6 research outputs found
Caractérisation du phénomÚne de fluorescence périmembranaire permettant la mise en évidence des cellules urothéliales tumorales dans les urines dans la méthode exploitée par VitaDX
To detect bladder cancer (BC), urine cytology and cystoscopy are the primary diagnostic tests used. Urine cytology is noninvasive, easy to collect, with moderate sensitivity and high specificity. It is an effective way to detect high-grade BCs, but it is less effective on low-grade ones. Recently, the fluorescent proper-ties of plasma membranes of urothelial tumor cells, called perimembrane fluorescence (PMF), found in urine cytology, have been shown to be of potential use in improving early detection of BC. The main objec-tive of this thesis was to characterize PMF for the detection of urothelial tumor cells in urine. During this work we were interested in the role that the morphological characteristic of the urothelial tumor cell plays in the PMF. We then tried to find a cell line model that did not show PMF in order to screen its protein and lipid composition with our BC model. To accurately analyze the slightest fluctuation in fluores-cence, a PMF quantification software was implemented. Failing to find lines without PMF, we analyzed the PMF of urothelial cells recovered from rat urine with those recovered directly from rat urothelium. Noting a difference in PMF depending on where the cells were recovered, we wanted to determine what cellular phe-nomenon might be involved in the change in PMF when the urothelial cell moves from urothelium to urine. The results obtained thus allowed us to better understand and characterize the PMF phenomenon. In view of our results, we suggest that the strong resistance of tumor cells to external aggression allow them to survive better in urine, contrary to healthy cells which, once in suspension, are more sensitive to these aggressions responsible for the loss of their PMF.Pour dĂ©tecter le cancer de la vessie (CV), la cytologie urinaire et la cystoscopie sont les premiers tests diagnostiques utilisĂ©s. La cytologie urinaire est non invasive, facile Ă collecter, avec une sensibilitĂ© moyenne et une spĂ©cificitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e. Câest un moyen efficace de dĂ©tecter les CV de haut grade, mais elle est moins efficace sur ceux de bas grade. RĂ©cemment, les propriĂ©tĂ©s fluorescentes des membranes plasma-tiques des cellules tumorales urothĂ©liales, appelĂ©es fluorescence pĂ©rimembranaire (FPM), trouvĂ©es dans la cytologie urinaire, se sont avĂ©rĂ©es ĂȘtre dâune utilitĂ© potentielle pour amĂ©liorer la dĂ©tection prĂ©coce du CV. Lâobjectif principal de cette thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© de caractĂ©riser la FPM permettant la dĂ©tection des cellules tumorales urothĂ©liales dans lâurine. Durant ces travaux nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s au rĂŽle que joue la caractĂ©ristique morphologique de la cellule urothĂ©liale tumorale dans la FPM. Nous avons ensuite essayĂ© de trouver un modĂšle de lignĂ©es cel-lulaire qui ne prĂ©sentait pas de FPM dans lâobjectif de cribler sa composition protĂ©ique et lipidique avec notre modĂšle du CV. Pour analyser de façon prĂ©cise la moindre fluctuation de fluorescence, un logiciel de quantification de la FPM a Ă©tĂ© mis en place. Ne parvenant pas Ă trouver de lignĂ©es sans FPM, nous avons analysĂ© la FPM des cellules urothĂ©liales rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©es dans les urines de rat avec celles rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©es direc-tement dans lâurothĂ©lium de rat. En constatant une diffĂ©rence de FPM en fonction dâoĂč les cellules ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©es, nous avons voulu dĂ©terminer quel phĂ©nomĂšne cellulaire pouvait intervenir dans la modification de la FPM quand la cellule urothĂ©liale passe de lâurothĂ©lium aux urines. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont donc permis de mieux comprendre et caractĂ©riser le phĂ©nomĂšne de FPM. En vus de nos rĂ©sultats, nous suggĂ©rons que la forte rĂ©sistance des celles tumorales aux agressions extĂ©rieures leur permet de mieux survivre dans les urines, contrairement aux cellules saines qui, une fois en suspen-sion, sont plus sensibles Ă ces agressions responsables de la perte de leur FPM
Caractérisation du phénomÚne de fluorescence périmembranaire permettant la mise en évidence des cellules urothéliales tumorales dans les urines dans la méthode exploitée par VitaDX
To detect bladder cancer (BC), urine cytology and cystoscopy are the primary diagnostic tests used. Urine cytology is noninvasive, easy to collect, with moderate sensitivity and high specificity. It is an effective way to detect high-grade BCs, but it is less effective on low-grade ones. Recently, the fluorescent proper-ties of plasma membranes of urothelial tumor cells, called perimembrane fluorescence (PMF), found in urine cytology, have been shown to be of potential use in improving early detection of BC. The main objec-tive of this thesis was to characterize PMF for the detection of urothelial tumor cells in urine. During this work we were interested in the role that the morphological characteristic of the urothelial tumor cell plays in the PMF. We then tried to find a cell line model that did not show PMF in order to screen its protein and lipid composition with our BC model. To accurately analyze the slightest fluctuation in fluores-cence, a PMF quantification software was implemented. Failing to find lines without PMF, we analyzed the PMF of urothelial cells recovered from rat urine with those recovered directly from rat urothelium. Noting a difference in PMF depending on where the cells were recovered, we wanted to determine what cellular phe-nomenon might be involved in the change in PMF when the urothelial cell moves from urothelium to urine. The results obtained thus allowed us to better understand and characterize the PMF phenomenon. In view of our results, we suggest that the strong resistance of tumor cells to external aggression allow them to survive better in urine, contrary to healthy cells which, once in suspension, are more sensitive to these aggressions responsible for the loss of their PMF.Pour dĂ©tecter le cancer de la vessie (CV), la cytologie urinaire et la cystoscopie sont les premiers tests diagnostiques utilisĂ©s. La cytologie urinaire est non invasive, facile Ă collecter, avec une sensibilitĂ© moyenne et une spĂ©cificitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e. Câest un moyen efficace de dĂ©tecter les CV de haut grade, mais elle est moins efficace sur ceux de bas grade. RĂ©cemment, les propriĂ©tĂ©s fluorescentes des membranes plasma-tiques des cellules tumorales urothĂ©liales, appelĂ©es fluorescence pĂ©rimembranaire (FPM), trouvĂ©es dans la cytologie urinaire, se sont avĂ©rĂ©es ĂȘtre dâune utilitĂ© potentielle pour amĂ©liorer la dĂ©tection prĂ©coce du CV. Lâobjectif principal de cette thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© de caractĂ©riser la FPM permettant la dĂ©tection des cellules tumorales urothĂ©liales dans lâurine. Durant ces travaux nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s au rĂŽle que joue la caractĂ©ristique morphologique de la cellule urothĂ©liale tumorale dans la FPM. Nous avons ensuite essayĂ© de trouver un modĂšle de lignĂ©es cel-lulaire qui ne prĂ©sentait pas de FPM dans lâobjectif de cribler sa composition protĂ©ique et lipidique avec notre modĂšle du CV. Pour analyser de façon prĂ©cise la moindre fluctuation de fluorescence, un logiciel de quantification de la FPM a Ă©tĂ© mis en place. Ne parvenant pas Ă trouver de lignĂ©es sans FPM, nous avons analysĂ© la FPM des cellules urothĂ©liales rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©es dans les urines de rat avec celles rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©es direc-tement dans lâurothĂ©lium de rat. En constatant une diffĂ©rence de FPM en fonction dâoĂč les cellules ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©es, nous avons voulu dĂ©terminer quel phĂ©nomĂšne cellulaire pouvait intervenir dans la modification de la FPM quand la cellule urothĂ©liale passe de lâurothĂ©lium aux urines. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont donc permis de mieux comprendre et caractĂ©riser le phĂ©nomĂšne de FPM. En vus de nos rĂ©sultats, nous suggĂ©rons que la forte rĂ©sistance des celles tumorales aux agressions extĂ©rieures leur permet de mieux survivre dans les urines, contrairement aux cellules saines qui, une fois en suspen-sion, sont plus sensibles Ă ces agressions responsables de la perte de leur FPM
Characterization of the perimembrane fluorescence phenomenon allowing the detection of urothelial tumor cells in urine in the method performed by VitaDX
Pour dĂ©tecter le cancer de la vessie (CV), la cytologie urinaire et la cystoscopie sont les premiers tests diagnostiques utilisĂ©s. La cytologie urinaire est non invasive, facile Ă collecter, avec une sensibilitĂ© moyenne et une spĂ©cificitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e. Câest un moyen efficace de dĂ©tecter les CV de haut grade, mais elle est moins efficace sur ceux de bas grade. RĂ©cemment, les propriĂ©tĂ©s fluorescentes des membranes plasma-tiques des cellules tumorales urothĂ©liales, appelĂ©es fluorescence pĂ©rimembranaire (FPM), trouvĂ©es dans la cytologie urinaire, se sont avĂ©rĂ©es ĂȘtre dâune utilitĂ© potentielle pour amĂ©liorer la dĂ©tection prĂ©coce du CV. Lâobjectif principal de cette thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© de caractĂ©riser la FPM permettant la dĂ©tection des cellules tumorales urothĂ©liales dans lâurine. Durant ces travaux nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s au rĂŽle que joue la caractĂ©ristique morphologique de la cellule urothĂ©liale tumorale dans la FPM. Nous avons ensuite essayĂ© de trouver un modĂšle de lignĂ©es cel-lulaire qui ne prĂ©sentait pas de FPM dans lâobjectif de cribler sa composition protĂ©ique et lipidique avec notre modĂšle du CV. Pour analyser de façon prĂ©cise la moindre fluctuation de fluorescence, un logiciel de quantification de la FPM a Ă©tĂ© mis en place. Ne parvenant pas Ă trouver de lignĂ©es sans FPM, nous avons analysĂ© la FPM des cellules urothĂ©liales rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©es dans les urines de rat avec celles rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©es direc-tement dans lâurothĂ©lium de rat. En constatant une diffĂ©rence de FPM en fonction dâoĂč les cellules ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©es, nous avons voulu dĂ©terminer quel phĂ©nomĂšne cellulaire pouvait intervenir dans la modification de la FPM quand la cellule urothĂ©liale passe de lâurothĂ©lium aux urines. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont donc permis de mieux comprendre et caractĂ©riser le phĂ©nomĂšne de FPM. En vus de nos rĂ©sultats, nous suggĂ©rons que la forte rĂ©sistance des celles tumorales aux agressions extĂ©rieures leur permet de mieux survivre dans les urines, contrairement aux cellules saines qui, une fois en suspen-sion, sont plus sensibles Ă ces agressions responsables de la perte de leur FPM.To detect bladder cancer (BC), urine cytology and cystoscopy are the primary diagnostic tests used. Urine cytology is noninvasive, easy to collect, with moderate sensitivity and high specificity. It is an effective way to detect high-grade BCs, but it is less effective on low-grade ones. Recently, the fluorescent proper-ties of plasma membranes of urothelial tumor cells, called perimembrane fluorescence (PMF), found in urine cytology, have been shown to be of potential use in improving early detection of BC. The main objec-tive of this thesis was to characterize PMF for the detection of urothelial tumor cells in urine. During this work we were interested in the role that the morphological characteristic of the urothelial tumor cell plays in the PMF. We then tried to find a cell line model that did not show PMF in order to screen its protein and lipid composition with our BC model. To accurately analyze the slightest fluctuation in fluores-cence, a PMF quantification software was implemented. Failing to find lines without PMF, we analyzed the PMF of urothelial cells recovered from rat urine with those recovered directly from rat urothelium. Noting a difference in PMF depending on where the cells were recovered, we wanted to determine what cellular phe-nomenon might be involved in the change in PMF when the urothelial cell moves from urothelium to urine. The results obtained thus allowed us to better understand and characterize the PMF phenomenon. In view of our results, we suggest that the strong resistance of tumor cells to external aggression allow them to survive better in urine, contrary to healthy cells which, once in suspension, are more sensitive to these aggressions responsible for the loss of their PMF
Noninvasive Urine-Based Tests to Diagnose or Detect Recurrence of Bladder Cancer
