Interdisciplinariedad: la necesidad de unificar un concepto

El propósito de este artículo es presentar una revisión sistemática sobre el concepto «interdisciplinariedad» y algunos términos afines. Para alcanzar el objetivo de este estudio se utilizó el método de la revisión integradora que examina, critica y sintetiza literatura representativa sobre un tema de forma articulada, de tal manera que permita identificar y comparar los principales hallazgos publicados y se generen nuevas perspectivas sobre este. En este artículo se ha trabajado una extensa diversidad teórica y literaria en torno al término «interdisciplinariedad» y cómo los autores e investigadores, en un intento de implementar su denominación, han proporcionado diversas definiciones, algunas semejantes, otras diferentes y, muchas de ellas, reiteradas. A partir de los elementos comunes encontrados en dichas definiciones, se logró una aproximación a la construcción de un concepto referido, en lo general, a la interdisciplinariedad como un proceso de integración disciplinar para solucionar problemas complejos. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v13i3.47

Intervenir E Investigar En El Aula: Estrategia Didáctica Para Aprender Química

El propósito de este artículo es presentar resultados de la aplicación de una estrategia didáctica para aprender química en la educación superior sustentada en el Modelo para el Desarrollo y Evaluación de Competencias Académicas. El estudio se realizó con estudiantes de segundo semestre de la asignatura “Procesos químicos de la vida humana” de la Licenciatura en Nutrición. Se construyeron y aplicaron, en una intervención áulica, secuencias didácticas cuya estructura incluye dos dispositivos: uno de formación y otro de evaluación auténtica; el dispositivo de formación emplea situaciones problema reales de la profesión, cuya resolución comporta la movilización de saberes y el desarrollo de competencias. El proceso de intervención áulica incluyó momentos de práctica reflexiva y de acompañamiento docente. El enfoque de la investigación-formación-acción realizado incorpora el análisis cualitativo de datos recogidos mediante videograbación, cuaderno de notas y observación reflexiva de la intervención. Se concluye que la estrategia didáctica produce cambios graduales al transitarse de un estilo de docencia tradicionalista a una práctica educativa innovadora transformada y transformadora.   The purpose of this article is to present results of the application of a didactic strategy to learn chemistry in higher education based on the Model for the Development and Evaluation of Academic Competences. The study was carried out with second semester students of the subject “Chemical processes of human life” of the Bachelor of Nutrition. Didactic sequences were built and applied in a classroom intervention, the structure of which includes two devices: one for training and the other for authentic evaluation; The training device uses real problem situations in the profession, the resolution of which involves the mobilization of knowledge and the development of skills. The classroom intervention process included moments of reflective practice and teacher accompaniment. The research-trainingaction approach carried out incorporates the qualitative analysis of data collected through video recording, notebooks and reflective observation of the intervention. It is concluded that the didactic strategy produces gradual changes when moving from a traditionalist teaching style to a transformed and transformative innovative educational practice

Intake of dehydrated nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) improves bone mineral density and calciuria in adult Mexican women

Background: The intake of dehydrated nopal (DN) at a high stage of maturity along with high calcium content could improve bone mineral density (BMD) and calciuria and thus prevent osteoporosis. Objective: To evaluate the effect of calcium intake from a vegetable source (DN) on BMD and calciuria covering a 2-year period in menopausal and non-menopausal women with low bone mass (LBM). Methods: The study was quasi-experimental, blinded, and randomized, and included 131 Mexican women aged 35–55. Urinary calcium/creatinine index (CCI) was determined; BMD was analyzed on lumbar spine and total hip regions. Four groups were studied: Control group (CG), women with normocalciuria and a minimum dose of DN; experimental group 1 (EG1), women with hypercalciuria and a minimum dose of DN; experimental group 2 (EG2), women with hypercalciuria, and a maximum dose of DN; and normal group (NG) for reference in BMD. Results: After the first semester of treatment, calciuria levels in women from both experimental groups returned to normal, remaining constant for the rest of the treatment. The percentage difference in BMD increased in the total hip region in the CG (pre 4.5% and post 2.1%) and EG2 (pre 1.8% and post 2.5%) groups significantly in comparison to NG and EG1, which exhibited a significant decrease in their BMD. BMD increased only for the lumbar region in the EG2 group (premenopausal). Conclusion: The use of a vegetable calcium source such as nopal improves BMD in women with LBM in the total hip and lumbar spine regions principally in the premenopausal women, maintaining constant and normal calciuria levels

