Advisability of implementing flexicurity in Poland

W artykule zaprezentowano krytyczną ocenę postulowanego przez Komisję Europejską wprowadzenia na poziomie krajów członkowskich rozwiązań charakterystycznych dla modelu flexicurity. Wskazano konieczne zmiany, których przyjęcie mogłoby zwiększyć efektywność polskiego rynku pracy przez zwiększenie dynamiki przepływów pomiędzy zasobami rynku pracy. Ogniskują się one wokół czterech elementów, tj.: zwiększenia wydatków na aktywne polityki rynku pracy (ALMP), reformy systemu zasiłków dla bezrobotnych, zwiększenia elastyczności zatrudnienia oraz promowania udziału w procesie kształcenia ustawicznego przez osoby będące w wieku produkcyjnym.The paper contains a critical analysis of the constituents of the so-called flexicurity model, recommended by the European Commission proposed to be adopted by the member states. Several practical solutions which could increase the efficiency of the Polish labour market are recommended. Introducing them may positively influence the dynamics of the flows between labour market stocks. They focus on the following four aspects: the improvement of the efficiency of ALMP expenditures, changes in the unemployment benefit system, labour code reforms, and the promotion of participation in lifelong [email protected] Ekonomii Stosowanej, Szkoła Główna Handlowa w WarszawieAndersen T. M., 2012, A Flexicurity Labour Market in the Great Recession: The Case of Denmark, „De Economist”, 160.Auer P., Chatani K., 2011, Flexicurity: Still going strong or a victim of crisis?, [in:] Research Handbook on the Future of Work and Employment Relations, K. Townsend, A. 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Wachowiak (red.), Oficyna Wydawnicza Szkoły Głównej Handlowej, Warszawa.Guzikowski M., Ambroży A., 2013, Wnioski płynące dla Polski z doświadczeń szwedzkich w prowadzeniu aktywnych polityk rynku pracy (ALMP), „Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów”, nr 134.Kucharski M., 2012, Koncepcja flexicurity a elastyczne formy zatrudnienia na polskim rynku pracy, Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa, Warszawa.Laporsek S., Dolenc P., 2011, The Analysis of Flexicurity in the EU Member States, „Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences”, no. 32 E.Madsen P. K., 2003, The Danish Model of Flexicurity. Experiences and Lessons To Learn, ETUI, Conference on Flexicurity, Brussels.Sengenberger W., 1990, Flexibility in the Labor Market – Internal versus External Adjustment in International Comparison, [in:] Labor Market Adjustments to Structural Change and Technological Progress, R. Schettkat, E. Appelbaum (eds.), New York.Standing V. G., 2000, Elastyczne zatrudnienie i regulacje. 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TL 9000 - zmodyfikowany standard ISO 9001 dla telekomunikacji. Telekomunikacja i Techniki Informacyjne, 2001, nr 3-4

Ogólnie zaprezentowano standard TL 9000, wyznaczający zakres, zasady i środki weryfikacyjne niezbędne do właściwego zarządzania jakością biznesu w branży telekomunikacyjnej. Standard ten, oparty na normie ISO 9001, opracowali (i pracują nad jego kolejnymi edycjami) przedstawiciele największych w świecie dostawców rozwiązań dla telekomunikacji oraz czołowych operatorów sieci telekomunikacyjnych

First Report of Smynthurodes betae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Phelipanche ramosa (Orobanchaceae)

The bean root aphid, Smynthurodes betae Westwood (Aphididae: Eriosomatinae: Fordini) is reported for the first time feeding on haustoria of branched broomrape, Phelipanche ramosa, (Orobanchaceae) a cropparasitic plant. Field surveys conducted in Poland revealed infestations of P. ramosa by nymphs and adult apterous females of a secondary-host generation of S. betae in 1 locality in Sandomierz County, near Szewce, Poland. Numerous nymphs of S. betae fed on broomrape sap, resulting in poor growth or dead shoots, and 10 to 20% of the total population of broomrape was infested. Potential use of this insect as a biological control method for invasive broomrapes requires further study

Analysis of the course of pregnancy and labor after genetic amniocenthesis in women after 35 years of age

