Effect of Maturity Stages on Potential Nutritive Value, Methane Production and Condensed Tannin Content of Sanguisorba minor Hay

The current trial was conducted to study the effect of maturity on the potential nutritive value, methane production and condensed tannin of Sanguisorba minor hay. Sanguisorba minor hay harvested at three different maturity stages (pre-flowering, flowering and seeding stages). Sanguisorba minor hay was shade dried and analyzed for chemical composition. Gas and methane productions of Sanguisorba minor hay were determined at 24 h incubation time. Maturity had a significant effect (P &nbsp; The current trial was conducted to study the effect of maturity on the potential nutritive value, methane production and condensed tannin of Sanguisorba minor hay. Sanguisorba minor hay harvested at three different maturity stages (pre- flowering, flowering and seeding stages). Sanguisorba minor hay was shade dried and analyzed for chemical composition. Gas and methane productions of Sanguisorba minor hay were determined at 24 h incubation time. Maturity had a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on the chemical composition, gas production, methane production metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Sanguisorba minor hay increased with advancing maturity whereas crude protein (CP) and ash content decreased. The CP contents of Sanguisorba minor hay varied between 6.7 and 20.7%. The NDF and ADF contents of Sanguisorba minor hay ranged from 36.2 to 54.5 and 17.4 to 36.2 % respectively. The condensed tannin content of Sanguisorba minor hay varied with maturity between 0.4 and 1.6 % and decreased (P&lt;0.05) with increasing maturity. The gas and methane production at 24 h incubation ranged from 32.2 to 43.5 ml and 4.6 to 6.5 ml respectively and decreased (P&lt;0.05) after flowering. The ME and OMD of Sanguisorba minor ranged from 7.0 and 9.3 MJ/kg DM and 46.9 to 63.2% respectively and decreased (P&lt;0.05) with each increment of the maturity. In conclusion, maturity had a significant effect on the nutritive value of Sanguisorba minor hay. The nutritive value of Sanguisorba minor decreased with increased maturity. It can be suggested that Sanguisorba minor should be grazed or harvested at pre-flowering and flowering stage since these stage provides hay with high ME and CP for ruminant.</p

Comparison of the chemical composition and anti-methanogenic potential of Liquidambar orientalis leaves with Laurus nobilis and Eucalyptus globulus leaves using an in vitro gas production technique

The aim of the present study was to compare the leaves of Liquidambar orientalis with the leaves of Laurus nobilis and Eucalyptus globulus in terms of their chemical composition and anti-methanogenic potential using an in vitro gas production technique. Species had a significant effect on the chemical composition, gas production, methane production, metabolizable energy and organic matter digestibility of the tree leaves. The crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and condensed tannin (CT) contents of the tree leaves ranged from 9.11 to 12.8, 22.49 to 35.85, 32.76 to 49.31, and 1.55 to 9.29%, respectively. The gas production, methane production, metabolizable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) ranged from 21.72 to 31.54 mL, 2.62 to 4.41 mL, 6.62 to 9.24 MJ kg-1 dry matter (DM), and 41.23 to 54.84%, respectively. It is likely that the leaves of L. orientalis would be more effective for methane mitigation in ruminant animals than those of E. globules or L. nobilis. However, prior to widespread implementation, the effect of the leaves of L. orientalis on animal production should be tested in vivo.El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar las hojas de Liquidambar orientalis con las hojas de Laurus nobilis y Eucalyptus globulus en cuanto a su composición química y potencial anti-metanogénico utilizando una técnica de producción de gas in vitro. Las especies tuvieron un efecto significativo sobre la composición química, la producción de gas, la producción de metano, la energía metabolizable y la digestibilidad de la materia orgánica de las hojas de los árboles. El contenido de proteína en bruto (PB), fibra en detergente neutro (FDN), fibra en detergente ácido (FDA) y contenido en tanino condensado (TC) de las hojas de los árboles osciló entre 9,11 a 12,8; 22,49 a 35,85; 32,76 a 49,31 y 1,55 a 9,29%, respectivamente. La producción de gas, la producción de metano, la energía metabolizable (EM) y la digestibilidad de materia orgánica (DMO) oscilaron entre 21,72 a 31,54 mL; 2,62 a 4,41 mL; 6,62 a 9,24 MJ kg-1 de materia seca y 41,23 a 54,84% respectivamente. Es probable que las hojas de L. orientalis sean más efectivas para la mitigación del metano en animales rumiantes que las de E. globules o L. nobilis. Sin embargo, antes de la aplicación generalizada, el efecto de las hojas de L. orientalis en la producción animal debe ser probado in vivo

Comparison of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage and cervical disc prostheses used in anterior cervical microscopic discectomy operations

Objective: The aim of this study was to radiologically and clinically compare the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage and cervical disc prostheses used in anterior cervical microdiscectomy operations during the postoperative period. Methods: The study evaluated 25 cervical disc hernia patients. The cervical disc prosthesis group (Group A) comprised 10 patients while the PEEK cage group (Group B) comprised 15 patients. Before and after the operation, the cervical graphics from radiological monitoring and VAS, NDI and Odom scores from clinical monitoring were used. The patients&#146; preoperative and postoperative cervical graphics disc height, cervical axis and segmental angles were evaluated to determine statistical relationships with neurological situation and quality of life. Results: In the cervical disc prosthesis group (Group A) in the early postoperative period (3rd week), 3rd month and late period (18-36 months), the intervertebral disc height measurements were significantly higher than the cervical PEEK cage group (Group B) (early p0.05). Clinical evaluation of the patients found no statistical difference in the evaluation of VAS, NDI or Odom scores of the two groups before and after the operation. Conclusion: It was shown that in the cervical disc prosthesis group (Group A) in the early and later postoperative period, intervertebral disk heights were preserved by a statistically significant amount compared to the PEEK cage group (Group B). However, this scenario did not create any significant difference in the clinical evaluation results. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2017; 6(1.000): 1-8

Comparison of fatty acid contents of wild and cultured rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss in Turkey

The total lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined in the flesh and skin of wild and cultured rainbow trout in Turkey. The effect of diet content was also investigated on cultured trout. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for fatty acid analyses. Total lipid content of skin was higher than flesh in both types and when compared appreciably higher in cultured fish. The predominant fatty acid was palmitic acid (C16:0) in saturated fatty acids and oleic acid (C18:1n-9) in monounsaturated fatty acids. The amount of eicosapentaenoic acid was double in wild and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 1.5 times higher in cultured fish flesh. The n-3/n-6 ratio was higher in cultured fish than wild fish. The levels of palmitic, oleic, linoleic (C18:2n-6) and palmitoleic (C16:1n-7) acids were high in skin. The level of EPA was the same in skin of wild fish but 5.5 times higher in cultured fish, whereas the proportion of DHA in skin was lower for wild and 3.5 times higher in cultured fish. Wild fish had a high level of linoleic, arachidonic (C20:4n-6) and linolenic (C18:3n-3) acids. The total amount of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids was higher in flesh of wild fish than cultured fish, contrary to skin of cultured fish. The data obtained demonstrated that fatty acid composition of cultured fish did not depend on that of feed

Relationship between newborn craniotabes and vitamin D status

OBJECTIVE: In recent studies, vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and early infancy has been reported to predispose children to many chronic diseases, except those of the skeletal system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether craniotabes in otherwise healthy newborns is physiological, its relationship to vitamin D deficiency and whether or not it requires treatment. METHODS: A total of 150 healthy newborns with a weight of over 2000 g were included. Newborns were divided into two groups during postnatal discharge (1-3.'s day): those with and without craniotabes. The 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D levels of the newborns' mothers were measured, and all infants were re-evaluated for craniotabes, as well as tested to determine levels of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25(OH) vitamin D, urine calcium and creatinine. RESULTS: Craniotabes was present in 45 (30%) of newborns enrolled in the study. Craniotabes of the newborns born during the winter months was significantly higher. PTH level was significantly higher in 1-month-old newborns with craniotabes than those without craniotabes. No relationship was observed between diet and craniotabes, but in exclusively breastfed infants, vitamin D level was statistically significantly lower. No statistically significant difference was found in the occurrence of craniotabes in newborns with or without vitamin D support.CONCLUSION: The relationship between newborn craniotabes and maternal vitamin D deficiency is not clear. However, the present study illustrates that maternal vitamin D deficiency is still a major problem. Therefore, measures to prevent maternal vitamin D deficiency should be strengthened.OBJECTIVE: In recent studies, vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and early infancy has been reported to predispose children to many chronic diseases, except those of the skeletal system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether craniotabes in otherwise healthy newborns is physiological, its relationship to vitamin D deficiency and whether or not it requires treatment. METHODS: A total of 150 healthy newborns with a weight of over 2000 g were included. Newborns were divided into two groups during postnatal discharge (1-3.'s day): those with and without craniotabes. The 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D levels of the newborns' mothers were measured, and all infants were re-evaluated for craniotabes, as well as tested to determine levels of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25(OH) vitamin D, urine calcium and creatinine. RESULTS: Craniotabes was present in 45 (30%) of newborns enrolled in the study. Craniotabes of the newborns born during the winter months was significantly higher. PTH level was significantly higher in 1-month-old newborns with craniotabes than those without craniotabes. No relationship was observed between diet and craniotabes, but in exclusively breastfed infants, vitamin D level was statistically significantly lower. No statistically significant difference was found in the occurrence of craniotabes in newborns with or without vitamin D support.CONCLUSION: The relationship between newborn craniotabes and maternal vitamin D deficiency is not clear. However, the present study illustrates that maternal vitamin D deficiency is still a major problem. Therefore, measures to prevent maternal vitamin D deficiency should be strengthened

Ultrasonographically Determined Pedicled Breast Reduction in Severe Gigantomastia

Background: The free nipple breast reduction method has certain disadvantages, such as nipple hyposensitivity, loss of lactation, and loss of projection. To eliminate these risks, the authors describe a patient-based breast reduction technique in which the major supplier vessels of the nipple-areola complex were determined by color Doppler ultrasonography. Pedicles containing these vessels were designed for reductions