Diseño e implementación de una aplicación sobre Aras PLM como apoyo a la redacción de proyectos de ingeniería

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es el diseño y desarrollo de una aplicación de gestión documental que permita recopilar, almacenar y organizar toda la información generada durante las diferentes fases de un proyecto de ingeniería empleando para ello, el software Aras PLM. De esta forma, este trabajo sólo se centra en el desarrollo de una aplicación que sirva como soporte y apoyo a la redacción de la documentación de un proyecto de ingeniería de acuerdo a la normativa vigente, para su posterior entrega, encontrándose fuera del alcance de este trabajo, la forma en la que dichos documentos se han realizado. Así, para poder definir una estructura óptima y organizada de la documentación de un proyecto, es necesario tener en cuenta el flujo de trabajo en el que se basa y como consecuencia, determinar las diferentes fases del ciclo de vida por las que se atraviesa.The main aim of this project is the design and development of a document management application for engineering projects in Aras PLM that enable the collection and organization of all the documentation generated during its completion In this way, this project only focuses on the development of an application that serves as a support and helps in the drafting of the necessary documentation for an engineering project, in accordance with current regulations. Thus, being outside the scope of this project, the way in which documentation is carried out. Therefore, to define a standardized structure of the documentation, it is necessary to consider the workflow that is followed when preparing an engineering project and consequently, determine the different phases of the life cycle of the project documentation.Universidad de Sevilla. Máster en Ingeniería Aeronáutic

Modelado energético de vehículo eléctrico híbrido

En este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo el modelado en Simulink de los cuatro motores eléctricos que forman parte del vehículo eléctrico híbrido ‘FOX’ que pertenece al departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática. Una vez realizado y desarrollado el modelado de los motores eléctricos en este trabajo, se han implementado en el vehículo con el resto de componentes del mismo, como son la batería, la pila de combustible y el tanque de hidrógeno, que fueron diseñados previamente por anteriores alumnos. Consiguiendo así, realizar el modelado energético deseado. Por último, se han realizado una serie de prácticas con el coche ‘FOX’ en el laboratorio para poder llevar a cabo un estudio de control de la potencia necesaria, dependiendo del perfil de conducción que tenga que realizar y teniendo en cuenta las dos fuentes de energía existente (la batería y la pila de combustible, siendo el hidrógeno el combustible usado)In this work, it has got modeled in Simulink the four electric engines which are part of an electric vehicle whose name is ‘FOX’ and it belongs to the department of Systems Engineering and Automation. Once the modeling of the engines has been carried out and developed in this work, they have been implemented in the vehicle with the rest of the components such as battery, fuel cell and hydrogen tank, which were previously designed by previous students. Thus, perform the desire energy modeling. Finally, series of practices have been carried out with the ‘FOX’ car at the laboratory to be able to make a control study of the necessary power depending on the driving cycle of the car and taking into account the two existing sources of energy (the battery and the fuel cell with hydrogen being the fuel used).Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería Aeroespacia

The introduction of sexually active bucks at different moments of the oestrous cycle does not modify the NEFAs or the IGF-1 concentrations

Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) concentrations are modified after the induction of a "male effect". The present study examined the effect of the introduction of males into a group of females that were previously isolated from males, during different phases of the sexual cycle, to determine the changes to the NEFAs and IGF-1 concentrations. Sixty-four does were divided into six groups. The males were introduced with the females at different points after sponge removal. Introduction was carried out 48 h (n=10, Group 48H), 72 h (n=12, Group 72H), 4 days (n=10, Group 4 D), 13 days (n=10, Group 13 D) or 18 days after sponge removal (n=10, Group 18 D), and a control group was implemented that had no contact with males (n=12, Control Group). Plasma samples were taken every day to determine daily progesterone (P4) and NEFAs concentrations, and every second day for IGF-1 determination. No effects from the experimental groups were observed on the mean NEFAs or IGF-1 concentrations (p>.05). No differences between the time before male introduction and after male introduction were observed on the NEFAs concentrations (p>.05) or IGF-1 concentrations (p>.05). On the whole, only differences were observed in the NEFAs concentrations between the follicular and the luteal phases (9.48 ± 0.38 vs 8.15 ± 0.15mg/dL for follicular and luteal phases, respectively, p<.01). The results of the present experiment demonstrated that the introduction of sexually active males at different moments of the oestrous cycle does not modify the NEFAs or the IGF-1 concentrations.This study was funded by Grant [AGL2016-75848-R] from MINECO-AEI-FEDER (Spain)

Using dried orange pulp in the diet of dairy goats: effects on milk yield and composition and blood parameters of dams and growth performance and carcass quality of kids

Although dried orange pulp (DOP) may conveniently replace cereals in ruminant diets, few studies have considered similar diet substitution for goats. We hypothesised that DOP could replace cereal-based concentrate in goat diets without detrimental effects on growth performance and carcass quality of suckling kids and milk performance and blood biochemical parameters of dams in early lactation. We also hypothesised that DOP substitution may increase the levels of antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds and vitamin E, in milk and improve its total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Therefore, 44 primiparous Payoya dairy goats were allocated to three experimental groups, each fed a different diet: control (CD, n = 14) based on a commercial concentrate with alfalfa hay as forage; and DOP40 (n = 16) in which 40% and DOP80 (n = 14) in which 80% of the cereal in the concentrate were replaced by DOP. The experiment lasted from the final month of pregnancy to 55 days postpartum. The DOP diets did not affect suckling kids’ carcass quality, but at 28 days, led to improvement in live weight (LW) and average daily gain (ADG) from birth, although no differences were found between DOP40 and DOP80 (for CD, DOP40 and DOP80, LW at 28 days was 8.00, 8.58 and 8.34 kg and ADG was 184, 199 and 195 g/day, respectively). Diet had no significant effect on milk yield (average daily milk yield and total yield at 55 days were 1.66 l/day and 90.6 l, respectively) and commercial and fatty acid composition. Nevertheless, α-tocopherol, total phenolic compound (TPC) and TAC concentration in milk increased with substitution of cereals by DOP (for CD, DOP40 and DOP80, concentration of α-tocopherol was 21.7, 32.8 and 42.3 μg/100 g, TPCs was 63.5, 84.1 and 102 mg gallic acid equivalents/l, and TAC was 6.63, 11.1 and 12.8 μmol Trolox equivalents/ml, respectively). Every plasma biochemistry parameter considered was within reference values for healthy goats; therefore, no pathological effect was detected for these variables due to dietary treatment. However, DOP diets caused a reduction in plasmatic creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase, implying reduced oxidative damage to muscles. In conclusion, DOP may be an interesting alternative to cereals in early lactation goat diets for increasing farmers’ income and the healthy antioxidant capacity of milk

Feeding Dairy Goats Dehydrated Orange Pulp Improves Cheese Antioxidant Content

Agroindustrial by-products constitute an alternative source of feed livestock, and their use contributes to the sustainability of livestock systems and the circular bioeconomy. The effects of replacing cereal (0%, 40%, and 80%) with dehydrated orange pulp (DOP) in the diet of goats on the antioxidant and fatty acid (FA) contents of cheeses were evaluated. For a more suitable understanding of the role of coagulant enzymes in establishing the properties of the cheese, the effect of milk-clotting with animal and vegetable rennet was also analysed. The rennet did not substantially affect the FA or the antioxidant compounds, and the use of DOP did not affect the FA contents. However, the -tocopherol levels, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in cheeses increased as the percentage of DOP replacing cereals increased. Moreover, the high correlation obtained between the TAC and the TPC (r = 0.73) and -tocopherol (r = 0.62) contents indicated the important role played by these compounds in improving the antioxidant capacity of the cheese. In conclusion, DOP is a suitable alternative to cereals in the diet of goats and improves the antioxidant status of the cheese produced.Excma. Diputación Provincial de Huelva (Spain)Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestale

Supplementing the Diet of Dairy Goats with Dried Orange Pulp throughout Lactation: II Effect on Milk Fatty Acids Profile, Phenolic Compounds, Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Antioxidant Capacity

Although dried orange pulp (DOP) as a short-term dietary supplementation has been proven an effective substitute for cereals in goat diets–without impairing milk quality–there have been no studies considering its use over the full lactation period. This study evaluated replacing cereal with DOP in goat diets for the full 180-day lactation period on milk’s fatty acid (FA) and antioxidant composition. Payoya goats were assigned to three diet groups: a control group consuming a commercial concentrate with alfalfa hay as forage; a DOP40 or DOP80 group, wherein 40% or 80% of the cereal in the concentrate was replaced by DOP. The -tocopherol and phenolic compounds levels and the antioxidant capacity in the milk increased as the DOP percentage increased. Including DOP might improve the FA indices of milk in the context of human health, especially when included at the end of lactation because it contributes to reducing the thrombogenicity index and increasing both the monounsaturated/saturated FA and polyunsaturated/saturated FA indices and the amounts of indispensables -C18:3 n-3 and C18:2 n-6 cis. Ultimately, DOP presents a plausible alternative to cereals in the diet of goats throughout lactation to improve the nutritional milk quality, especially the healthy antioxidant capacity.Excma. Diputación Provincial de Huelva, Spain and the University of Huelva entitled “Aprovechamiento de Subproductos de las Empresas Agroalimentarias para Alimentación del Ganado”

The use of photoperiod-treated bucks to induce a “male effect” does not compensate for the negative effects of nutritional restriction of the females in Mediterranean goats