International audienceLiquid biopsies are increasingly used for the diagnosis and follow-up of cancer patients. Urine is a body fluid that can be used to detect cancers and others diseases. It is noninvasive and easy to collect. To detect Bladder Cancer (BC), cytology is the first assay used. It is an effective way to detect high grade BC but has a high rate of equivocal results, especially for low grade BC. Furthermore, cystoscopy is used to confirm cytology results and to determine cancer status. Cystoscopy is also effective but highly invasive, and not well accepted by patients, especially for BC follow-up. In this review we survey the numerous assays recently developed in order to diagnose BC at an early stage, and to facilitate the follow-up of patients. We discuss their effectiveness, ease of use, and applications. Finally, we discuss assays that, in the future, could improve the diagnosis and management of BC patients
Characterization of the Peri-Membrane Fluorescence Phenomenon Allowing the Detection of Urothelial Tumor Cells in Urine
International audienceSimple Summary To detect bladder cancer (BC), urinary cytology and cystoscopy are the primary diagnostic tests used. Urine cytology is non-invasive, easy to collect, with medium sensitivity and high specificity. It is an effective way to detect high-grade BC, but it is less effective on low-grade BC because the rate of equivocal results is much higher, making them difficult to detect. Despite the implementation of new diagnostics, urinary cytology and cystoscopy remain the gold standard. Instead of looking for new diagnostics, one of the new research areas is the improvement of urinary cytology. Recently, the fluorescent properties of plasma membranes of urothelial tumor cells, called peri-membrane fluorescence, found in urinary cytology have been shown to be useful in improving the early detection of BC. The main objective of this study was to characterize the peri-membrane fluorescence allowing the detection of urothelial tumor cells in urine. Urine cytology is non-invasive, easy to collect, with medium sensitivity and a high specificity. It is an effective way to detect high-grade bladder cancer (BC), but it is less effective on low-grade BC because the rate of equivocal results is much higher. Recently, the fluorescent properties of plasma membranes of urothelial tumor cells (UTC) found in urine cytology have been shown to be useful in improving the early detection of BC. This phenomenon is called peri-membrane fluorescence (PMF). Based on previous studies that have identified the PMF on UTCs, the main objective was to characterize this phenomenon. For this study, a software was specially created to quantify the PMF of all tested cells and different treatments performed. PMF was not found to be a morphological and discriminating feature of UTCs, all cells in shape and not from urine show PMF. We were able to highlight the crucial role of plasma membrane integrity in the maintenance of PMF. Finally, it was found that the induction of a strong cellular stress induced a decrease in PMF, mimicking what was observed in non-tumor cells collected from urine. These results suggest that PMF is found in cells able to resist this stress, such as tumor cells
Angiopoietin-like 4-Induced 3D Capillary Morphogenesis Correlates to Stabilization of Endothelial Adherens Junctions and Restriction of VEGF-Induced Sprouting
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a target of hypoxia that accumulates in the endothelial extracellular matrix. While ANGPTL4 is known to regulate angiogenesis and vascular permeability, its context-dependent role related to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been suggested in capillary morphogenesis. We here thus develop in vitro 3D models coupled to imaging and morphometric analysis of capillaries to decipher ANGPTL4 functions either alone or in the presence of VEGF. ANGPTL4 induces the formation of barely branched and thin endothelial capillaries that display linear adherens junctions. However, ANGPTL4 counteracts VEGF-induced formation of abundant ramified capillaries presenting cell–cell junctions characterized by VE-cadherin containing reticular plaques and serrated structures. We further deciphered the early angiogenesis steps regulated by ANGPTL4. During the initial activation of endothelial cells, ANGPTL4 alone induces cell shape changes but limits the VEGF-induced cell elongation and unjamming. In the growing sprout, ANGPTL4 maintains cohesive VE-cadherin pattern and sustains moderate 3D cell migration but restricts VEGF-induced endothelium remodeling and cell migration. This effect is mediated by differential short- and long-term regulation of P-Y1175-VEGFR2 and ERK1-2 signaling by ANGPTL4. Our in vitro 3D models thus provide the first evidence that ANGPTL4 induces a specific capillary morphogenesis but also overcomes VEGF effect