Individual increase in inbreeding allows estimating effective sizes from pedigrees

We present here a simple approach to obtain reliable estimates of the effective population size in real world populations via the computation of the increase in inbreeding for each individual (delta F-i) in a given population. The values of delta Fi are computed as t-root of 1 - (1 - F-i) where F-i is the inbreeding coefficient and t is the equivalent complete generations for each individual. The values of delta F computed for a pre-defined reference subset can be averaged and used to estimate effective size. A standard error of this estimate of N-e can be further computed from the standard deviation of the individual increase in inbreeding. The methodology is demonstrated by applying it to several simulated examples and to a real pedigree in which other methodologies fail when considering reference subpopulations. The main characteristics of the approach and its possible use are discussed both for predictive purposes and for analyzing genealogies

Hora del juego libre de sectores y desarrollo de creatividad en niños y niñas de 4 y 5 años de la institución educativa inicial N° 506 de Tungasuca Canas-Cusco 2021

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar si existe relación entre la hora de juego libre por sectores y el desarrollo de la creatividad, en niños y niñas de 4 y 5 años de la Institución Educativa Inicial N° 506 de Tungasuca– Canas – Cusco 2021. La investigación es de tipo teórico, pues busca acrecentar el conocimiento acerca del tema y de enfoque cuantitativo porque busca probar la hipótesis estadísticamente, es de nivel correlacional que va acorde a la intención de vislumbrar la relación entre las variables mencionadas y de diseño no experimental-transversal, porque solo se busca recolectar datos en un momento y tiempo único. Se contó con una muestra de 16 estudiantes con edades que oscilan entre los 4 y 5 años. Para la obtención de la información necesaria se emplearon listas de cotejos para ambas variables, así como también se empleó la ficha de observación para recabar algunas observaciones extras, todo ello fue debidamente procesado por el paquete estadístico SPSS v.25 y Microsoft Excel. Para las dimensiones de la variable hora de juego libre se observó que hubo un nivel regular en el sector hogar (50%), para el sector construcción y dramatización se observó un nivel deficiente (50% y 43,8% respectivamente), en relación a las dimensiones de la Creatividad, se observó un nivel “en proceso” para las dimensiones de flexibilidad y originalidad (50% y 43,8%respectivamente) y un nivel “en inicio” para la dimensión fluidez (56,3%). Finalmente, a través del índice de correlación de Rho de Spearman se verificó que existe una relación significativa y moderada (p=0,004 =0.05; Rho=0,675) entre la hora de juego libre y el desarrollo de la creatividad, además se verifica que la relación entre la hora de juego libre y el desarrollo de la flexibilidad (dimensión de la creatividad) es significativa y de una fuerza moderada (p =0,03=0,05; Rho=0,527)

Effect of phosphate - solubilizing bacteria and compost on the nutritional characteristics of the oil palm crop (elaeis guineensis jacq.) in casanare, colombia

In accordance with interest to include biological practices in fertilization programs for commercially important crops, the effect of a bioinoculant application based on phosphate solubilizing bacteria along with compost was evaluated on oil palm cultivation in the nursery stage and in a definitive area. The five treatments that were evaluated included: (C) compost, (CQ) compost and chemical fertilizers 50/50, (IC) compost and inoculant, (IQ) chemical fertilizers and inoculant and (ICQ) inoculant, compost and chemical fertilizers 50/50; as a positive control it was used a plant group fertilized with traditional chemical compounds. Organic matter was added at 2% (w/w) at nursery stage and 15 kg/plant in the definitive area. Response variables includedagronomic variables were evaluated (total height, height to bifurcation, bulb diameter and number of leaves) and soil physicochemical variables (pH, oxidizable organic carbon (OOC), extractable phosphorus and total boron), measured during 8 months in the nursery area and 6 months in the definitive area. The results showed that the evaluated compost constitutes an alternative for palm fertilization in then definitive area, as source of nutrients that meet crop demand at this stage of the crop, matching the nutritional levels of the control plants (P≥0.005). Meanwhile, in the nursery area, chemical fertilization is essential to ensure the quality of the plants during the first stage of growth, since, at this stage, plants require high amount of N, which is not supplied by the compost. Finally, it was not possible to demonstrate the promoting effect of the microbial inoculant on plant growth, so it is necessary to complement this research in regard to this product

Prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation among kindergarten children in Bahía Blanca city, Argentina

The human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae), is a worldwide public health concern. This human obligate ectoparasite usually infests school age children. The aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence of head lice in kindergarten children from Bahia Blanca. In addition, the influence of risk factors for pediculosis infestation, such as gender, hair characteristics, and socioeconomic class, was studied in relation to the prevalence of this ectoparasite. From a total of 220pupils examined (125 girls and 95 boys), 94 showed pediculosis. The overall prevalence of head lice infestation was 42.7 %.Pediculosis was more frequent in girls (53.6 %) than in boys (28.4 %) and in medium, long, and very long hairs. No differences were found between socioeconomic classes. This indicated that head lice are relatively common in kindergarten children from Bahía Blanca.Fil: Gutierrez, María Mercedes. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Werdin Gonzalez, Jorge Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Stefanazzi, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Serralunga, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Yáñez, Loreto Eugenia. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Ferrero, Adriana Alicia. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentin

Anti-atherogenic properties associated with the antioxidant activity from the hydrophilic extracts of Halimeda incrassata (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales)

Seaweeds are a source of natural antioxidants having potential application in oxidative stress and associated diseases. In this work, anti-atherogenic properties associated with the antioxidant activity from the hydrophilic extracts of Halimeda incrassata were studied. The phenolic content assessed inthe aqueous extract and fraction phenolic acids (FPA) was 0.13 ± 0.05 and 0.47 ± 0.09 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry seaweed, respectively. In DPPH?, radical scavenging assay fractions exhibited a dependent concentration. The seaweeds extract inhibited the desoxirribose oxidation in the presenceor absence of EDTA (IC50 = 1.91± 0.09 mg/mL) (IC50 = 2.95 ± 0.01 mg/mL). In vivo antioxidant properties of FPA-H.incrassata were investigated in rats with a CCl4-induced liver injury. Pre-treatment with H.incrassata led to approximately 50% reductions in liver TBARS levels. The treatment with H. incrassataFPA also increased the activity of the CAT enzyme, which in turn resulted in an enhanced antioxidantdefense. The expression of Catalase by PCR-RT technique demonstrated a higher gene expression when compared with that which was observed in the CCl 4-treated group. Antiatherogenic properties were studied in the inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation mediated by Cu2+ or HRP/H2O2, free radicalscavenging, and metal ion chelation, and it was dose dependent with a higher concentration needed for the aqueous extract than for the FPA fraction. Antioxidant activity was also improved in macrophages as evaluated in the cell supernatant (by TBARS formation); and by luminol enhanced chemiluminescence after cell activation with zymosan; and a degree of cell lipoperoxidation wasdecreased by the Halimeda incrassata extract. The results of this work add to the antioxidant potential of the seaweed for its application in oxidative stress associated conditions.Fil: Vidal-Novoa, Alexis. Universidad de la Habana. Facultad de Biología; CubaFil: Costa-Mugica, Ariadna. Universidad de la Habana. Facultad de Biología; CubaFil: Zulueta Díaz, Yenisleidy de Las Mercedes. Universidad de la Habana. Facultad de Biología; Cuba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Diaz-Gutierrez, Daylín. Universidad de la Habana. Facultad de Biología; CubaFil: de Oliveira e Silva, Ana, Mara. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Vazquez, Ana María. Center For Molecular Inmunology; CubaFil: Claudina, Zaldívar-Munoz. Universidad de la Habana. Facultad de Biología; CubaFil: Dalva, Assuncao Portari de Mancini. Institute Butantan Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Mancini-Filho, Jorge. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Family history of breast and ovarian cancer and triple negative subtype in hispanic/latina women.

Familial breast and ovarian cancer prevalence was assessed among 1150 women of Mexican descent enrolled in a case-only, binational breast cancer study. Logistic regression was conducted to compare odds of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) to non-TNBC according to family history of breast and breast or ovarian cancer among 914 of these women. Prevalence of breast cancer family history in a first- and first- or second-degree relative was 13.1% and 24.1%, respectively; that for breast or ovarian cancer in a first-degree relative was 14.9%. After adjustment for age and country of residence, women with a first-degree relative with breast cancer were more likely to be diagnosed with TNBC than non-TNBC (OR=1.98; 95% CI, 1.26-3.11). The odds of TNBC compared to non-TNBC were 1.93 (95% CI, 1.26-2.97) for women with a first-degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer. There were non-significant stronger associations between family history and TNBC among women diagnosed at age <50 compared to ≥50 years for breast cancer in a first-degree relative (P-interaction = 0.14) and a first- or second-degree relative (P-interaction = 0.07). Findings suggest that familial breast cancers are associated with triple negative subtype, possibly related to BRCA mutations in Hispanic/Latina women, which are strongly associated with TNBC. Family history is an important tool to identify Hispanic/Latina women who may be at increased risk of TNBC, and could benefit from prevention and early detection strategies

La temperatura mínima como determinante ambiental en la iniciación floral del mango | Minimum temperature an environmental determinant in the floral initiation of mango