Reproductive development, GnRHa-induced spawning and egg quality of wild meagre (Argyrosomus regius) acclimatised to captivity

The objective of the study was to acclimatise wild-caught meagre (Argyrosomus regius) to captivity to produce viable eggs for aquaculture production. Twelve meagre (3 males and 9 females, mean weight = 20 ± 7 kg) were caught and transported to a land-based facility on 26 October 2006. During, March to June 2007, all three males were spermiating and five of the nine females were in vitellogenesis with mean maximum oocyte diameter ≥550 μm. No spontaneous spawning was observed. Two hormone treatments, either a single injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa, 20 μg kg−1 for females and 10 μg kg−1 for males) or a slow-release implant loaded with the same GnRHa (50 μg kg−1 for females and 25 μg kg−1 for males), were used to induce spawning on three different dates on 26 March 2007, 4 May 2007 and 18 April 2008. From each spawning event, the following parameters were determined: fecundity, number of floating eggs, egg size, fertilisation and hatching success, unfed larval survival, and proximal composition and fatty acid profile of the eggs. In 2007, two females that were injected on 26 March and 4 May spawned a total of 5 times producing 9,019,300 floating eggs and a relative fecundity of 198,200 eggs kg−1 and two different females that were implanted on the same dates spawned 14 times producing 12,430,000 floating eggs and a relative fecundity of 276,200 eggs kg−1. In 2008, a pair that was implanted spawned five times producing a total of 10,211,900 floating eggs and a relative fecundity of 527,380 eggs kg−1. The latency period was 48–72 h. Parameters were compared between hormone treatments, date of hormone induction and parents determined by microsatellites. Percentage hatch and egg size were 70 ± 0.3% and 0.99 ± 0.02 mm, respectively, for GnRHa-implanted fish and were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to 30 ± 0.3% and 0.95 ± 0.03 mm, respectively, for injected fish. Few differences were observed in proximal composition and fatty acid profile and for all spawns mean (% dry weight) lipid content was 17.3 ± 3.0%, carbohydrate was 4.4 ± 1.9% and protein was 31.5 ± 6.4% and the essential fatty acids: Arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) ranged between 0.9 and 1% (of total fatty acids), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 20:5n-3) 7.7–10.4% and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6n-3), 28.6–35.4%. All good quality spawns were obtained in the second and/or third spawn after GnRHa treatment, whereas all bad quality spawns were obtained either on the first spawn or after the fifth spawn. Both spawning protocols gave commercially viable (1,000,000+) numbers of good quality eggs that could form the basis of a hatchery production

Diversity enhances carbon storage in tropical forests

Aim: Tropical forests store 25% of global carbon and harbour 96% of the world's tree species, but it is not clear whether this high biodiversity matters for carbon storage. Few studies have teased apart the relative importance of forest attributes and environmental drivers for ecosystem functioning, and no such study exists for the tropics. Location: Neotropics. Methods: We relate aboveground biomass (AGB) to forest attributes (diversity and structure) and environmental drivers (annual rainfall and soil fertility) using data from 144,000 trees, 2050 forest plots and 59 forest sites. The sites span the complete latitudinal and climatic gradients in the lowland Neotropics, with rainfall ranging from 750 to 4350mmyear-1. Relationships were analysed within forest sites at scales of 0.1 and 1 ha and across forest sites along large-scale environmental gradients. We used a structural equation model to test the hypothesis that species richness, forest structural attributes and environmental drivers have independent, positive effects on AGB. Results: Across sites, AGB was most strongly driven by rainfall, followed by average tree stem diameter and rarefied species richness, which all had positive effects on AGB. Our indicator of soil fertility (cation exchange capacity) had a negligible effect on AGB, perhaps because we used a global soil database. Taxonomic forest attributes (i.e. species richness, rarefied richness and Shannon diversity) had the strongest relationships with AGB at small spatial scales, where an additional species can still make a difference in terms of niche complementarity, while structural forest attributes (i.e. tree density and tree size) had strong relationships with AGB at all spatial scales. Main conclusions: Biodiversity has an independent, positive effect on AGB and ecosystem functioning, not only in relatively simple temperate systems but also in structurally complex hyperdiverse tropical forests. Biodiversity conservation should therefore be a key component of the UN Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation strategy. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd