21 research outputs found

    Therapeutic methods for peritoneal carcinomatosis: standardization of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic studies

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    La carcinose pĂ©ritonĂ©ale (CP) correspond le plus souvent Ă  l'envahissement mĂ©tastatique de la cavitĂ© pĂ©ritonĂ©ale survenant dans 85 Ă  90% des cas de l'ovaire et 5 Ă  20% des cancers colorectaux. La pauvretĂ© de des signes cliniques explique que le diagnostic se fasse Ă  un stade souvent avancĂ©. Jusque rĂ©cemment, le traitement d'une CP Ă©tait exclusivement palliatif avec une chirurgie de nĂ©cessitĂ© incomplĂšte et une chimiothĂ©rapie systĂ©mique, et une survie mĂ©diocre. La cause du dĂ©cĂšs est dans la majoritĂ© des cas la carcinose elle-mĂȘme. Les avancĂ©es en matiĂšre de chirurgie pĂ©ritonĂ©ale extensive et de chimiothĂ©rapie intrapĂ©ritonĂ©ale combinĂ©e ou non Ă  une hyperthermie ont fait naĂźtre de nombreux espoirs de curabilitĂ©. La chirurgie de cytoreduction complĂšte reprĂ©sente le facteur pronostic essentiel, quelque soit l'origine tumorale primitive. L'association d'une chirurgie et d'une chimiothĂ©rapie intraperitonĂ©ale a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e dans le cancer de l'ovaire avec des taux de survie impressionnants. L'hyperthermie induit une destruction sĂ©lective des cellules en hypoxie, dans des zones tumorales en acidose, tout en prĂ©servant le tissu sain environnant. Pour les patients atteints de CP, une technique nommĂ©e CHIP a Ă©tĂ© developpĂ©e permettant de dĂ©livrer une chimiothĂ©rapie intrapĂ©ritonĂ©ale en condition d'hyperthermie. Une augmentation importante de la survie de patients atteints de CP colorectal ou de maladie rare du pĂ©ritoine a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence. Des essais cliniques sont en cours afin de vĂ©rifier le bĂ©nĂ©fice attendu de l'HIPEC dans diffĂ©rentes pathologies. PremiĂšrement, compte tenu de large dĂ©veloppement de la laparoscopie, l'adressage de patients avec une carcinose localisĂ©e est frĂ©quent. Nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ©, sur modĂšle animal, une technique de pĂ©ritonectomie laparoscopique avec CHIP Ă  l'oxaliplatine. Les paramĂštres pharmacocinĂ©tiques (PK) en terme d'absorption de la drogue et de pĂ©nĂ©tration intra-tissulaire ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s avec mise en Ă©vidence du rĂŽle favorable de l'hyperpression intraabdominale. Ces travaux ont Ă©tĂ© publiĂ© dans Gynecologic Oncology, dans Annals of Surgical Oncology (2 articles) et inclus dans un chapitre de livre international (Humana Press) concernant la pharmacologie et la PK des sels de platine. Ensuite, nous avons Ă©tabli un nouveau modĂšle de pharmacocinĂ©tique des populations que nous avons appliquĂ© Ă  la comparaison de deux modes d'administration de la chimiothĂ©rapie lors des CHIP Ă  l'oxaliplatine, sur 24 patients. Ce travail a Ă©tĂ© publiĂ© dans Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. Enfin, diffĂ©rentes Ă©tudes cliniques et pharmacodynamiques (PD) ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e afin d'Ă©valuer et de prĂ©dire la toxicitĂ© spĂ©cifique des CHIP rĂ©alisĂ©es au Cisplatine et Ă  l'Oxaliplatine. Trois travaux successifs ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s pour Ă©valuer la toxicitĂ© rĂ©nale liĂ©e au Cisplatine. Dans une Ă©tude pilote de PK, non publiĂ©e, de dĂ©sescalade de dose, nous avons montrĂ© que le risque d'insuffisance rĂ©nale n'est pas expliquĂ© par la PK (prĂ©sentation au CongrĂšs de Pharmaco-Oncologistes). Cela a Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ© dans une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective bicentrique avec mise en Ă©vidence de facteurs de risque. Ce travail est soumis Ă  publication dans European Journal of Surgical Oncology. Enfin une Ă©tude de phase I d'escalade de dose a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e permettant de dĂ©terminer la dose optimale de Cisplatine en CHIP et est soumise Ă  publication dans Journal of Clinical Oncology. Compte tenu de la toxicitĂ© rĂ©nale du cisplatine, une Ă©tude prospective de phase II a Ă©valuĂ© la morbiditĂ© de l'oxaliplatine en CHIP dans le cancer de l'ovaire. Cet essai a Ă©tĂ© clos de façon anticipĂ©e compte tenu du taux d'hĂ©mopĂ©ritoine et publiĂ© dans European Journal of Surgical