En zonas tropicales, el inicio de la floración del mango está gobernado por factores ambientales, expresión genética y origen del cultivar. Puede ser promovido por déficit hídrico, manejo hortícola y de modo natural, por descenso de la temperatura. En el Campo Experimental del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CENIAP), Maracay, Venezuela, se analizaron seis ciclos consecutivos de floración durante 2002 a 2008, en parcelas previamente establecidas, con un total de 20 árboles de mango, de 12 años de edad, 10 de 'Haden' y 10 de 'Edward'. Se caracterizó el clima del área de estudio (1980- 2008) y se registraron las condiciones meteorológicas durante el ensayo. Hubo diferencias significativas en las variables asociadas a la fenología floral entre ciclos y para días de inicio de floración (DIF), entre cultivares. El acumulado del número de días (DFrío) con temperaturas mínimas por debajo de un umbral ( 21º, 20º, 19º, 18º y 17ºC) mostró un patrón estacional y variabilidad de año a año. En los ciclos más cálidos, 'Haden' no presentó relación entre DFrío y DIF, mientras que en los ciclos más frescos se observó una relación lineal. Esta relación lineal se observó también en Edward, excepto en el ciclo 5, por ello este cultivar parece ser más sensible a variaciones de la temperatura mínima. Ello sugiere la existencia de requerimientos distintos en cuanto al número de días con temperaturas mínimas para los dos cultivares. Palabras clave: Fenología, regímenes térmicos, iniciación floral ABSTRACT In tropical zones, initiation of flowering in mango is governed by environmental factors, genetic expression and cultivar origin. It can be promoted by water deficit, management practices and naturally, by low temperatures. In the experimental field of the National Center for Agronomic Research (CENIAP), Maracay, Venezuela, in a previously established trial, six consecutive flowering cycles were analyzed during 2002 to 2008. Plots had twenty mango trees of 12 years old, including 10 of 'Haden' and 10 of 'Edward' . Climatic characterization (1980-2008) of the study area was made, also, meteorological conditions during the trail were recorded. Significant differences in variables related to flowering phenology were found between cycles and there were differences in days at flowering (DIF) between cultivars. The accumulated number of days (DFrío) with minimum temperatures below a threshold (21°, 20°, 19°, 18° and 17°C) showed a seasonal pattern as well as year to year variability. During warmer cycles, 'Haden' did not show any relationship between DFrío and DIF, whereas, a linear relationship was evident in cycles with lower minimum temperatures. Except for cycle 5, this linear relationship was also observed in 'Edward', therefore it seems that this cultivar is either more sensitive to variations of minimum temperature. Results suggest that temperature requirements are different for each cultivar. Key words: Phenology, thermal regimes, floral initiation

Gestión educativa institucional y permanencia estudiantil desde las percepciones de los directivos, docentes y estudiantes de primer ciclo - turno noche de un instituto privado de Lima, en el 2020 - II

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo general describir el desarrollo de la gestión educativa institucional y la permanencia estudiantil, desde las percepciones de los directivos, docentes y estudiantes del primer ciclo - turno noche de un Instituto Privado de Lima, en el 2020 - II. Los participantes que conforman la muestra son 1 directivo, 5 docentes y 19 estudiantes del primer ciclo - turno noche de un Instituto Privado de Lima, en el 2020 - II. La metodología empleada desarrolla enfoque cualitativo, alcance descriptivo y diseño fenomenológico. Los resultados revelan que las percepciones han sido positivas, tanto de parte de los estudiantes como del personal directivo y docentes acerca del desarrollo de las actividades educativas, la reestructuración. El amoldamiento que la pandemia propuso como desafío educativo y la participación en conjunto de todos los actores del proceso, desde el personal responsable del diseño de currícula y metodología, el trabajo de soporte del personal administrativo, así como docente y el empeño de los estudiantes. Cabe señalar que los desafíos económicos también han sido evaluados y definitivamente han ocasionado un impacto importante en la permanencia de muchos estudiantes, pero también otros han visto en la situación otras alternativas o apoyo en su entorno y familia para continuar. Se concluye que en la coyuntura actual se potenció el compromiso de la institución y su personal en pos de la ayuda al estudiante. Se valida el interés de los estudiantes en superar las dificultades y salir adelante y la empatía surgida en esta simbiosis estudiantil.The general objective of the present research work is to describe the development of institutional educational management and student permanence, based on administrators, teachers, and students’ perceptions from the first semester - evening sessions of a Private Institute located in Lima, during 2020 - II. The sample includes 1 administrator, 5 teachers, and 19 students from the first semester - evening sessions of a Private Institute located in Lima, during 2020 - II. A qualitative methodology, descriptive scope, and phenomenological design were used. The results reveal that the perceptions have been positive, from both students and management and teaching staff regarding the development of educational and restructuring activities. The adaptation to the pandemic proposed as an educational challenge, the joint participation of all actors in the process, from the staff responsible for the curriculum and methodology design, the support work of the administrative and teachers staff, as well as students’ efforts. It should be noted that the economic challenges have also been evaluated and have definitely had a significant impact on the permanence of many students, but others have also seen other alternatives or support in their environment and family to continue in the situation. It is concluded that in the current situation, the commitment of the institution and its staff in pursuit of student aid was enhanced. The interest of the students in overcoming difficulties and getting ahead is validated as well as the empathy that arises in this student symbiosis.Campus Lima Centr