This work examined the effect of acute nutritional restriction or supplementation one week before male introduction on the reproductive performances of the “male effect” when using photostimulated or control males in goats. On 22 March, 84 anoestrous does were placed with photostimulated bucks or with bucks which had received no treatments. One week before male introduction, the females were provided with different nutritional regimes: Supplemented, restricted or control females. The non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and Insulin Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations were measured in the same samples. Fecundity, fertility, prolificacy and productivity were also determined. No interaction between both sources of variation was observed in any of the reproductive variables studied. Treatment of the bucks increased the percentage of females expressing behavioural oestrous associated with ovulation (71% vs 90% for Natural and Photo groups, respectively, P < 0.05). The Supplemented females showed higher ovulation rate than Restricted females (1.77 ± 0.13 vs 1.05 ± 0.05, P < 0.001), fecundity (71% vs 43%, P < 0.05); fertility (76% vs 29%, P < 0.05) and productivity (1.00 ± 0.15 vs 0.29 ± 0.11 kids per female, P < 0.01). In the Supplemented females, the higher reproductive results could be due to the lower NEFAs and higher IGF-1 concentrations at ovulation and at the time of oestrus compared to the Restricted females. Thus, the present experiment results demonstrate that nutrition is an important factor in the response to the “male effect” at Mediterranean latitudes, and its negative effect cannot be counterbalanced by using photostimulated bucks.This study was funded by Grant AGL2016-75848-R from MINECO- AEI-FEDER (Spain).The authors wish to thank the farm staff of Huelva University for their technical support. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva/CBUA

Carcase and meat quality of Blanca Andaluza kids fed exclusively with milk from their dams under organic and conventional grazing-based management systems

The number of organic farms is growing, but switching from conventional to organic production requires farms continue to produce high quality products. This study compares the carcase and meat quality of Blanca Andaluza goat suckling kids raised under organic and conventional grazing-based stock raising production systems. Twenty-four twin kids (12 males, 12 females) were selected from representative farms of each system. Body weight, dressing percentage, carcase linear measurements, non-carcase components, primary carcase and minor cuts, tissue composition, chemical composition and rheological variables, pH and colorimetric variables, were examined. No significant differences were seen between the production systems or sex with respect to most of the variables studied. However, some non-carcase components and colorimetric variables were affected, with the organic kids’ meat returning lower values for lightness, yellow index, chroma and Hue angle. Indeed, some of the meat colour variables examined easily discriminated between the animals raised under the different production systems. These results show that conventional grazing–based farms raising these goats could easily turn to organic production without carcase or meat quality being affected

Fatty acid composition of muscle and internal fat depots of organic and conventional Payoya goat kids

Interest in the preservation of autochthonous breeds such as the Payoya goat (dairy breed), raised using extensive or semi-extensive grazing, has also recently increased among Spanish farmers. A study of the possibilities of transformation to organic production needs to analyze the quality of their products, specially the suckled kids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid (FA) composition of Payoya goat kids under organic and conventional grazing�based management system. Forty-eight goat kids were selected (12 males and 12 females from each management system). The FA profile was determined in the Longissimus thoracis muscle, kidney and pelvic fat. Few gender differences were observed in the muscle and in the fat depots. The ratios of C14:0, C18:1 trans-11-(VA), and several n-3 FA were higher in organic kid meat than in conventionally reared kid meat. Conventional kid fat depots have presented higher percentage of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), lower CLA desaturase index, lower percentage of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acid (PUFA) and, consequently, higher n6:n3 PUFA ratio than organic kids. In conclusion, significant differences were found only in some FA percentages of muscle and adipose tissues of suckling kids raised in organic and conventional livestock production systems, probably due because the dams, in both experimental farms, were raised with similar semi-extensive system based on the grazing of natural pastures. Due to this reason, conventional grazing�based management farms could easily be transformed into organic production facilities

Reduction of water turbidity using natural Coagulants: a review

Coagulation is the most important process in conventional water treatment. The application includes the removal of species in suspense by means of addition of chemical coagu-lants, which involves correlated disadvantages associated tohigh acquisition costs, production of large mud volumes and the fact, that they affect, significantly, the pH of the proces-sed water. Therefore, the search of alternatives that include the utilization of coagulants of vegetal origin, between others, becomes necessary. The purpose of the present research was a literature review related to the use of natural coagu-lants of vegetal origin, employed in the removal of turbidity in water treatment processes and to provide important aspects on classification, efficiency and mechanisms of coagulation of each of the studied materials. As results it was found that all reported extracts of vegetal origin are efficient in the remo-val of the water cloud, they produce smaller quantity of mud, and that the main mechanism of coagulation is adsorption and neutralization of loads.La coagulación es el proceso más importante en el trata-miento convencional del agua. Su aplicación incluye la re-moción de especies en suspensión, mediante la adición de coagulantes químicos, cuyo uso trae desventajas asociadas a altos costos de adquisición, producción de grandes volú-menes de lodo y el hecho de que afectan el pH del agua tratada. Por lo expuesto anteriormente, se hace necesario la búsqueda de alternativas que incluyan la utilización de coagulantes de origen vegetal, entre otras. Este trabajo tuvo como propósito realizar una revisión bibliográfica acerca del uso de los coagulantes naturales de origen vegetal, utilizados en la remoción de turbidez en procesos de tratamiento de aguas y dar a conocer otros aspectos importantes, como su clasificación, su eficiencia y sus mecanismos de coagu-lación, empleados por cada uno de los materiales natura-les estudiados. Como resultado, se encontró que todos los extractos de origen vegetal reportados son eficientes en la remoción de la turbidez del agua, producen menor cantidad de lodos y su principal mecanismo de coagulación utilizado es la adsorción y la neutralización de cargas.Incluye referencias bibliográfica