Summary The purpose of the research: analysis of the course of pregnancy and labor in patients qualified for the prenatal diagnostic tests program in Opole Region. Material and methods: 2513 pregnant women participated in the program. There were 1763 (70.1%) patients above 35 years of age, out of whom 515 women (20.5%) were qualified for amniocentesis and 394 of them (15.6%) decided to undergo the test. Within the group of patients who underwent amniocentesis, 39 karyotypes (9.8%) were found. Analysis of the number of amniocenteses carried out and the number of detected fetal defects showed that initially the number of invasive tests was rising. However, since 2007, i.e. since the introduction of biochemical diagnostic tests based on Kryptor technology, a significant decrease of amniocenteses tests has been observed, while the rate of detected chromosome aberrations in fetuses has not changed. The course of pregnancy and labor in patients above 35 years of age, who gave birth to children in Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital in Opole, has also been analyzed. The investigated group comprised 106 patients who underwent amniocentesis, and 138 patients who did not consent to having the invasive test. Apart from a small difference in average birth weight, the analysis of infant condition and their biophysical parameters after the labor has not shown any significant differences. In both groups gestational diabetes was the most frequent disease, and statistically it was diagnosed more often in patients who had not undergone amniocentesis. No statistically significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of other pregnancy complications have been found. Conclusions: 1. Amniocentesis carried out due to genetic indications between 15th and 20th week of pregnancy may be considered to be a procedure which is safe both for a mother and a fetus. 2. Amniocentesis does not affect the course of pregnancy or the mode of delivery in any significant way. 3. Proper genetics counseling service based on biochemical research enables to decrease the number of amniocenteses tests, while the rate of detected chromosome defects in fetuses remains unchanged

Detection of IUPAC and IUPAC-like chemical names

Motivation: Chemical compounds like small signal molecules or other biological active chemical substances are an important entity class in life science publications and patents. Several representations and nomenclatures for chemicals like SMILES, InChI, IUPAC or trivial names exist. Only SMILES and InChI names allow a direct structure search, but in biomedical texts trivial names and Iupac like names are used more frequent. While trivial names can be found with a dictionary-based approach and in such a way mapped to their corresponding structures, it is not possible to enumerate all IUPAC names. In this work, we present a new machine learning approach based on conditional random fields (CRF) to find mentions of IUPAC and IUPAC-like names in scientific text as well as its evaluation and the conversion rate with available name-to-structure tools

4DVAR assimilation of GNSS zenith path delays and precipitable water into a numerical weather prediction model WRF

The GNSS data assimilation is currently widely discussed in the literature with respect to the various applications for meteorology and numerical weather models. Data assimilation combines atmospheric measurements with knowledge of atmospheric behavior as codified in computer models. With this approach, the “best” estimate of current conditions consistent with both information sources is produced. Some approaches also allow assimilating the non-prognostic variables, including remote sensing data from radar or GNSS (global navigation satellite system). These techniques are named variational data assimilation schemes and are based on a minimization of the cost function, which contains the differences between the model state (background) and the observations. The variational assimilation is the first choice for data assimilation in the weather forecast centers, however, current research is consequently looking into use of an iterative, filtering approach such as an extended Kalman filter (EKF). This paper shows the results of assimilation of the GNSS data into numerical weather prediction (NWP) model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting). The WRF model offers two different variational approaches: 3DVAR and 4DVAR, both available through the WRF data assimilation (WRFDA) package. The WRFDA assimilation procedure was modified to correct for bias and observation errors. We assimilated the zenith total delay (ZTD), precipitable water (PW), radiosonde (RS) and surface synoptic observations (SYNOP) using a 4DVAR assimilation scheme. Three experiments have been performed: (1) assimilation of PW and ZTD for May and June 2013, (2) assimilation of PW alone; PW, with RS and SYNOP; ZTD alone; and finally ZTD, with RS and SYNOP for 5–23 May 2013, and (3) assimilation of PW or ZTD during severe weather events in June 2013. Once the initial conditions were established, the forecast was run for 24&thinsp;h. The major conclusion of this study is that for all analyzed cases, there are two parameters significantly changed once GNSS data are assimilated in the WRF model using GPSPW operator and these are moisture fields and rain. The GNSS observations improves forecast in the first 24&thinsp;h, with the strongest impact starting from a 9&thinsp;h lead time. The relative humidity forecast in a vertical profile after assimilation of ZTD shows an over 20&thinsp;% decrease of mean error starting from 2.5&thinsp;km upward. Assimilation of PW alone does not bring such a spectacular improvement. However, combination of PW, SYNOP and radiosonde improves distribution of humidity in the vertical profile by maximum of 12&thinsp;%. In the three analyzed severe weather cases PW always improved the rain forecast and ZTD always reduced the humidity field bias. Binary rain analysis shows that GNSS parameters have significant impact on the rain forecast in the class above 1&thinsp;mm&thinsp;h−1.</p

Are Estimates of Wind Characteristics Based on Measurements with Pitot Tubes and GNSS Receivers Mounted on Consumer-grade Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Applicable in Meteorological Studies?

