egy az ĂĄllati szemĂ©lyisĂ©g magyarĂĄzatĂĄra szolgĂĄlĂł adaptĂ­v modellt tesztelek verƑköltƑ bodobĂĄcsokkal; a mĂĄsodik fejezetben azt vizsgĂĄlom, hogy vajon hogyan vĂĄltozik a szemĂ©lyisĂ©g az egyedfejlƑdĂ©s sorĂĄn; dolgozatom harmadik fejezete egy a verƑköltƑ bodobĂĄcsokon talĂĄlhatĂł atkafajt leĂ­rĂł cikkbƑl ĂĄll, mĂ­g a negyedik fejezetben a parazitizmus Ă©s az ĂĄllati szemĂ©lyisĂ©g kapcsolatĂĄt vizsgĂĄlom. Studying animal behaviour has gone thought a remarkable change in the last decade. The phenomenon of individual differences in behaviour - previously considered as consequences of random effects during an individual’s ontogeny – have became a central research question of behavioural ecology and evolutionary biology (RĂ©ale et al. 2010). Differences in behaviour that are consistent across time and situation and often correlate with each other can be referred to as behavioural syndrome, temperament, behavioural type or animal personality (Sih et al. 2004, RĂ©ale et al. 2007, Sih and Bell 2008). One of my aims was to set up a system which provides us an opportunity to measure stable individual differences in behaviour (Gyuris et al. 2011), after I examined personality change across an important life-stage transition (Gyuris et al. 2012). Parasitism might be a crucial factor that is responsible for individual variation in behaviour, but the direction and consequences of these effects are less-known (Barber and Dingemanse 2010). In the last part of my dissertation, I examined the relation of this parasite mite and firebugs’ personality traits

    Riemerella anatipestifer caused disease of poultry - Literature review

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    SUMMARY Riemerella anatipestifer is prevalent throughout the world, including Hungary as well. Primarily, it causes disease in young ducklings and goslings, but it may induce heavy losses in turkey flocks too. The authors summarize the literature data on the history of the anatipestifer disease and the characteristics of R. anatipestifer. They describe the epidemiology, the clinical sings and the pathological lesions of anatipestifer disease. Isolation, identification and the methods of classification of R. anatipestifer are also discussed. Finally, they summarize the aspects of treatment and prevention of the disease
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