Oncology. Afin d'analyser et prĂ©dire ce risque, une Ă©tude PK-PD a Ă©tĂ© conduite sur 75 patients traitĂ©s par CHIP Ă  l'oxaliplatine avec une corrĂ©lation PK entre l'absorption et la survenue de thrombopĂ©nie et d'hĂ©moperitoine. Ce travail est publiĂ© dans Cancer Chemotherapy and PharmacologyPeritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is usually caused by widespread cancer metastatic cells within the peritoneal cavity and occurred in 85% of ovarian cancer patients and 5-20% of colorectal carcinoma patients. Because of the poverty of symptoms, patients are diagnosed with an advanced stage. PC will be the leading death cause of these patients. Recently, the treatment was limited to standard palliative surgery and intravenous chemotherapy with very poor results in term of survival. The development of new surgical techniques combined with intraperitoneal chemotherapy associated or not with hyperthermia provided new hope of a potential cure for patients with PC. Indeed, complete cytoreductive surgery represents the most important prognostic factor for patients with PC whatever the primary cancer locations. Combined treatment using complete cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been developed leading to unprecedented survival. Hyperthermia induces a selective destruction of tumor cells in hypoxic and acidic parts of tumors, but leaves normal tissues intact. In addition heat is acting for synergy with the cytotoxic agent. A new technique to deliver intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy associated with hyperthermia, called HIPEC, was developed for patient with PC. It significantly increases survival in patients with colic cancer PC, peritoneal mesothelioma and pseudomyxoma peritonei. Several ongoing trails have been designed to establish the real role of HIPEC for different pathology. First, because of the major development and the widespread use of minimal invasive surgery, recruitment of patients has been profoundly changed with localized PC. We have demonstrated in an experimental study the feasibility and reliability of laparoscopic peritonectomy followed by oxaliplatin based intraperitoneal chemotherapy and its pharmacokinetics consequences regarding the peritoneal drug absorption, the increased tissue diffusion, and the role of intraperitoneal pressure. Several articles were published in Gynecologic Oncology and in Annals of Surgical Oncology and in an international book chapter (Humana Press) concerning pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of platinum salts. Then, to establish a new population pharmacokinetic model and to compare two procedures of drug's delivery during HIPEC, data from 24 patients treated with oxaliplatin based HIPEC were collected and analyzed. This work was published in Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. Finally, different clinical and pharmacodynamic studies were performed to evaluate the toxicity for patients who underwent complete cytoreductive surgery associated to Cisplatin or Oxaliplatin based HIPEC. Three different works were performed to evaluate the renal toxicity of cisplatin based HIPEC. An unpublished PK study regarding acute renal failure in a dose-deescalation study was presented at a Pharmaco-oncologists Meeting. The results were confirmed in a bicentric retrospective study highlighting some risk factors (Submitted to the European Journal of Surgical Oncology). Finally, a phase I study dose escalation of hyperthermic intraperitoneal cisplatin was conducted with the establishment of the recommended dose of cisplatin for HIPEC (Submitted to the Journal of Clinical Oncology). Because of renal toxicity related to cisplatin based HIPEC, a phase II prospective study was conducted to evaluate the morbidity of oxaliplatin based HIPEC. As a result of this high morbidity rate (hemoperitoneum), this trial was prematurely closed and published in the European Journal of Surgical Oncology. Finally, to evaluate the relationship between oxaliplatin exposure and observed toxicity, a population pharmacokinetics was conducted in 75 patients treated with CRS and oxaliplatin based HIPEC. A PK contribution, relative to the absorption phenomenon, on the severity of the thrombocytopenia and hemoperitoneum was shown. This work was published in Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacolog

    Dual Relief of T-lymphocyte Proliferation and Effector Function Underlies Response to PD-1 Blockade in Epithelial Malignancies

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    Although understanding of T-cell exhaustion is widely based on mouse models, its analysis in patients with cancer could provide clues indicating tumor sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Data suggest a role for costimulatory pathways, particularly CD28, in exhausted T-cell responsiveness to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Here, we used single-cell transcriptomic, phenotypic, and functional approaches to dissect the relation between CD8+ T-cell exhaustion, CD28 costimulation, and tumor specificity in head and neck, cervical, and ovarian cancers. We found that memory tumor–specific CD8+ T cells, but not bystander cells, sequentially express immune checkpoints once they infiltrate tumors, leading, in situ, to a functionally exhausted population. Exhausted T cells were nonetheless endowed with effector and tumor residency potential but exhibited loss of the costimulatory receptor CD28 in comparison with their circulating memory counterparts. Accordingly, PD-1 inhibition improved proliferation of circulating tumor–specific CD8+ T cells and reversed functional exhaustion of specific T cells at tumor sites. In agreement with their tumor specificity, high infiltration of tumors by exhausted cells was predictive of response to therapy and survival in ICB-treated patients with head and neck cancer. Our results showed that PD-1 blockade–mediated proliferation/reinvigoration of circulating memory T cells and local reversion of exhaustion occur concurrently to control tumors

    Etude comparative pharmacocinétique de deux procédures de chimiothérapie intrapéritonéale avec hyperthermie (CHIP) coelioassistée et à ventre ouvert (étude expérimentale)

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    La chimiothĂ©rapie intrapĂ©ritonĂ©ale avec hyperthermie (CHIP) est administrĂ©e pour le traitement des carcinoses pĂ©ritonĂ©ales d'origine ovarienne et colorectale. Les patientes atteintes de cancer de l'ovaire Ă  un stade avancĂ© ont un sombre pronostic vital rendant indispensable la recherche de traitement de consolidation. Les modalitĂ©s pratiques de la CHIP ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablies par les travaux de D. Elias de l'Institut Gustave Roussy avec l'utilisation de l'oxaliplatine. Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ©s une Ă©tude expĂ©rimentale sur modĂšle porcin afin de comparer la pharmacocinĂ©tique de l'oxaliplatine de deux procĂ©dures de CHIP, coelioassistĂ©e et Ă  ventre ouvert. Deux groupes homogĂšnes de 10 porcs ont reçu un traitement par CHIP Ă  base d'oxaliplatine, Ă  la dose 460mg/m , pendant une durĂ©e de 30 minutes et Ă  la tempĂ©rature optimale de 41 Ă  43C. Toutes les procĂ©dures ont pu ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©es avec la rĂ©solution de problĂšmes techniques mineurs chez 3 animaux dans le groupe coelioscopie. Cette Ă©tude dĂ©montre la faisabilitĂ© et la reproductibilitĂ© d'une technique de CHIP par laparoscopie. L'analyse pharmacocinĂ©tique montre qu'il s'agit d'une technique au moins Ă©quivalente Ă  celle par laparotomie. L'absorption de l'oxaliplatine est plus importante par coelioscopie avec une demi-vie d'Ă©limination plus rapide de façon significative. La technique peut ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©e comme fiable et reproductible au sein d'Ă©quipes entraĂźnĂ©es, avec la perspective d'une application clinique future, chez des patientes sĂ©lectionnĂ©es.TOULOUSE3-BU SantĂ©-Centrale (315552105) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Les complications des lymphadénectomies coelioscopiques pelviennes et lombo-aortiques en oncologie gynécologique

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    De dĂ©cembre 1988 Ă  mars 2004, 915 patientes ont fait l'objet d'une lymphadĂ©nectomie pelvienne et/ou aortique sous contrĂŽle coelioscopique. Les interventions ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es dans le cadre d'une (re)stadification pour 98 cancers dĂ©butants de l'ovaire, 237 cancers du col aux stades prĂ©coces et 216 cancers avancĂ©s du col. Elles ont Ă©tĂ© associĂ©es Ă  un traitement chirurgical radical ou conservateur (trachĂ©lectomie), par coelioscopie ou voie vaginale, dans 161 cas de cancer de l'endomĂštre et 203 cancers du col utĂ©rin. Un total de 1102 lymphadĂ©nectomies pelviennes ou aortiques a Ă©tĂ© pratiquĂ© : 714 pelviennes (694 transpĂ©ritonĂ©ales, 20 extra pĂ©ritonĂ©ales) et 388 aortiques (154 transpĂ©ritonĂ©ales, 234 extra pĂ©ritonĂ©ales. 17 laparotomies (1,85%) ont Ă©tĂ© nĂ©cessaires pour impossibilitĂ© technique ou complications. La technique peut ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©e comme sĂ»re, avec un taux de complications non supĂ©rieur Ă  celui de la laparotomie, et une mortalitĂ© jusqu'ici nulle.TOULOUSE3-BU SantĂ©-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU SantĂ©-AllĂ©es (315552109) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Reconstruction vaginale aprÚs exentération pelvienne par lambeaux musculo-cutanés du grand droit et du droit interne

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    MONTPELLIER-BU MĂ©decine (341722104) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU MĂ©decine UPM (341722108) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Metabolic activity determines survival depending on the level of lymph node involvement in cervical cancer