The objective of this paper is to empirically show that estimates of wind speed and wind direction based on measurements carried out using the Pitot tubes and GNSS receivers, mounted on consumer-grade unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), may accurately approximate true wind parameters. The motivation for the study is that a growing number of commercial and scientific UAV operations may soon become a new source of data on wind speed and wind direction, with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. The feasibility study was carried out within an isolated mountain meadow of Polana Izerska located in the Izera Mountains (SW Poland) during an experiment which aimed to compare wind characteristics measured by several instruments: three UAVs (swinglet CAM, eBee, Maja) equipped with the Pitot tubes and GNSS receivers, wind speed and direction meters mounted at 2.5 m and 10 m (mast), conventional weather station and vertical sodar. The three UAVs performed seven missions along spiral-like trajectories, most reaching 130 m above take-off location. The estimates of wind speed and wind direction were found to agree between UAVs. The time series of wind speed measured at 10 m were extrapolated to flight altitudes recorded at a given time so that a comparison was made feasible. It was found that the wind speed estimates provided by the UAVs on a basis of the Pitot tube/GNSS data are in agreement with measurements carried out using dedicated meteorological instruments. The discrepancies were recorded in the first and last phases of UAV flights

The impact of data assimilation into the meteorological WRF model on birch pollen modelling

We analyse the impact of ground-based data assimilation to theWeather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model on parameters relevant for birch pollen emission calculations. Then, we use two different emission databases (BASE – no data assimilation, OBSNUD – data assimilation for the meteorological model) in the chemical transport model and evaluate birch pollen concentrations. Finally, we apply a scaling factor for the emissions (BASE and OBSNUD), based on the ratio between simulated and observed seasonal pollen integral (SPIn) to analyse its impact on birch concentrations over Central Europe. Assimilation of observational data significantly reducesmodel overestimation of air temperature,which is themain parameter responsible for the start of pollen emission and amount of released pollen. The results also show that a relatively small bias in air temperature from the model can lead to significant differences in heating degree days (HDD) value. This may cause the HDD threshold to be attained several days earlier/later than indicated from observational data which has further impact on the start of pollen emission. Even though the bias for air temperature was reduced for OBSNUD, the model indicates a start for the birch pollen season that is too early compared to observations. The start date of the seasonwas improved at two of the 11 stations in Poland. Data assimilation does not have a significant impact on the season's end or SPIn value. The application of the SPIn factor for the emissions results in a much closer birch pollen concentration level to observations even though the factor does not improve the start or end of the pollen season. The post-processing of modelled meteorological fields, such as the application of bias correction, can be considered as a way to further improve the pollen emission modelling

Extension of WRF-Chem for birch pollen modelling – a case study for Poland.

In recent years, allergies due to airborne pollen have shown an increasing trend, along with the severity of allergic symptoms in most industrialised countries, while synergism with other common atmospheric pollutants has also been identified as affecting the overall quality of citizenly’ life. In this study we propose the state-of-the-art WRF-Chem model, which is a complex Eulerian meteorological model integrated on-line with atmospheric chemistry. We used a combination of the WRF-Chem extended towards birch pollen, and the emission module based on heating degree days, which has not been tested before. The simulations were run for the moderate season in terms of birch pollen concentrations (year 2015) and high season (year 2016) over Central Europe, which were validated against 11 observational stations located in Poland. The results show that there is a big difference in the model’s performance for the two modelled years. In general, the model overestimates birch pollen concentrations for the moderate season and highly underestimates birch pollen concentrations for the year 2016. The model was able to predict birch pollen concentrations for first allergy symptoms (above 20 pollen m-3) as well as for severe symptoms (above 90 pollen m-3) with Probability of Detection at 0.78 and 0.68 and Success Ratio at 0.75 and 0.57, respectively for the year 2015. However, the model failed to reproduce these parameters for the year 2016. The results indicate the potential role of correcting the total seasonal pollen emission in improving the model’s performance, especially for specific years in terms of pollen productivity. The application of chemical transport models such as WRF-Chem for pollen modelling provides a great opportunity for simultaneous simulations of chemical air pollution and allergic pollen with one goal, which is a step forward for studying and understanding the co-exposure of these particles in the air