Estilos de aprendizaje, estrategias de aprendizaje y hábitos de estudio de estudiantes universitarios estudio descriptivo a realizarse con estudiantes inscritos en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Francisco Gavidia en las Carreras de Licenciatura en Psicología y Licenciatura en Ciencias de la Educación a nivel del segundo año en el ciclo II-2012

El interés por conocer los estilos de aprendizaje, estrategias de aprendizaje y hábitos de estudio de los estudiantes viene desde hace mucho tiempo; no obstante en la actualidad esta cuestión adquiere una mayor relevancia, en gran medida por los avances de la educación, así como las altas tasas de fracaso escolar. De hecho, diversas investigaciones se orientan a conocer con profundidad los procesos de aprendizaje y a valorar en qué grado influyen los estilos de aprendizaje, las estrategias de aprendizaje y los hábitos de estudio en el rendimiento escolar. Se tiene la creencia que el estudiante cuando ingresa a la Universidad ya posee estos procesos de aprendizaje lo suficientemente aceptables; sin embargo, la experiencia muestra que un número significativo de estudiantes de enseñanza superior obtienen deficientes resultados, porque no todos hacen frente con éxito a los nuevos desafíos que la Universidad plantea: aumento de exigencia, necesidad creciente de organización de trabajo académico, mayor dedicación al estudio, autonomía, etc

LOS CUERPOS ACADÉMICOS COMO GENERADORES DE CONOCIMIENTO EN LAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS

En su evolución y transición las Universidades Públicas han asumido la función investigativa para la generación de conocimiento, en su contribución en el desarrollo social y económico. En esta evolución emergen los Cuerpos Académicos como una nueva forma de organización de los sujetos que hacen posible la producción, transferencia y aplicación de los resultados de investigación. En este nuevo escenario quienes forman parte de los Cuerpos Académicos transitan del trabajo aislado al trabajo colegiado atendiendo Líneas de Generación y Aplicación del Conocimiento sobre objetos comunes entre sus integrantes por una parte, y de objetos de conocimientos transversales a través de redes de intercambio y colaboración. La presente comunicación tiene por objeto demostrar y contextualizar cuál es el papel de los Cuerpos Académicos dentro de las Universidades Públicas, cómo estos han cambiado las formas de investigar, transferir y aplicar el conocimiento, así como cuáles son sus responsabilidades y retos ante el desarrollo social y económico

Design and Synthesis of CNS-targeted Flavones and Analogues with Neuroprotective Potential Against H2O2- and Aβ1-42-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells

With the lack of available drugs able to prevent the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the discovery of new neuroprotective treatments able to rescue neurons from cell injury is presently a matter of extreme importance and urgency. Here, we were inspired by the widely reported potential of natural flavonoids to build a library of novel flavones, chromen-4-ones and their C-glucosyl derivatives, and to explore their ability as neuroprotective agents with suitable pharmacokinetic profiles. All compounds were firstly evaluated in a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) to assess their effective permeability across biological membranes, namely the blood-brain barrier (BBB). With this test, we aimed not only at assessing if our candidates would be well-distributed, but also at rationalizing the influence of the sugar moiety on the physicochemical properties. To complement our analysis, logD7.4 was determined. From all screened compounds, the p-morpholinyl flavones stood out for their ability to fully rescue SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells against both H2O2- and Aβ1-42-induced cell death. Cholinesterase inhibition was also evaluated, and modest inhibitory activities were found. This work highlights the potential of C-glucosylflavones as neuroprotective agents, and presents the p-morpholinyl C-glucosylflavone 37, which did not show any cytotoxicity towards HepG2 and Caco-2 cells at 100 μM, as a new lead structure for further development against AD.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia-UID/Multi/0612/2019Unión Europea-D3i4AD), FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IAPP, GA 61234

Health professionals perception and beliefs about drug- related problems on polymedicated older adults- a focus group study

Background: Polymedicated older patients are at greater risk of suffering from adverse events. For this reason, the detection of both inappropriate polypharmacy and polypharmacy-associated Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) are essential to improve the health and wellbeing of older adults and to reduce healthcare costs. This work aims to explore health professionals’ perceptions and opinions about polypharmacy and the handling of medicines by polymedicated older adults. Methods: Thirteen focus groups with 94 health professionals (20 community pharmacists, 40 general practitioners and, 34 nurses) were conducted in primary healthcare centers of the center region of Portugal. Participants were asked to discuss their perceptions and beliefs concerning DRPs in polymedicated older adults. The sessions were audiotaped. After the transcription and coding of focus group sessions, a thematic analysis was done. Results: The following four main themes emerged from the 13 focus group sessions: poor compliance and polypharmacy- A perpetuated vicious cycle, organization of the healthcare system, interaction and communication between the health professionals, and strategies to prevent inappropriate polypharmacy. Conclusions: The lack of both an efficient network of information and Interaction and communication between Health professionals makes the detection and/ or prevention of polypharmacy in older adults difficult. The implementation of new models to manage and/or prevent polypharmacy based on health professional perception and beliefs is essential to prevent DRPs and improve compliance among older adultsThis work was financially supported by the MedElderly project [SAICT-POL/23585/2016], funded by Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT/MCTES), Portugal 2020 and Centro 2020 grants; and, by the APIMedOlder project [PTDC/MED-FAR/31598/2017], funded by the operational programme of competitiveness and internationalization (POCI), in its FEDER/FNR component POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031598, and the Foundation for Science and Technology, in its state budget component (OE)S

Understanding primary care physician vaccination behaviour: a systematic review

Background: Vaccine hesitancy decreases adult vaccination coverage and has been recognized by WHO as a major health threat. Primary care physicians (PCP) play a key role in vaccination by giving vaccine counselling to their patients. The aim of this systematic review is to identify the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and barriers (KBAB) associated with own vaccination and patient recommendation in primary care physicians. Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were used to search and identify relevant studies based on their title and abstract. In the next step, the full text of each previously selected article was read for eligibility. Articles were selected by two independent reviewers and data extraction was performed using tables. The following information was extracted: methodological characteristics, demographic factors, professional characteristics, and intrinsic or extrinsic factors influencing vaccination or recommendation. Results: Our search yielded 41 eligible papers, data-sources, previous practices, belief in the effectiveness or safety of the vaccine, perceived risk, and trust in health authorities were all shown to be related to own vaccination and patient recommendation. Conclusion: Internet is the main source of information for PCP related to vaccine hesitancy. It is therefore essential to increase the presence and access to pro-vaccination content in this area. In addition, involving PCP in the establishment of vaccination recommendations could improve their credibility in the institutions. On the other hand, training in communication skills and establishing reminder systems could reflect higher vaccination coverage among their patientsS

Factors associated with underreporting of adverse drug reactions by health care professionals: a systematic review update

Introduction Underreporting is a major limitation of the voluntary reporting system of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). A 2009 systematic review showed the knowledge and attitudes of health professionals were strongly related with underreporting of ADRs. Objective Our aim was to update our previous systematic review to determine factors (sociodemographic, knowledge and attitudes) associated with the underreporting of ADRs by healthcare professionals. Methods We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for studies published between 2007 and 2021 that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) published in English, French, Portuguese or Spanish; (2) involving health professionals; and (3) the goal was to evaluate factors associated with underreporting of ADRs through spontaneous reporting. Results Overall, 65 papers were included. While health professional sociodemographic characteristics did not influence underreporting, knowledge and attitudes continue to show a significant effect: (1) ignorance (only serious ADRs need to be reported) in 86.2%; (2) lethargy (procrastination, lack of interest, and other excuses) in 84.6%; (3) complacency (the belief that only well tolerated drugs are allowed on the market) in 46.2%; (4) diffidence (fear of appearing ridiculous for reporting merely suspected ADRs) in 44.6%; and (5) insecurity (it is nearly impossible to determine whether or not a drug is responsible for a specific adverse reaction) in 33.8%, and the absence of feedback in 9.2%. In this review, the non-obligation to reporting and confidentiality emerge as new reasons for underreporting. Conclusions Attitudes regarding the reporting of adverse reactions continue to be the main determinants of underreporting. Even though these are potentially modifiable factors through educational interventions, minimal changes have been observed since 2009Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study has been funded in part by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the project PI19/01006, cofinanced by FEDER, European UnionS

Increased levels of extracellular ATP in glaucomatous retinas: Possible role of the vesicular nucleotide transporter during the development of the pathology

Purpose: To study retinal extracellular ATP levels and to assess the changes in the vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) expression in a murine model of glaucoma during the development of the disease. Methods: Retinas were obtained from glaucomatous DBA/2J mice at 3, 9, 15, and 22 months together with C57BL/6J mice used as age-matched controls. To study retinal nucleotide release, the retinas were dissected and prepared as flattened whole mounts and stimulated in Ringer buffer with or without 59 mM KCl. To investigate VNUT expression, sections of the mouse retinas were evaluated with immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis using newly developed antibodies against VNUT. All images were examined and photographed under confocal microscopy. Electroretinogram (ERG) recordings were performed on the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice to analyze the changes in the electrophysiological response; a decrease in the scotopic threshold response was observed in the 15-month-old DBA/2J mice. Results: In the 15-month-old control and glaucomatous mice, electrophysiological changes of 42% were observed. In addition, 50% increases in the intraocular pressure (IOP) were observed when the pathology was fully established. The responses in the retinal ATP net release as the pathology progressed varied from 0.32±0.04 pmol/retina (3 months) to 1.10±0.06 pmol/retina (15 months; threefold increase). Concomitantly, VNUT expression was significantly increased during glaucoma progression in the DBA/2J mice (58%) according to the immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. Conclusions: These results may indicate a possible correlation between retinal dysfunction and increased levels of extracellular ATP and nucleotide transporter. These data support an excitotoxicity role for ATP via P2X7R in glaucoma. This modified cellular environment could contribute to explaining the functional and biochemical alterations observed during the development of the pathology

Implementación de descripción de puestos y administración estratégica en una PYME: Caso de estudio corporativo empresarial pintormexs, S.A. de C.V.

La presente investigación se enfocó en determinar los beneficios que la empresa Corporativo Empresarial Pintormexs S.A. de C.V. obtendrí­a de la implementación de la descripción de puestos y de la estrategia establecida por medio del análisis FODA, para obtener una ventaja competitiva ante el mercado. Por lo antes mencionado, se realizó un informe explí­cito de las actitudes, aptitudes y responsabilidades que los colaboradores deben tener y cumplir en cada uno de los puestos