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    Abstract Background To assess the impact of PET/CT functional parameters on survival, locoregional, and distant failure according to the most distant level of lymph node [18F]FDG uptake in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Methods Retrospective study including 148 patients with LACC treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy after PET/CT and para-aortic lymph node (PALN) surgical staging. Two senior nuclear medicine physicians reviewed all PET/CT exams and retrieved tumor and lymph node metabolic parameters: SUVmax, MTV, TLG. Oncological outcomes according to metabolic parameters and level of lymph node spread on PET/CT were assessed. Results In patients without lymph node uptake on PET/CT, high MTV values of the cervical tumor were associated with DFS (HR = 5.14 95%CI = [2.15–12.31]), OS (HR = 6.10 95%CI = [1.89–19.70]), and time to distant (HR = 4.73 95%CI = [1.55–14.44]) and locoregional recurrence (HR = 5.18 95%CI = [1.72–15.60]). In patients with pelvic lymph node (PLN) uptake but without PALN uptake on [18F]FDG-PET/CT, high MTV values of the cervical tumor were associated with DFS (HR = 3.17 95%CI = [1.02–9.83]) and OS (HR = 3.46 95%CI = [0.96–12.50]), and the number of PLN fixations was associated with DFS (HR = 1.30 95%CI = [1.10–1.53]), OS (HR = 1.35 95%CI = [1.11–1.64]), and time to distant (HR = 1.35 95%CI = [1.08–1.67]) and locoregional recurrence (HR = 1.31 95%CI = [1.08–1.59]). There was no significant association between cervical tumor metabolic or lymph node metrics and survival outcome in patients with PALN uptake. Conclusions Cervical MTV is more accurate than SUVmax to predict survival outcome in patients with locoregional disease confined to the pelvis and should be implemented in routine clinical practice. Prognostic value of metabolic metrics disappears with PALN uptake, which is associated with distant failure in nearly half of patients. Graphical Abstrac

    Fertility sparing technique during pelvic exenteration for recurrent vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma

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    We present the first case and describe the surgical technique of anterior pelvic exenteration with uterine preservation in a 17-year-old patient with a recurrent vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma.Surgical technique included a skeletonization of uterine pedicles and ligation of superior vesical and vaginal arteries, adapting abdominal radical trachelectomy technique. Cervix was transected to avoid vaginal opening and tumor spillage. Uterus was reimplanted to a vaginal reconstruction, created with a DIEP, and a continent urinary diversion was performed. Pelvic filling was completed with an omental J-flap.Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged at day 17th. The last days of her stay were dedicated to self-catheterization education and learning the management of Miami pouch. Her menstrual cycle resumed two months after the surgery. Cervix exhibited a normal appearance during clinical examination eight weeks after surgery and postoperative MRI did not show signs of local recurrence. Unfortunately, distant metastatic relapse occurred three months after surgery and the patient died two months later.Fertility preservation at the time of anterior pelvic exenteration is technically feasible in selected young patients. Further cases are needed to assess the reproducibility of this surgical procedure, the reproductive function of the uterus and the rate of uterine recurrences. Keywords: Uterine conservation, Conservative surgery, Genital tract rhabdomyosarcom

    Surgical complexity impact on survival after complete cytoreductive surgery for Advanced ovarian cancer

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    INTRODUCTION: The direct relationship between surgical radicality to compensate biologic behavior and improvement of patient outcome at the time of primary or interval cytoreduction remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of disease extension and surgical complexity on survival after complete macroscopic resection for stage IIIC-IV ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records from seven referral centers in France were reviewed to identify all patients who had complete cytoreductive surgery for stage IIIC-IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian, or primary peritoneal cancer. All patients had at least six cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel combination therapy. RESULTS: From the 374 consecutive patients with complete cytoreduction who were included in this study, stage, grade, upper abdominal disease, surgical complexity, and carcinomatosis extent were significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS) at univariate analysis. Stage IV and the need for ultra-radical procedures were significantly associated with lower overall survival (OS). On multivariate analysis, radical surgery, including more than two visceral resections, was significantly associated with decreased DFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who need complex surgical procedures involving two or more visceral resections in order to achieve successful complete cytoreduction have worse outcome than patients with less extensive procedures. The negative impact of surgical complexity was not significant in patients who underwent upfront procedures. Tumor volume and extension were associated with decreased DFS in patients undergoing a primary surgical approach. This adds to the evidence that, even though complete cytoreduction is currently the objective of surgery, tumor load remains an independent poor prognostic factor and probably reflects a more aggressive behavior
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