"Make war breed peace, make peace stint war"

Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Darstellung des Krieges im Werk von William Shakespeare. Im Mittelpunkt der Analyse steht insbesondere Shakespeares Darstellung ausländischer Kriege, für deren textanalytische Untersuchung die Dramen Heinrich VI., 1. Teil; Heinrich V. sowie Coriolanus herangezogen werden. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Erforschung der Reflexion zeitgenössischer Umstände innerhalb der kriegerischen Darstellungen sowie der Veränderung dieser Darstellungen im Verlauf von Shakespeares Schaffensperiode. Als Grundlage liefert der erste Teil der Arbeit einen geschichtlichen Abriss der elisabethanischen und jakobinischen Herrschaft sowie der zeitgenössisch geführten Kriege Englands. In einer theoretischen Übersicht werden die Theorie des „gerechten Krieges“ sowie die Kriegsführung im Mittelalter und der frühen Neuzeit erläutert. Der thematische Fokus richtet sich im zweiten Teil auf die Verarbeitung dieses historischen und theoretischen Hintergrunds in Shakespeares Werken. Dabei werden Parallelen zum zeitgenössischen Kriegsgeschehen unter Elisabeth I. sowie zu den Umständen, unter denen elisabethanische Soldaten zu kämpfen hatten genauso untersucht wie die Reflexion der just war-Theorie und anderer zeitgenössischer Überlegungen zu Krieg und Frieden. Auch die Verbindung zeitgenössischer Heerführer mit Shakespeares militärischen Charakteren wird aufgezeigt. Abschließend wird der Frage nach einer Entwicklung militärischer Darstellungen im Laufe von Shakespeares Schaffenszeit nachgegangen und die Aktualität von Shakespeares Verarbeitung des Phänomens „Krieg“ untersucht

Schriftwirkung und Sprachraum

Diese Arbeit untersucht empirisch den Einfluss der Buchstabenstruktur verschiedener Sprachen auf die Wahrnehmung von Druckschriften in Verbindung mit emotionaler Konnotation. Eine zusätzliche Dimension bildet die Untersuchung der Wirkung der Emotionscodierung in Bild versus Wort. Die Ergebnisse bilden die Grundlage für die Entwicklung eines umfassenden Modells der Wirkung von Druckschriften in der Wahrnehmung. Die Fragestellung: 1) Worin unterscheidet sich die emotionale Wahrnehmung von Druckschriften im deutschen, verglichen mit jener im britischen Sprachraum? 2) Gibt es Unterschiede in der Schriftwahrnehmung zwischen bildlicher versus verbale Codierung der Emotionen? Wie sind diese zu begründen? 3) Existiert ein Unterschied in der emotionalen Wahrnehmung aufgrund der Verschiedenheit der Buchstabenkombinationen in Deutsch bzw. Englisch? Wie wirkt sich ein sprachraumuntypischer Vergleichstext (Ungarisch) auf die Wechselwirkung zwischen Schriftform und Emotion aus? Das Versuchsdesign: Die Untersuchung ist als klassischer Zweigruppen-Versuchsplan angelegt, die Versuchsgruppe erhält die Items in ihrer Muttersprache (Deutsch / Englisch), die Kontrollgruppe in Ungarisch. Zudem wird jede Gruppe nochmals geteilt in Codierung der Emotionen durch Bilder bzw. Worte. Verwendet werden ausschließlich Zuordnungsverfahren mit mehrstufigen Ratingskalen. Die Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Form einer Schrift weit weniger als bisher angenommen für die emotionale Wirkung verantwortlich ist. Einen wesentlich stärkeren Einfluss auf die Schriftwirkung hat die Wahrnehmungsgeschichte einer Schrift, geprägt durch die sprachraumspezifische Verwendung. In einem praxisrelevanten Kapitel werden gemeinsam mit Schriftexperten diese Erkenntnisse für die Gestaltungspraxis mit Schrift in Abhängigkeit von der Sprachdarstellung diskutiert und für den Praktiker anschaulich dargestellt.Background: This empirical survey attempts to investigate the role of letter configuration in English respectively German language in the perception of the emotional connotation of typefaces. The results provide the basis for the development of a broad model that describes the connection between the perception of typeface and that of emotional connotation in human cognition. Question: 1) What are the discriminating factors concerning the emotional impact of typefaces between German and British readers, and what kind of influence do have traditions of type and perception in these two areas of language? 2) What kind of psychological processes lay behind the emotional feeling tone of type? Does the encoding of emotion by pictorial respectively verbal means result in different perception of the emotional connotation of type? 3) Do the different letter combinations of different languages influence the perceived feeling tone to a measurable extent? Research-Design: The design is based on a two-group-plan: to the test group all items have been exposed in their native language, to the control group all items have been displayed in Hungarian. Discussion: The results of this survey indicate clearly that the impact and the emotional connotation of a typeface depends much more on the history of its use in a language area than on its aesthetic features. This finding and other important results concerning the relation of letter combination, language and emotional typeface connotation in human perception are discussed on a practical level with experts in type and graphic design

Waste prevention and education in five european countries

Artigo desenvolvido no âmbito de uma Unidade Curricular que funcionou em rede entre várias Universidades Europeias. Este artigo foi desenvolvido num trabalho em rede desenvolvido entre estudantes de diversas universidade e que avaliaram a implementação da diretiva quadro de resíduos em diversos países da União Europeia e apresentarem um conjunto de recomendações para se uniformizar e melhorar a gestão de resíduos na Europa com a aplicação da hierarquia dos resíduos.This research assessed the different goals of the EU Waste Framework Directive (2008) concerning waste prevention in five countries of the EU. The countries under research are the home countries of the EVS group members: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Netherlands and Portugal. The research about the status quo of waste prevention revealed that waste preven-tion has not reached yet. All the countries have high recycling rates and low dumping rate, ex-cept Portugal. Although decoupling trends start to appear and the countries are climbing up the waste hierarchy, waste prevention is still a mountain too far. The EVS group also checked if education was included in the waste prevention programmes and education plays a very im-portant role. The group looked for good examples of waste prevention and analyzed them with SWOT. The examples are a success in the home countries and can be implemented in other EU or even worldwide countries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Decentralised Hybridised Energy Management Systems (DHEMS) in power grids

The integration of electric batteries along the power supply chain is crucial for the transformation of the energy sector towards a new flexible grid that allows the penetration of renewable power generation while ensuring stability and supply security. Batteries penetration in the grid can be boosted through an efficient management of heterogeneous generation sources, controllable loads and batteries, according to different criteria of stability, efficiency, cost, maintenance and power flow requirements. The Distributed Hybrid Energy Management System (DHEMS) is a management software tool able to solve an optimization problem maximizing renewable energy sources exploitation. The DHEMS has been designed with two control layers. First, the Cloud DHEMS layer accepts external setpoints (from a VPP, DSO or TSO) and dispatchs the total active and reactive power to be exchanged with the grid by a set of distributed plants. Second, the Local DHEMSs are in charge of distributing received set points and commands among the local sets that form each power plant. Different real control and communication tests have been done, in La Plana facility (owned by Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy)

Tumor-associated copy number changes in the circulation of patients with prostate cancer identified through whole-genome sequencing

Background Patients with prostate cancer may present with metastatic or recurrent disease despite initial curative treatment. The propensity of metastatic prostate cancer to spread to the bone has limited repeated sampling of tumor deposits. Hence, considerably less is understood about this lethal metastatic disease, as it is not commonly studied. Here we explored whole-genome sequencing of plasma DNA to scan the tumor genomes of these patients non-invasively. Methods We wanted to make whole-genome analysis from plasma DNA amenable to clinical routine applications and developed an approach based on a benchtop high-throughput platform, that is, Illuminas MiSeq instrument. We performed whole-genome sequencing from plasma at a shallow sequencing depth to establish a genome-wide copy number profile of the tumor at low costs within 2 days. In parallel, we sequenced a panel of 55 high-interest genes and 38 introns with frequent fusion breakpoints such as the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion with high coverage. After intensive testing of our approach with samples from 25 individuals without cancer we analyzed 13 plasma samples derived from five patients with castration resistant (CRPC) and four patients with castration sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC). Results The genome-wide profiling in the plasma of our patients revealed multiple copy number aberrations including those previously reported in prostate tumors, such as losses in 8p and gains in 8q. High-level copy number gains in the AR locus were observed in patients with CRPC but not with CSPC disease. We identified the TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement associated 3-Mbp deletion on chromosome 21 and found corresponding fusion plasma fragments in these cases. In an index case multiregional sequencing of the primary tumor identified different copy number changes in each sector, suggesting multifocal disease. Our plasma analyses of this index case, performed 13 years after resection of the primary tumor, revealed novel chromosomal rearrangements, which were stable in serial plasma analyses over a 9-month period, which is consistent with the presence of one metastatic clone. Conclusions The genomic landscape of prostate cancer can be established by non-invasive means from plasma DNA. Our approach provides specific genomic signatures within 2 days which may therefore serve as 'liquid biopsy'

Chemical Proteomics-Based Analysis of Off-target Binding Profiles for Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone: Clues for Assessing Potential for Cardiotoxicity

Drugs exert desired and undesired effects based on their binding interactions with protein target(s) and off-target(s), providing evidence for drug efficacy and toxicity. Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone possess a common functional core, glitazone, which is considered a privileged scaffold upon which to build a drug selective for a given target—in this case, PPARγ. Herein, we report a retrospective analysis of two variants of the glitazone scaffold, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, in an effort to identify off-target binding events in the rat heart to explain recently reported cardiovascular risk associated with these drugs. Our results suggest that glitazone has affinity for dehydrogenases, consistent with known binding preferences for related rhodanine cores. Both drugs bound ion channels and modulators, with implications in congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, and peripheral edema. Additional proteins involved in glucose homeostasis, synaptic transduction, and mitochondrial energy production were detected and potentially contribute to drug efficacy and cardiotoxicity